高中英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞和副詞

1、語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)（語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)（4）形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞 1.1.形容詞的句法功能形容詞的句法功能（1）作定語(yǔ)：）作定語(yǔ)：作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí), 修飾名詞的詞序?yàn)椋?限定語(yǔ)限定語(yǔ)+數(shù)量詞數(shù)量詞+大?。ㄩL(zhǎng)短、高低）大?。ㄩL(zhǎng)短、高低）+新舊新舊+顏色顏色+國(guó)籍國(guó)籍+材材料料+被修飾名詞被修飾名詞，如：A beautiful small old round table stood on the green Chinese woolen hall carpet. 在那條綠色的中國(guó)羊毛走廊地毯上，放著一張古老美觀的小圓桌；作后置定語(yǔ)：修飾由one, no, some, any, every構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)要后置, 如：

2、something interesting（2）作表語(yǔ)：）作表語(yǔ)：接形容詞作表語(yǔ)的常用系動(dòng)詞有be; become; come; go; grow; get; feel; appear; prove; seem; look; keep; smell; taste; sound; turn; remain。 語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) （3）作賓補(bǔ)：）作賓補(bǔ)： 形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型有： make sb./sth. +adj. ； 如：The game makes us excited. consider sb./sth. +adj. ；如：I consider him honest. think sth

3、.+adj.如：I think it right. （4）作主語(yǔ)：）作主語(yǔ)：與定冠詞連用，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)，如： The rich show no sympathy for the poor. （5）作狀語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：表示伴隨、原因、結(jié)果等，如： The boy stood there, dumb-founded. 注意注意：以a開(kāi)始的形容詞一般作表語(yǔ)，作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置。 下列以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞不是副詞而是形容詞：lively; friendly; lonely; likely; deadly; timely 等。 以下表健康狀況的形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)：well; ill; faint。ill 作定語(yǔ)等

4、于bad; sick既可作表語(yǔ)也可作定語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) 2. 2.副詞的句法功能副詞的句法功能（1）作定語(yǔ)：）作定語(yǔ)：副詞作定語(yǔ)應(yīng)該后置，如： The factory nearby is a chemical works.（2）作表語(yǔ)：）作表語(yǔ)：限于部分副詞over; up; there; here; away; in; inside等，如： They are still not up yet.（3）作狀語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)：表時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、方式等，如： He read the letter in class loudly.（4）作賓補(bǔ)：）作賓補(bǔ)：多用于一些搭配：letout/in; keepo

5、ut，如： Please shut the windows to keep the cold out.語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) 3. 3.形容詞和副詞的幾個(gè)特殊句型形容詞和副詞的幾個(gè)特殊句型(1) so/toomany/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)much/little+不可數(shù)名詞 so many/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that如此以致 so much/little +不可數(shù)名詞+that如此以致 如：You can get so much information. They have so many books that you can read what you like. （2）many more +可

6、數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+than比多得多，如： He has many more books than I. much more+不可數(shù)名詞+than比多得多，如： He has much more information than I.在句中作主（賓、表、狀）語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)（3）tooto句型不表示否定的幾種情況：句型不表示否定的幾種情況： not/never tooto永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)會(huì) ， 如：Its never too late to mend. toonot to太太不會(huì)不不會(huì)不 ， 如： The boy is too clever not to know it. only/but tooto十分

7、，非常，極其，十分，非常，極其， 如：We are but too glad to meet you. too+ (ready, glad, willing, eager等等) +to do 非常非常 ， 如： He is too ready to help others.（4）can not/nevertoo (=can not/neverenough)無(wú)論怎么都不為 過(guò)；越越 ， 如：You cant be careful enough in tests.（5）“與其與其倒不如倒不如”的表示法的表示法 be morethan； be/dorather than； be/do rathert

8、han 如：She is more sad than angry. She would stay at home rather than go shopping on weekends.（6）“ A對(duì)于對(duì)于B猶如猶如C對(duì)對(duì)D一樣一樣”的表示法：的表示法： A is to B (just) as C is to D. 如：Air is to humans as water is to fish. A is to B what C is to D. 如：Air is to humans what water is to fish. (Just) as C is to D, so is A to B

9、. 如：(Just) as water is to fish, so is air to humans. What C is to D, that is A to B. 如：What water is to fish, that is air to humans.語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) 【精練】 （1）Engines are to machines_hearts are to animals. （ ） A./ B.that C.what D.which 解析解析 A is to B what C is to D. A 之于B，猶如C之于D。 （4）Being away from home at te

10、n, the boy is_eager to go home. A.so B.too C.enough D.rather 解析解析 too.to.在此不表示否定。CB4.4.比較級(jí)的特殊句型比較級(jí)的特殊句型（1）同級(jí)比較：）同級(jí)比較： asas和一樣；如： This room is as bright as that one. the sameas；如：The box is the same size as mine. soas（否定句）；（否定句）；如：She is not as/so tall as her mother.（2） 同一范圍的比較：同一范圍的比較：any other + 名詞

11、單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)than anyelseany of the other +名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)all the others +比較范疇比較范疇(in/among/of)than語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) 如：Russia is bigger than any other country around the world. Liu Xiang runs faster than anyone else in China. Liu Xiang runs faster than any of the other runners in China. Liu Xiang runs faster than all the

12、others in China.（3）不同范疇的比較：）不同范疇的比較： than any +名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，意為，意為“比任何都比任何都” 如：Canada is larger than any country in America. than any of the +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“比任何其他的都” 如：Canada is larger than any of the countries in America. （4）倍數(shù)的表示法）倍數(shù)的表示法times asas是是的的倍，倍，如： The stick is three times as long as that one. times

13、+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than比比多幾倍，多幾倍，如： The stick is twice longer than that one. times the +名詞名詞+of 是是的的倍倍，如： The stick is three times the length of that one. 注意：注意：句型中的名詞常有以下： size; width; depth; length; weight; height（5） “越越越越”表達(dá)法：表達(dá)法： The +adj.+er; the+adj. +er (單音節(jié)詞) The more; the more (多音節(jié)詞) 語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) The less

14、; the less (越不越不) 如：The more careful you are ; the better youll do.（6） “越來(lái)越越來(lái)越”表達(dá)法：表達(dá)法： adj.+er and adj.+er； more and more + adj. more and more +n. (越來(lái)越多的) 如：People are living happier and happier.（7） “像像一樣的一樣的”的表達(dá)法：的表達(dá)法： as +adj. a/an +名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ as ，如： As strange a man as this has never been seen. s

15、o +adj. a/an +名詞單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+ as，如： So strange a man has never been seen.語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)such a/an adj. +名詞單數(shù)+ as，如：Such a strange man as this has never been seen. （8） “最最”的幾種表達(dá)方式的幾種表達(dá)方式 the 最高級(jí)最高級(jí) (+名詞名詞) in/of，如：He is the best in maths in our class. noas/so + 原級(jí)原級(jí) + as，如：，如：Nobody is so good as he in maths in o

16、ur class. no+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than，如：如：Nobody is better than he in maths in our class.比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+than+any other+名詞名詞 ，如：如：He is better than any others in maths in our class.語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) asas any ，如：如：He is as good a game player as any others. asas ever ，如：，如：That is as interesting a novel as I have ever seen. nothin

17、gmorethan沒(méi)有沒(méi)有比比更更 ，如：如：Nothing is more valuable than life. nevermorethan從來(lái)從來(lái)沒(méi)有沒(méi)有比比（9） “如此如此以致以致”的表達(dá)的表達(dá)soas to do sth.；adj. + enough to do sth. 如：Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand? Would you be kind enough to lend me a hand?語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) 【精練】 (1) There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” Bu

18、t there is_wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.” A.some B.much C.more D.most解析解析 從上下文邏輯聯(lián)系來(lái)判斷。 (4) Of the two coats, Id choose the_one to spare some money for a book. A.cheapest B.cheaper C.more expensive D.most expensive解析解析 根據(jù)句子的前部分of the two coats,可以判斷應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。CB 5. 5.容易混淆的比較級(jí)及比較級(jí)的其他幾個(gè)問(wèn)題容易混淆的比較級(jí)及比

19、較級(jí)的其他幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1）容易混淆的幾組搭配（1）no+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+ than=as +反義詞+ as可譯為“并不比” not +比較級(jí)比較級(jí) + than； not as/so +原級(jí)原級(jí)+ as； less +原級(jí)原級(jí)+ than. 都可譯為 “不及”如：He is no shorter than Tom.(=He is as tall as Tom.) He is not shorter than Tom.(=He is not as/so short as Tom.)（2）no more than（=only）只，僅僅； not more than （=at most）最多 no les

20、s than（=as many/much as）多達(dá)之多； not less than（=at least）至少 語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)more than (=over多于；=very 非常；=not only 不僅僅, 不止)less than 少于 ；no lessthan同一樣不；不亞于如：No more than 100 students attended the lecture. Not more than 100 students attended the lecture. The result is more than he can imagine. A monkey is no le

21、ss clever than a dog.（3）the most + 原級(jí)原級(jí) + 名詞：最名詞：最 ；a most +原級(jí)原級(jí)+名詞：一名詞：一個(gè)非常個(gè)非常如：This is the most interesting book. This is a most interesting book. 2)應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：（1）用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)的修飾詞）用來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)的修飾詞：much; far; even; still; rather; a lot; a little; a bit; little; by far; a great deal; many times; slig

22、htly; all the; any等如：I am a little/a bit more tired today.（2）用來(lái)修飾最高級(jí)的詞）用來(lái)修飾最高級(jí)的詞：much; by far; a great/good deal; nearly如：She is by far the most popular singer.（3）沒(méi)有比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的形容詞）沒(méi)有比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的形容詞:perfect; excellent; favorite; complete; correct; enough; right; senior; superior; junior; prior; whole; total

23、; awake等。如：My favorite music is classical.語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)（4）asas的固定搭配：的固定搭配： as early as早在早在 as good as和和幾乎一樣；差不多幾乎一樣；差不多 as well as除除之外（還）之外（還） as/so long as長(zhǎng)達(dá)，只要長(zhǎng)達(dá)，只要 as far as遠(yuǎn)達(dá)；直到；就遠(yuǎn)達(dá)；直到；就而言而言 as many/much as 多達(dá)多達(dá) as soon as一一就就 ；和；和一樣快一樣快語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué)語(yǔ)法導(dǎo)學(xué) (1)Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed_I thought I would. （ ） A.not so much as B.as much as