非謂語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)

1、非謂語動詞考點1.非謂語動詞做主語不定式VS動名詞考點1.1 具體動作VS 抽象的一般的行為傾向考點1.2 不定式做主語，常用it做形式主語考點1.3 動名詞做主語,有時用it做形式主語（動名詞或不定式短語很長時）例：_felt funny watching myself on TV. A.One B.This C.It D.That 注意：it is no good/no use/worthwhile/useless doing sth. 只能用動名詞做主語考點1.4 動名詞復合結構: e.g Would you mind my opening the window?例:_for schoo

2、l made the teacher happy. A. His being not late B. His not being lateC. Not his being late D. His being late not考點2.非謂語動詞做賓語不定式VS動名詞考點2.1 形式賓語6123結構考點2.2 二者差異1) 只接不定式做賓語的動詞: e.g. She pretended to understand his words.注: want, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, plan, offer, decide, agree,expect,

3、wish, ask2)只接動名詞做賓語的動詞:e.g.I suggested going to the exhibition next weekend.注admit,allow, appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy, escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine, keep,mind,miss, practize,resist, risk,suggest,deny,stand,feel like例：I cant stand_ with Jane in the same office. She just refu

4、ses_ talking while she works. A.working; stopping B.to work; stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop解析：cant stand doing sth. 不能忍受做某事。 3）既可跟不定式，又可跟動名詞，但意義無大的區(qū)別I intend to finish/finishing the task this morning.love, like,hate,prefer, intend,start,continue4）既可跟不定式，又可跟動名詞，但意義有區(qū)別例1. -Robert is inde

5、ed a wise man. -Oh,yes. How often I have regretted_his advice! A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking解析：regret to do很遺憾地抱歉地做.（事情還沒有做）;regret doing sth. 很遺憾/后悔做了.（為已經(jīng)做過的事而感到.） ,此處regret not doing 后悔沒有做某事；例2. I still remember_ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A.to take B.to be taken C.

6、taking D.being taken 例3.-If you think that treating a woman well means always_ her permission for things, think again. A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting 解析：mean doing 意味著 meant to do 打算做，故意做注：try（try doing 嘗試做某事； try to do 努力做某事）5）在but, except（介詞，除.之外）接動詞時，要用不定式例：If he takes on this work, he will have

7、 no choice but_ an even greater challenge. A.meets B.meeting C.meet D.to meet注：有時不帶to,取決于前面是否有實義動詞do有do省to: She can do nothing but wait.考點2.3 介詞to VS 不定式 to有些結尾是to的短語后用動名詞:lead to導致look forward to期望devote oneself to致力于object to 反對stick to堅持get down to 著手做某事考點3.非謂語動詞做表語不定式 VS 動名詞 VS 分詞考點3.1 分詞做表語，看分詞

8、與主語的關系：主動-現(xiàn)在分詞；被動-過去分詞例：In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck解析：四月份，由于火山灰的影響，成千上萬的度假者滯留在國外。此處remain是系動詞，后面接過去分詞作表語，表示被動?？键c3.2 同根形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式意義區(qū)分amuse,excite,bore,disappoint,fascinate,frighten,horrify,

9、inspired,movee.g bored VS boring注：做表語時，動名詞可主表互換，分詞不能 My job is teaching. VS This story sounds interesting.考點4.非謂語動詞做賓補（或主補）不定式 VS 分詞考點4.1 不定式作賓補1）能接to的不定式做賓語補足語/主語補足語的動詞有：ask,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade, permit,request,order,warn, cause等；例：

10、Passengers are permitted_ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carry B. carrying C.to be carried D. being carried解析：permit有permit doing sth.和 permit sb. to do sth. 兩種形式，此處使用了被動語態(tài)，選后者，作主補。2）感官動詞和使役動詞(接不帶to的不定式做賓語，接帶to的不定式做主補） 如：find,see,watch,observe,notice,feel, look at, listen to, he

11、ar, make,let,have等。例：The naughty boy often made his little sister cry but today he was made to cry by his little sister.考點4.2 分詞做賓補主要是一些感官動詞或使役動詞：He had his hair cut.He had his wallet stolen. 表請別人做某事/遭受: 賓語或主語承受了過去分詞表示的動作I saw him passing my house. 表正在進行VS 不定式做賓補表經(jīng)常性的動作或動作全過程?？键c5.非謂語動詞做定語考點5.1 動名詞 V

12、S 現(xiàn)在分詞a sleeping baby VS a sleeping car考點5.2 過去分詞 VS 現(xiàn)在分詞 fried+ chickena film (directed by Stephen Chow )fallen leavesflowing waterThe girl (standing over there) is my sister.The factory (making pens here) will be relocated. 例：After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the env

13、elope_. A.providing B.provided C.having provided D.provide解析：在填完表格并在它上面簽名后，請把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)交回。動詞provide與其邏輯主語envelope之間是被動關系，在句中作定語，使用過去分詞，相當于一個被動的定語從句： which is provided.考點5.3 不定式做定語1）不定式做定語多和被修飾詞有“倒動賓關系”，即被修飾詞是不定式動作的承受者；若不定式為不及物動詞，就要在不定式動詞后加上相應的介詞（I want to have a pen to write with)。2）自己做主動，別人做被動：Do

14、 you have anything to wash ?Do you have anything to be sent？考點6.非謂語動詞做狀語考點6.1 不定式做狀語1）結果狀語：例：George returned after the war, only_ that his wife had left him. A.to be told B.telling C.being told D.told解析：表示出人意料的結果： only to do He went to Japan three years ago, never to return. 2）目的狀語：in order toso as

15、to（不能用于句首）考點6.2 分詞做狀語1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：句首：原因、條件、時間、讓步等句末：方式、伴隨、結果例1：Seeing from the hill, we found the city is beautiful.例2：Having finished his homework, he handed it to the teacher. (finish) 解題要點：時間有先后+主語一致+明確主被動2）過去分詞作狀語：句首：原因、條件、時間句末：對前面的情況起補充說明例：Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. 練習：Lots of resc

16、ue workers were working around the clock,_supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to sendC. having sent D. to have sent解析：地震過后，許多救援人員正日夜不停地工作，向青海玉樹運輸救援物資?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，表示同時發(fā)生的動作。C表完成，不符合題意。注：獨立主格形式上與主句無任何聯(lián)系，但是意思上與主句緊密聯(lián)系，共同構筑一個完整的語義環(huán)境無主語和謂語，只有邏輯上的主語，句法上非句子四類：1）獨立分詞結構：Cell

17、 phone being very small, we can use them conveniently.2）with復合結構：With a guide leading the way, they had no difficulty finding the hot spring.3）獨立不定式結構：Nobody to help us tomorrow, we cant finish our task ahead of time.4）獨立無動詞結構：He has visited many countries, most of them in Europe.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)一般式（一）

18、一般現(xiàn)在時時間狀語：often，always,usually,never,seldom,every other day.考點1.基本用法：1）表客觀事實和真理 例：The teacher said that the sun （ ） from the east. A rose B rises C was rising D is rising 解析：表示客觀真理，如：太陽東升西落；地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)；地球是圓的等等 要用一般現(xiàn)在時；2）表經(jīng)常性、習慣性、永恒性、反復性例：Every few years, the coal workers_ their lungs X-rayed to ensure t

19、heir health. A.are having B.have C.have had D.had had解析：every few years標志一般現(xiàn)在時注：現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性： He sings well.考點2.特別用法：1）一般現(xiàn)在表將來之主將從現(xiàn)時間、條件狀語從句；讓步、方式狀語從句例： I dont know if he _.If he _, Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes ; comes C.will come; comes D. comes ; will come解析：前句為賓語從句，后句為條件

20、狀語從句讓步 Whether you help him or not, he will fail.方式 Next time Ill do as he says.2）一般現(xiàn)在表將來之按規(guī)定、時間表 、計劃或安排要發(fā)生 例：The bus leaves at 5 oclock.3）一般現(xiàn)在表將來之hope, take care that, make sure that等賓語從句中例：Make sure that you finish you task in time.4）一般現(xiàn)在表進行：here,there倒裝句例：There goes the bell.（二）一般過去時考點1.基本用法：1）過去

21、發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，往往側重于動作已完成例：-Kevin, you look worried, Anything wrong? -Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. A.will take B.took C.had taken D.take解析：勿受“參加了測試”影響，此處無“過去的過去”2）過去常常:辨析would, used to do, often did考點2.特別用法：委婉，非過去：wonder，want, hope, think, intend；could, wouldI wondered if you could h

22、elp me.考點3.句型1）It is time that sb. did sth. 早該了2）would （had） rather sb. did sth.寧愿某人做某事（虛擬語氣）（三）一般將來時時間狀語：tomorrow, next week, in an hour, in the following few weeks.考點1.主將從現(xiàn)反過來考查例：If their marketing plans succeed, they_ their sales by 20%. A. will increase B.have been increasing C.have increased D.

23、 would be increasing解析：如果他們的市場營銷方案成功的話，他們的銷售量將會增加20%考點2.祈使句+and/or并列句中第二個句子通常用一般將來時或使用情態(tài)動詞例：Close the door of fear behind you, and you_ the door of faith open before you. A.saw B.have seen C.will see D.are seeing考點3.辨析 be going to，be to do, be about to, be due to1) be going to:主語意圖，即將做某事a.計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事

24、(有改的可能性）:The play is going to be produced next month.b.有跡象/征兆要發(fā)生的事:Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.c.be going to VS will例：-Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad. -Oh, really ?I_ . _ visit her.A.didnt know; Ill go and B.dont know; Ill go andC.dont know ; I m goin

25、g to D.didnt know; I m going to解析：一般過去時，will VS be going to(當場形成的意愿；be going to 有計劃有安排下的意圖）2) be to do:a.表將來，按計劃或安排將發(fā)生的事（改的可能性較小)例：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.b.命中注定的事c.命令 例：You are to stand here according to the arrangement.3) be about to:馬上做某事(即時性）不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來的時間狀語

26、連用4)be due to:與時間表,旅行計劃等有關進行式（一）現(xiàn)在進行時時間狀語：now, right now, at present, at this moment考點1.基本用法：例1：Would you please keep silent? The weather report_ and I want to listen. A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast 解析：注意語境；此刻正在進行。例2：Teenagers_ their health because they

27、 play computer games too much. A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damage 解析：注意語境；現(xiàn)階段正在進行?？键c2.特別用法：1）帶有說話人的主觀色彩（積極/消極）例：Oh, where is my wallet ? Maybe I left it in the car. -You _ things behind!A. are always leaving B. were leavingC. have left D. always leave解析：現(xiàn)在進行時表抱怨。注：be (always, cons

28、tantly, forever,continuously) doing2）現(xiàn)在進行表將來：例： The moment_ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A.came B. has gone C.was coming D.is coming 注意：位移動詞come, go, start, leave, return, take off ,arrive(按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作）3）表一時表現(xiàn)或暫時狀態(tài)：She is foolish.（生性如此）VS She is being foolish.（一時的表現(xiàn)）4） 表漸變（二）過去進行

29、時時間狀語：then, at that time, at this time yesterday考點. 基本用法：過去某個時間正在進行例1：-Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice例2：After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that_. A.was decor

30、ated B.had decorated C.had been decorating D.was being decorated解析：過去進行時+被動語態(tài)； A.一般過去時表示動作結束 （三）將來進行時考點. 基本用法例：I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I_ to Shanghai. A.will be flying B.will fly C. have been flying D.have flown解析：將來進行時的時間標志:At this time tomorrow morning 完成式（一）現(xiàn)在完成時時間狀語：rece

31、ntly, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few years., for+一段時間， since+一段時間考點1. 兩種基本用法1）影響性用法：Someone has broken the window.（結果: 窗戶仍破著）2）持續(xù)性用法：We have been busy this afternoon.（從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,且可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去或可能到此結束）瞬間 VS 持續(xù)例1：Up to now, the program_ thousands of children who would otherwise have die

32、d. A.would save B.saves C.had saved D. has saved例2：-Look! Somebody_ in the sofa. _ Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. A.is cleaning B. was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleaned 此題務必擺脫慣性思維；注意語境?？键c2. 典型句型例：This is the first time we_ a film in the cinema together as a family. A.see B. had seen C.saw D.ha

33、ve seen 解析：It is the first / second time. that It is the only. that It is the+最高級+. that 從句用現(xiàn)在完成時注意：以上句型把is改為was,則從句時態(tài)相應改為過去完成時態(tài)考點3. 一般過去時VS現(xiàn)在完成時例：The three of us_ around Europe for about a month last summer. A.traveled B.have traveled C.had traveled D.travel 解析：for+一段時間可以與一般過去時連用（travel本身是持續(xù)性動作） B.

34、發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成影響或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 不合語境 一般現(xiàn)在時表示做過，與現(xiàn)在關聯(lián)不大考點4. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時VS現(xiàn)在完成時例1：The manager_ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A.has told B.is telling C.has been telling D.will have told解析：現(xiàn)在完成時：從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能持續(xù)下去，側重從過去到現(xiàn)在，并與現(xiàn)在有關聯(lián)現(xiàn)在完成進行時：從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能持續(xù)下去，側重持續(xù)，與現(xiàn)在的關聯(lián)相對模糊例2：Tom_in the library every nig

35、ht over the last three months. A.works B.worked C.has been working D.had been working 解析：現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時時間標志詞；over the last three months?？键c5. 主將從現(xiàn)：狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在表將來，用現(xiàn)在完成表將來完成例：- When shall we restart our business? - Not until we_our plan. A.will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D.have finished 解析：

36、We shall not restart our business until we have finished our plan. 直到我們完成了計劃，才重新開始我們的生意。（二）過去完成時時間狀語：before, by the end of last month/years.考點1. 基本用法：過去的過去例：It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they_ for me. A.had done B.did C. would do D.were doing 解析：過了很長時間我才真正體會到他們?yōu)槲宜?/p>

37、作的一切?！拔夷荏w會到”已經(jīng)是過去了，而“他們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小眲t是“過去的過去”。記住：關鍵是找到兩個過去, 與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)分考點2. 特殊用法：1）表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、想法等（I had meant to come= I meant to have come）聯(lián)想：want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose2）句型：no sooner than=hardly /scarcely when；no sooner.than是一.就.的意思.必須要倒裝一般句型是no sooner had sb done than.這是部分倒裝by（ t

38、he end of ) / by the time 過去時間考點3. 過去完成時 VS 過去完成進行時例：They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working, are still workingB. had worked, were still workingC. have been working, have workedD. have worked, are st

39、ill working（三）將來完成時 考點1.by（ the end of ）將來時間 例：By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left考點2.時間、條件狀語從句現(xiàn)在完成時表將來Ill go with you when I have finished my work.語態(tài)考點1. 時態(tài)與語態(tài)（被動語態(tài)）相結合考查的單選題考點2. 主動形式表被動意義2.1.系動詞無被動態(tài)例：The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for