高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件_語法篇_特殊句式1

1、1.(2013全國新課標卷，10)It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. A. when B. that C. which D. what【解析】B句意：僅僅在讀完文件后，克洛斯先生就意識到他面前的任務(wù)是極難完成的。該句為強調(diào)句型it isthat，所以空格處該填that。2.(2013全國新課標卷，28)The driver wanted to park his car near the road

2、side but was asked by the police _. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not【解析】B句意：司機想把車停在路邊，但警察要求他不要那樣做。該處考查not to park the car near the roadside的省略形式。不定式符號to后的內(nèi)容要全部省略。 3.(2013浙江，19)There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A. not treatedB. not being tr

3、eated C. not to be treatedD. not having been treated【解析】A句意：有一些健康問題，如果沒有及時得到處理，以后會變成更大的問題。本句中when引導(dǎo)省略的時間狀語從句，其完整形式應(yīng)當是：when it is not treated in time。4.(2013江西，34)If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked【解析】A句意：如果要你去照顧其他人的行李，

4、就立刻通知警察。If引導(dǎo)的條件句省略了主語、謂語，其完整形式應(yīng)當是：If you are asked。5.(2012重慶，32)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since【解析】B句意：是在哥倫布穿越大西洋之前80年鄭和航海到了東非。本句強調(diào)了時間狀語，故B項正確。6.(2012全國新課標，28)The party will be held in the garden

5、, weather _. A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit【解析】A句意：天氣允許的話，聚會將在花園里舉行。從題干中的逗號來看，前后無動詞連接，因此不是并列句或從句，排除D項；空格前名詞weather與動詞permit之間為主動關(guān)系，排除C項；B項不定式表將來，不合語境；故A項為正確選項，相當于if引導(dǎo)的條件從句。此處應(yīng)該屬于獨立主格形式。7.(2012北京，31)_ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D.

6、To knock【解析】A句意：在進我的房間之前請先敲門。此句為祈使句，且句中出現(xiàn)連詞before說明前后都為句子，故A項正確。8.(2011湖南，35)Its not what we do once in a while _ shapes our lives, but what we do consistently. A. which B. that C. how D. when【解析】B句意：不是我們偶爾而是我們始終如一做的事情塑造了我們的生活。此處構(gòu)成“It isthat”強調(diào)句式。9.(2011陜西，23)It is not how much we do but how much lo

7、ve we put into what we do _ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D. what【解析】C句意：不是我們做了多少，而是我們向我們所做的投入了多少熱忱使我們的工作最受益。去掉It is和空白處之后，句子可還原為：Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our work most.由此可見本題考查強調(diào)句式“It is被強調(diào)部分(Not how much we do but how much love we put i

8、nto what we do)that其他”，所以C項正確。該結(jié)構(gòu)中只有被強調(diào)部分是人時才可用who替代that，其他情況都用that。10.(2011江蘇，33)It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _， wed better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so【解析】D句意：聽起來好像是車的發(fā)動機出毛病了。如果這樣的話，我們最好立刻把它帶到修車廠去。otherwise“否則，要不然”；if

9、 not“如果不的話”；but for that“若不是因為那樣”；if so“如果是這樣的話”。考點一：強調(diào)句考點一：強調(diào)句1強調(diào)句型的幾種構(gòu)成形式：(1)It is/was被強調(diào)部分that/who其他部分強調(diào)句強調(diào)除謂語以外的所有成分，也可以是一個句子，但必須是一個完整的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It is I who am right.(強調(diào)主語)強調(diào)人時，用that, who均可。去掉It is/wasthat/who這一結(jié)構(gòu)時，原句子仍然通順完整。如：It was him that we met at the school gate.It was in the park that Tom met

10、his friends.(2)強調(diào)句的一般疑問形式：只需把is/was提前即可(Is/was it被強調(diào)部分that/who其他部分？)。如：Was it in 1939 that the World War broke out?(3)強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句式在一般疑問句式前加特殊疑問詞(疑問詞is/was itthat其他部分？)。如：Who was it that broke the window?是誰把窗戶打破的？When was it that you call me yesterday?你昨天什么時候給我打的電話？(4)強調(diào)句型有時可用It might bethat；It must ha

11、ve beenthat表示。如：It might be his father that you are thinking of.你想起的可能是他的父親。It must have been his brother that you saw.你看到的想必是他的兄弟。(5) notuntil的強調(diào)句形式：It is/was not until被強調(diào)部分that其他成分。如：He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night.It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to bed.他昨晚直到11點才睡覺

12、。It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.直到他摘下墨鏡時，我才認出他是一位著名的影星。2強調(diào)句型與其他帶有it的復(fù)合句型的區(qū)別：(1)與主語從句的區(qū)別：It is there that accidents often happen.(強調(diào)句)It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(主語從句)強調(diào)句與主語從句雖然在形式上很相似：都含有It is/wast

13、hat但是它們有一個很重要的區(qū)別，強調(diào)句去掉it is/wasthat之后，句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整，而主 語 從 句 卻 不 能 這 樣 ， 所 以 第 一 句 可 改 為 ：Accidents often happen there.其次，譯成中文時，譯法也不一樣，上兩句可譯為：那個地方經(jīng)常發(fā)生事故。英語正被接受為國際語言，這已成為一個事實。(2)與定語從句的區(qū)別：It is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.(強調(diào)賓語)威廉小姐喜歡讀的是小說。It is a question that needs careful consideration.(定語從句

14、)這是一個需要仔細考慮的問題。由此可見，強調(diào)句中that沒有意義，且不作任何成分，而定語從句中that作關(guān)系代詞，在從句中要充當一個句子成分。(3)與狀語從句的區(qū)別：強調(diào)句型與It is/was時間when從句It was at 6 oclock that I got up today.It was 6 oclock when I got up today.第一句為強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)時間狀語，介詞at與時間名詞6 oclock一起作狀語。第二句是狀語從句，it指時間，時間名詞6 oclock作表語，when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。強調(diào)句型與It is時間since從句It issince表示“自從以來已

15、有(時間)”，注意兩個句型中時態(tài)一般不同。試比較：It was two years ago that I began to learn English.我兩年前才開始學(xué)英語的。It is two years since I began to learn English.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了兩年英語。強調(diào)句也可用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：It is two hours that he spends on English every day.他每天花2小時學(xué)英語。強調(diào)句型與It is/was not long before從句試比較：It was two years before he came back from

16、abroad.It was two years later that he came back from abroad.兩個句子都意為“他兩年后回國的”，第一句中it指時間，before引導(dǎo)狀語從句，第二句中強調(diào)狀語two years later?？键c二：倒裝句考點二：倒裝句1全部倒裝即謂語動詞在主語的前面。這類句型主要有以下幾種形式：(1)在there be句型中(其中be動詞還可換成seem，live，stand，lie，appear，exist，come等動詞)要全部倒裝。如：Long long ago, there lived a king who liked horse very m

17、uch.很久以前，有一位國王很喜歡馬。Since you have repaired my TV set, there is no need for me to buy a new one.既然你已經(jīng)修好了我的電視機，我沒必要買一臺新的。(2) such在句中作表語或定語位于句首時，要倒裝。如：Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸力如此之大，以致所有的窗戶都震破了。Such a moving film was it that they were all lost in thought af

18、ter it was over.電影如此感人以致讓他們看后陷入沉思。(3)以there，here，now，then等引起的句子中，謂語動詞常為be，come，go等，要用全部倒裝。如：Here are some picturebooks.這兒是些連環(huán)書畫。Then came a new difficulty.接著來了新的問題。若主語是代詞則不用倒裝。如：Here they are.他們在這兒。(4)以“down，up，out，away”等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞位于句首時，要倒裝。如：Up went the arrow into the sky.箭沖上了天空！In came the teacher.

19、老師進來了。但主語為代詞時，句子不能倒裝。如：Out he rushed.他沖了出去。(5)方位介詞補語作狀語位于句首，變成強調(diào)地點時，句子要倒裝。如：On the top of the hill stands a temple where the old man once lived.那位老人曾經(jīng)居住過的廟在山頂上。In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor.在英格蘭的一所大學(xué)的學(xué)術(shù)講座廳里坐著一位教授。(6)形容詞和分詞作表語提到句首時，為了描述生動或平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)時，要倒裝。如：Standing beside t

20、he window was a boy aged about 6.一個大約6歲的孩子站在窗戶旁。Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.幾名先進工人坐在第一排。2部分倒裝只把謂語的一部分(多為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)置于主語之前的句子，為部分倒裝句。其類型主要有：(l)only修飾狀語位于句首時，謂語部分要倒裝。如：Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.僅在那時我才意識到數(shù)學(xué)的重要性。Only in this way can you solve this problem

21、.只有通過此方法，你才能解決這個問題。注意：only修飾主語時，不能倒裝。如：Only he/Tom knows the secret.只有他/湯姆知道這個秘密。(2)so系動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語，用在肯定句中表示“也一樣”時，要倒裝。如：I went there yesterday, so did she.我昨天去了那兒，她也去了。注意：若兩個動詞的形式不一樣時，就得用So it is with，或It is the same with。如：Jane is a good student and works hard. 簡是一個好學(xué)生，學(xué)習(xí)很努力。So it is with Tom.湯姆也

22、是一樣。 若兩個主語一致時，則表示強調(diào)，不能倒裝，此時so表示“的確如此”。如：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。So it was.的確如此。(3)neither，nor表示“也不”，要倒裝。如：Tom doesnt like bananas, neither/nor do I.湯姆不喜歡香蕉，我也不喜歡。If you dont go to the concert tonight, neither/nor will I.如果你今晚不去聽音樂會，我也不去。(4)否定詞置于句首時，要倒裝。這樣的副詞有：never，no，hardly，scarcely，barely，seldo

23、m，little，not，no time，in no case，under/in no circumstances等。如：Not a single mistake did he make.他沒犯一點錯誤。Never before have I seen such a moving film.我以前從未看過這么動人的電影。(5)幾個復(fù)合句型的倒裝：notuntil(直到才)，如：Not until he returned did we have supper.直到他回來我們才吃飯。no soonerthan/hardlywhen/scarcelywhen(一就)，如：No sooner had the bell rung than the teacher came in.鈴聲一響，老師就進來了。not onlybut also(不但而且)，如：Not only was he forced to stay home, but also he had to do his homework.他不僅被強制待在家，還得完成他的家庭作業(yè)。sothat(如此以致)，如：So clearly does he speak that we all understand what he says.他說得很清楚以至于我們都能理解他說的。neither