2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題09主謂一致含解析

1、專題09 【主謂一致】解題指導(dǎo)觸類旁通尋方法，求策略，掌握“套路”正確判斷主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語一致。主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式。主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。倒裝句中謂語的數(shù)與其后的主語的數(shù)一致。分析句子成分，找準(zhǔn)句子主語，判斷句子主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。再根據(jù)主謂一致的三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則及就近一致原則判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。一致原則：主語從句、不可數(shù)名詞、單數(shù)名詞、表示距離、時(shí)間、金錢等的名詞、不定式(短語)或動(dòng)名詞(短語)或不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式； 定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其所修飾的名詞或代詞的數(shù)保持一致。就近原則：or、

2、 either . or、 neither . nor .、 not only . but (also) .、 not . but . 等連接并列主語時(shí)； 在there/here be 句式中，謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。就遠(yuǎn)原則：“名詞介詞(with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/in addition to/including等)名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與第一個(gè)名詞或代詞在數(shù)上保持一致?！纠?福建卷)the famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to

3、 perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 taipei flower expo.【分析】was invitedas well as 連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和其前的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the famous musician在數(shù)上保持一致，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；且musician與invite之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞at the opening ceremony.expo可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填was invited?？键c(diǎn)突破針對提能明考點(diǎn)，攻重難，有效提升考點(diǎn)一 語法一致原則主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單

4、復(fù)數(shù)。1動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句、不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。(湖南卷)all the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科學(xué)證據(jù)都表明，在農(nóng)業(yè)中使用越來越多的化學(xué)品正在危害著我們的健康。everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy.所有的事情都毫無頭緒，讓人發(fā)瘋。what he said is far from the truth.他的話與事實(shí)相差太遠(yuǎn)了。

5、2主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。(2019天津卷)amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.上周埃米和她的哥哥們回到村莊時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。i think tom, rather than you is

6、to blame for the accident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。3and, both.and.連接兩個(gè)不同的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】如果and連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。(2020湖北十二校聯(lián)考)the writer and professor, who i often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those

7、people.我在會議上經(jīng)常提到的那位作家兼教授，在那些人中很受歡迎。4定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。this is one of the novels that have ever been written by mo yan.、這是莫言所寫的小說之一。she is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.她是班里女生中唯一一個(gè)歌唱得很好的。5“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each, every, no所修飾的名詞作主語時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語動(dòng)詞仍

8、用單數(shù)。many a parent has had to go through this same painful process.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on sunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加周日的聚會。考點(diǎn)二 意義一致原則意義一致原則指不管主語的形式是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，主語的意義決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。1集體名詞作主語時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成整體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有family, class, tea

9、m, group, public, committee, government, audience等。the whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting yesterday.這個(gè)班由20個(gè)男生和15個(gè)女生組成。昨天全班學(xué)生被告知放學(xué)后留下來開一個(gè)重要的會?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】形式為單數(shù)但意義為復(fù)數(shù)概念的police, people等集合名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the police a

10、re searching for the murderer in the mountain.警察正在山里搜尋殺人犯。2“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majorityof名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。about one third of the books are worth reading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is c

11、overed by water.總共有超過70%的地球表面被水覆蓋。3“the形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。4a quantity of后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義。quantities of后無論是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。a quantity of time has been wasted on the project.大量的時(shí)間被浪費(fèi)在了這

12、個(gè)項(xiàng)目上。with more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.由于更多的森林被毀，每年有大量的沃土被沖走。5“a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。the number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.收到邀請的總共有

13、100人，但很多人因?yàn)楦鞣N原因缺席了。6表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對于一個(gè)男孩來說，3 000美元是一筆大數(shù)目?？键c(diǎn)三 就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它最近的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)。1由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., not.but.等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語保持一致。not only john and tom but also the

14、ir sister, mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons.不僅是約翰和湯姆，就連他們的妹妹瑪麗，也對鋼琴課有極大的興趣。(湖南卷)either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。2在there be句型中，若有幾個(gè)并列成分作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。there are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本書和一支鋼筆。跟蹤

15、檢測遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范，夯基提能 i.高考真題診斷單句語法填空1. (2020全國卷i) “this really excites scientists,”carle pieters, a scientist at brown university, says,“because it（mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed.”2. (2019全國卷) of the nineteen recognized polar bear sub-populations, three

16、 are declining, six _ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.3. (2020全國卷ii)this is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers_（carry) special significance.4. (2018全國卷) while running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) more effective at lengthening li

17、fe than walking, cycling or swimming.5. (2019天津高考) amy as well as her brothers, _ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.【答案詳解】1.答案：means 解析：根據(jù)this really excites scientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是it,所以空處謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means,故填means.2.答案：are解析：句意：在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中，有3個(gè)正在減少，6個(gè)保持穩(wěn)定，1個(gè)正在增加，

18、還有9個(gè)缺乏足夠的數(shù)據(jù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句由多個(gè)分句并列組成，其中設(shè)空處所在的分句的主語是six, 為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，且下文的lack也是提示；本句敘述的是一般事實(shí)， 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。3.答案：carries 解析：這是一個(gè)表語從句，從句主語為動(dòng)名詞短語decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填 carries.4.答案：is解析：句意為“盡管經(jīng)常跑步不能使你長生不老，但是報(bào)告上說與走路、騎自行車或游泳相比，跑步對延長壽命更有效”?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處所填詞在從句中作謂語，且表一種科學(xué)理

19、論，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語it是第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，填is。 5.答案：was given解析：句意為“上周艾米和她的兄弟們回到村里時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。”若主語后有“as well as名詞(短語)”，as well as連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語是amy,她受到熱烈歡迎，故謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由as well as前面的主語決定。此處amy為主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，且根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last week可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且主語amy與give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，填was given。ii.精選典題主謂一致專題對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練單句語法填空

20、6. then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of achievement. leaving the less important things until tomorrow_ (be) often acceptable.7. the musician along with his band members _ (give) ten performances in the last three months.8. nowadays， cycling，along with jogging and

21、 swimming_ (regard) as one of the best allround forms of exercise.9. still china _ (develop), but the economic growth means that most people have seen their living standards improve rapidly in the last 20 years. 10. each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people

22、_ (injure)11. the university, however, says it _ (consider) gaokao scores for years, requiring a student to rank in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province.12. it _ (invent) in 1921 and people _ (get) great pleasure from it since then.13. the game _ (play) on a special table. players contr

23、ol their “team” by turning sticks, to which the “players” are attached.14. as in real football, points will be awarded when putting the ball in the other players goal. table football requires using hands and eyes together excellently, which _ (be) really exciting.15. (2019溫州二模)the cooler screens sys

24、tem instantly _(analyze) all of this data, and then starts showing ads on the cooler door.【答案詳解】6. 答案：is解析：句意為“把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的”。本句主語是動(dòng)名詞短語“l(fā)eaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。此處是陳述一般事實(shí)，謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。7. 答案：has given解析：由“in the last three months”可知，該句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，along with

25、 連接兩個(gè)并列的主語，謂語與最前面的主語一致，本句主語為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。填has given。8. 答案：is regarded 解析：句意：如今，騎自行車與慢跑和游泳一樣，被看作是一種最好的全能運(yùn)動(dòng)形式。主語與regard是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句子主語部分是“a along with b”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與a一致，即與cycling一致，故謂語用單數(shù)形式，填is regarded。9. 答案：is developing解析：此處描述目前此時(shí)此刻的情況，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語為單數(shù)，故填is developing。10. 答

26、案：are injured解析：分析句子可知，本句缺少謂語，主語people與injure為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又句中時(shí)間狀語是each year，故此處為陳述一般事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，填are injured。11. 答案：has considered解析：賓語從句時(shí)間狀語是for years, 且主句謂語says是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，結(jié)合語境“已經(jīng)考慮高考多年”可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，填has considered。12. 答案：was invented; have got解析：第一空句中時(shí)間狀語是in 1921 ，故該處謂語用一般過去時(shí)，主語it與invent是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 應(yīng)用一般過

27、去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語it是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填was invented。 第二空句后的時(shí)間狀語為since then，可知此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語people是復(fù)數(shù)概念，故填have got。13. 答案：is played解析：此處敘述的是一般情況，且與下文各句時(shí)態(tài)一致， 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語the game 與play是被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語the game是單數(shù)概念，故填is played.14. 答案：is解析：設(shè)空處所在的部分是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，指代主句整句話，表單數(shù)概念，故謂語用單數(shù)形式，填is。 15答案：analyzes 解析：句意：th

28、e cooler screens系統(tǒng)立即分析所有這些數(shù)據(jù)，然后開始在門上顯示廣告。and 連接的是并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一致，故設(shè)空處謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語the cooler screens system是單數(shù)概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，填analyzes。iii.精選典題主謂一致專題對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練單句改錯(cuò)16. the classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.17. take in isnt even have a kitchen,

29、which means it doesnt cook meals, either.18. my family is so harmonious that i have been grown up into a person with love and responsibility.19. i am glad that your neighbors had forgiven us. they are really nice people.20. our teachers often play basketball and soccer together with us. as spring ap

30、proached, the flowers newly planted in the yard have just come out.【答案詳解】16.答案：includeincludes解析：學(xué)習(xí)包括從教科書中學(xué)習(xí)，也包括從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。代詞that作主語，是單數(shù)概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。17.答案：isntdoesnt解析：該句中have是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，否定動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞，本文是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是單數(shù)，故isnt改為doesnt 。18.答案：去掉been解析：句意為“我的家庭是如此和諧，我已經(jīng)成長為一個(gè)充滿愛和責(zé)任的人。”動(dòng)詞grow “成長”是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故去掉bee

31、n。19.答案：hadhave解析：主句謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故賓語從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故had改為have。20.答案：approachedapproaches解析：根據(jù)前后句時(shí)態(tài)可知，as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故approached 改為approaches。iv.精選典題主謂一致專題對點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練短文語法填空i have two sons，tom and mike. both 21. (be) fond of playing football，but neither tom nor mike 22. (care) for swimming because they are afraid of water.recently tom，as well