2021年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)名詞與冠詞考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)含解析

1、名詞與冠詞高考押題專練1when you enter a hotel, the top _ is to find out where all the available exit routes are in case you need to get out in an emergency.aprivilegebprioritycpreference dprinciple【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)你進(jìn)入酒店時(shí)，你的首要任務(wù)是找出所有可用的出口路線，以防你需要在緊急情況下離開。priority“優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，首要事情”，符合句意。privilege“特權(quán)”；preference“偏愛，偏

2、愛的事物”；principle“規(guī)范，原則”。2the health of garden plants depends on the soil _ the proper balance of mineral pieces, organic matter, air, and water.aconstructionbconservationccorporation dcomposition【答案】d【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：園藝植物的健康取決于土壤的組成成分礦物質(zhì)、有機(jī)物質(zhì)、空氣和水的適當(dāng)平衡。composition“構(gòu)成，成分”，符合語境。construction“建造，建筑”；conserv

3、ation“保存，保護(hù)”；corporation“法人，大型公司”。3the audience burst into laughter because of the _ of the tongue from the host, who said, “good ladies, evening and gentlemen.”aslip bslidecseal dspit【答案】a【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：由于主持人的口誤，觀眾突然大笑起來，主持人說：“女士們好，晚上和先生們。” a slip of the tongue“口誤”，符合語境。slide“滑動(dòng)”；seal“印章，封條”；spit“唾沫

4、”。4mo yan, a most widelyread writer，takes a complete new_ to describing chinas rural and folk culture.away bapproachcpassage dentry【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：莫言的作品被廣泛閱讀，他采用了全新的方法來描述中國的鄉(xiāng)村民間文化。an approach to為固定搭配，相當(dāng)于a way of，意為“的方法”；passage指人們行走的“通道，走廊”，不符合本句要求；entry意為“進(jìn)入，進(jìn)入權(quán)，入口處”，不符合本句要求。5music grows and evo

5、lves through the _ of different cultures and styles.ainteraction bcompetitioncconnection dinterpretation【答案】a【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：音樂是通過不同文化和風(fēng)格的互相影響而發(fā)展和演變的。interaction“互相影響，互相作用”；competition“競爭”；connection“聯(lián)系”；interpretation“理解，演繹”。6she was admitted to college and she had to make some _ and learn to lead an

6、 independent life there.aprogress badjustmentcdifference dassessment【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：她被大學(xué)錄取了，因此她不得不做些調(diào)整并學(xué)會在那兒獨(dú)立生活。adjustment“調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)”，符合語境。progress“進(jìn)步”；difference“差異，不同”；assessment“評價(jià)，評估”。7the survey shows that the us is still a favorite _ for studying abroad.aopportunity bdestinationcchallenge dqua

7、lification【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：調(diào)查表明，美國依舊是人們出國留學(xué)最喜歡的目的地。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填destination“目的地”，故答案選b項(xiàng)。8mr. smith, when can i go to america?ive made a _ for you on the morning flight.aregulation bpresentationcreservation dcontribution【答案】c【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：史密斯先生，我什么時(shí)候能去美國？我已經(jīng)為你預(yù)訂了一個(gè)早班飛機(jī)的座位。根據(jù)句意，表示“預(yù)訂”要用make a reservat

8、ion。regulation“管理，規(guī)則”；presentation“展示，描述，陳述”；contribution“貢獻(xiàn)，捐獻(xiàn)”，均不符合句意。9many people think that the sentence of death is too severe a(n) _ for any crime.adefeat btreatmentcpunishment dinjury【答案】c【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：許多人認(rèn)為死刑對任何犯罪來說都是太嚴(yán)厲的處罰。a severe punishment表示“嚴(yán)厲的處罰”，故選punishment。10when asked what is the _

9、 of happiness, different people will give different answers.ahabit bsourcecorigin dresource【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)被問到什么是快樂的源泉這個(gè)問題時(shí)，不同的人會給出不同的答案。habit“習(xí)慣，習(xí)性”；source“根源，來源”；origin“起源，血統(tǒng)”；resource“資源”。11though spending much time on events out of their control, they felt some _ to be at an advantage finall

10、y.aamazement breliefccuriosity dnervousness【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：盡管在不受他們控制的事情上花了大量時(shí)間，但最終能夠處于優(yōu)勢讓他們略感寬慰。amazement“驚訝”；relief“寬慰，輕松”；curiosity“好奇心”；nervousness“緊張不安”。12finding information in todays world is easy.the _ is how you can tell whether the information you get is useful or not.aknowledge bability

11、ccompetition dchallenge【答案】d【解析】句意：當(dāng)今世界找信息很容易，挑戰(zhàn)在于你如何辨別你所獲得的信息是否有用。a.知識；b.能力；c.競賽；d.挑戰(zhàn)，艱巨任務(wù)。故選d。13it is astonishing what you can do with chocolate if you have enough of it.give full play to your _ and have a try!aimagination bpuzzlementcattention dqualification【答案】a【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：如果你有足夠多的巧克力，你能用它做出來的

12、東西令人吃驚。充分發(fā)揮你的想象力去嘗試一下吧！根據(jù)語境可知，此空填imagination“想象力”。puzzlement“疑惑”；attention“注意力”；qualification“資格”。14the patients family has expressed their _ to the press in letters for the money raised.apurposebapologiescgratitudedsympathy【答案】c【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：病人家屬在信中為收到的捐款向媒體表達(dá)了感激之情。purpose“目的”；apology“道歉”；gratitude

13、“感激；感謝”；sympathy“同情”。15when you cast a_for others, you help them see their potential and their possibilities.aglance bdoubtcshadow dvision【答案】d【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)你為他人投射一個(gè)愿景時(shí)，你幫助他們看到自己的潛力和可能性。glance意為“一瞥”；doubt意為“懷疑”；shadow意為“影子”；vision意為“構(gòu)想，設(shè)想”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選d項(xiàng)。16the _ of cultures between europeans and the ro

14、manies led to many nations taking action against them.acooperation bsimilaritycconvention dcollision【答案】d【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：歐洲人和吉卜賽人之間的文化沖突導(dǎo)致了許多國家對他們采取行動(dòng)。cooperation“合作”；similarity“相似處”；convention“習(xí)俗”；collision“碰撞，沖突”。根據(jù)語境可知選d項(xiàng)。17as is often the case, teachers _ with parents involve complaints about chil

15、drens misbehaviors and laziness in school.aacquaintances bnegotiationscconferences dconsultations【答案】c【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：情況經(jīng)常是這樣，家長會上老師抱怨孩子們在校的頑皮和懶惰。conference“會議”；acquaintance“知道，熟悉”；negotiation“協(xié)商”；consultation“請教，咨詢，磋商”。18for sustainable development, the government has decided to give _ to those energ

16、yconserving and environmentfriendly businesses in many aspects.apermission bprofitcpreference dphenomenon【答案】c【解析】句意：為了可持續(xù)發(fā)展，政府已經(jīng)決定在各個(gè)方面給予那些節(jié)能環(huán)保的企業(yè)優(yōu)惠。give preference to.“給予優(yōu)先權(quán)或優(yōu)惠”；permission“允許”；profit“利潤”；phenomenon“現(xiàn)象”。19the local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual_

17、 of 4，000 yuan for food and tuition fees.aaward badmissioncallowance dacquisition【答案】c【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：今年地方當(dāng)局給每個(gè)大學(xué)生每年提供4 000元作為食物和學(xué)費(fèi)的補(bǔ)貼。allowance“補(bǔ)貼，津貼”，符合語境。award“獎(jiǎng)品”；admission“承認(rèn)，入場費(fèi)”；acquisition“獲得”。20in beijing opera, performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show

18、the_and depths of the characters personalities.adimensions bcertificatescoccupations dconsciences【答案】a【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在京劇里，表演者們被要求在臉上畫上圖案并著色，以幫助展示人物個(gè)性的廣度和深度。根據(jù)句意，此處表示“廣度”，所以要選dimensions。而certificate“證書”；occupation“職業(yè)，占有”；conscience“道德心，良心”，均不符合句意。21many parents received a message about the class_ beca

19、use of hazy days in beijing.ainspection bsuspensioncanticipation dparticipation【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：在北京，許多父母都收到了由于霧霾而暫時(shí)停課的信息。a項(xiàng)意為“考察，視察”；b項(xiàng)意為“暫停，暫令停學(xué)”；c項(xiàng)意為“預(yù)見，預(yù)期”；d項(xiàng)意為“參加”。根據(jù)句意可知，b項(xiàng)符合語境。22as a qualified lawyer, he must always consider the best interests of his _aclients bcolleaguescorganizations dcomp

20、anions【答案】a【解析】考查名詞。句意：作為一名合格的律師，他必須總是考慮其委托人的最大利益。client“委托人，當(dāng)事人”，符合句意。colleague“同事”；organization“機(jī)構(gòu)”；companion“同伴”。23many people tend to assume that_ just means creating something new, but actually its more than thatits an attitude of doing things.aimitationbimaginationcinnovation dinspiration【答案】c

21、【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：許多人往往會認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新僅僅意味著創(chuàng)造一些新的東西，但是事實(shí)上它遠(yuǎn)不止此，它(還)是一種做事的態(tài)度。imitation意為“模仿，效仿”；imagination意為“想象，想象力”；innovation意為“創(chuàng)新，改革”；inspiration意為“靈感，妙計(jì)”。故選c項(xiàng)。24when you think of “a life without limits” you have a(n) _ to think that you can do anything.aopportunity bsituationctendency dadvantage【答案】c【解析】考查名詞辨

22、析。名意：當(dāng)你思考“一種沒有限制的生活”的時(shí)候，你會有一種覺得自己能做任何事情的傾向。tendency“傾向，趨勢”。故選c。25having a regular bedtime_is something people can do to lower their risk of becoming overweight.aarrangement bactivityctrend droutine【答案】d【解析】考查名詞。句意：人們可以做的是有一個(gè)規(guī)律的就寢時(shí)間，這可以降低變胖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。routine“常規(guī)，慣例”，符合句意。arrangement“安排”；activity“活動(dòng)”；trend“趨勢

23、”。26a trip to the forest park is a wonderful_ of my happy childhood，when i had no end of fun with my playmates.aadventure bcelebrationcreminder dattraction【答案】c【解析】句意：一次去森林公園的旅行讓我想起了我幸福的童年時(shí)代，那時(shí)我和我的玩伴們有無盡的快樂。a.adventure冒險(xiǎn)；b.celebration慶祝；c.reminder 提醒，讓某人想起的事；d.attraction吸引力。根據(jù)題意選c。27she has a_for li

24、terature and reading classic books or articles has become part of her routine.atalentbpassioncrequirement dreputation【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：她酷愛文學(xué)，閱讀經(jīng)典書籍或文章已經(jīng)成為她日常生活的一部分。talent“天賦”；passion“酷愛，熱愛”；requirement“要求”；reputation“名望，聲望”。28the rapid _ of our city has caused many social and economic problems.that

25、s true.our city is bigger than before, but our life isnt as quiet as before.aexploration bexpansioncexplosion devolution【答案】b【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：我們城市的快速擴(kuò)張已經(jīng)引發(fā)了很多社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)問題。確實(shí)如此。我們的城市比以前大了，但我們的生活沒有以前平靜了。根據(jù)答語中的“our city is bigger than before”可知答案選b項(xiàng)。exploration“探索”；expansion“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張”；explosion“爆炸”；evolution“進(jìn)化”。

26、29he was faced with the_of whether to go abroad for further study or find a job to support his family after he graduated from college.acontrast bdifferencecadjustment ddilemma【答案】d【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后他面臨著是出國繼續(xù)深造還是找一份工作來養(yǎng)家糊口的兩難境地。dilemma“(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境，困境”，符合語境。contrast“對比”；difference“差別”；adjustment“調(diào)整”。3

27、0what i know is that i should sell healthy fruit to my customers, which is to say, i should follow my _aconscience bdreamcnose dpassion【答案】a【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：我所知道的是我應(yīng)該向我的顧客出售健康的水果，也就是說，我應(yīng)該按良心辦事。根據(jù)句意可知，conscience“良心，良知”符合語境。follow ones nose“憑直覺”。31i often have _ chat with my friends on _ phone in my spar

28、e time.aa；the bthe；/ cthe；the da；/【答案】a【解析】句意為：在我閑暇時(shí)我經(jīng)常和朋友們在電話里聊天。第一空have a chat with sb.為習(xí)慣搭配；第二空on the phone也為習(xí)慣搭配。故答案為a。32health care workers are at the risk of getting infectious diseases because of their _ to patients.aexposure bdiscriminationcguidance dresponse【答案】a【解析】句意為：醫(yī)護(hù)人員因接觸病人而有被感染疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

29、exposure暴露，接觸；discrimination歧視；guidance指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)；response反應(yīng)，回答，答復(fù)。33if you want to see a doctor，you fix a date with him ahead of time.that is a common _ in the usa.aview bexercisecpractice dreality【答案】c【解析】句意為：如果你想去看醫(yī)生，你要提前和他約定日期。那在美國是一種慣例。common practice意為“普遍的做法，慣例”，符合句意。34in 2013，beijing adopted an em

30、ergency _ program for air pollution.abehavior bactioncresponse dsituation【答案】c【解析】句意為：在2013年，北京通過了空氣污染應(yīng)急響應(yīng)計(jì)劃。emergency response應(yīng)急響應(yīng)。35usually the player of the year title is given to a big name from the best team.but this time there is a(n) _.abreak bimprovementcexception dtradition【答案】c【解析】句意為：通常情況

31、下，“年度最佳球員”這一頭銜會給最好球隊(duì)中的大牌運(yùn)動(dòng)員，但是這一次卻是個(gè)例外。由usually及but可知選c。exception一般情況以外的人(或事物)，例外。36the fear of failing exams can cause you to panic and stress can be a(n)_ to your performance at school.asolution binvitationcblock daccess【答案】c【解析】solution解決方法；invitation邀請，誘因；block障礙，街區(qū)，大塊；access接近，入口。句意為：對考試失敗的恐懼會引

32、起你的恐慌，壓力會阻礙你在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，故選c。37although war still exists on our planet，i do believe its possible for different ethnic groups to live together in _.aagreement bharmonycconnection dcomparison【答案】b【解析】句意為：盡管我們的星球上依然存在戰(zhàn)爭，但是我堅(jiān)信不同種族的人民是能和諧相處的。live together in harmony和諧相處。38unfortunately，_ stone hit him on _ hea

33、d and he got injured.athe；a ba；/ca；the dthe；the【答案】c【解析】句意為：不幸的是，一塊石頭擊中了他的頭部，他受傷了。第一空表泛指，用不定冠詞a；第二空考查固定搭配：hit sb.on the head“打某人的頭”，用定冠詞the。故答案為c。39i prefer writing _ letters to talking on _ phone.athe；a b/；thecthe；the d/；a【答案】b【解析】句意為：和打電話相比，我更喜歡寫信。第一空letters為名詞復(fù)數(shù)其前不用冠詞；第二空on the phone為習(xí)慣搭配。40it wa

34、s a difficult job for him.he had tried everything but it made little _.ause bgoodcdifference dresult【答案】c【解析】句意為：這項(xiàng)工作對他來說有點(diǎn)難。他嘗試了各種方法，但收效甚微。make little difference意為“沒多大的區(qū)別”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。類似的還有make no difference沒有影響；make a difference有影響，起(重要)作用。41this is our contribution to _ world of the 21st century，_ worl

35、d of independence and mutual understanding.athe；a b/；aca；the dthe；/【答案】a【解析】句意為：這是我們對21世紀(jì)的世界的貢獻(xiàn)，一個(gè)獨(dú)立的、互相理解的世界。第一空用the，特指“21世紀(jì)的世界”；第二空用a，泛指“一個(gè)獨(dú)立的、互相理解的世界”。故答案為a。42for the final _ of our journey，we decided to take the coach.aleg bround cdistance dpath【答案】a【解析】句意為：在我們旅行的最后一段路程，我們決定乘長途汽車。leg一段路程，一段旅程；ro

36、und回合；distance距離；path小路，道路。43jianbing，one of the most popular snacks in china，appeals to almost everyone in america and has become new _ food there.ausual bhitccommon dsuccess【答案】b【解析】句意為：煎餅是中國最受歡迎的小吃之一。它幾乎吸引了每一個(gè)美國人并且已成為那里新的風(fēng)行一時(shí)的食品。usual通常的；hit在此處為名詞，意為“成功而轟動(dòng)(或風(fēng)行)一時(shí)的人或物”；common常見的；success n成功。44my neighbor molly is very kind-hearted.she usually volunteers to help _ poor in our community out of _ sympathy. a/；the bthe；/ca；the dthe；the【答案】b【解析】“the形容詞”表示一類人，本題中the poor 即是“窮人”之意；out of sympathy 意為“出于同情”，為固定搭配。綜上，故選b。45time and time again sh