八種時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法

1、時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),或說明主語的特征。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句子中常有的時(shí)間狀語：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (sunday等),never,in the (mo

2、rning等)。如：they go to the palace museum once a year.(他們每年去一次故宮)/ they often discuss business in the evening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)表示客觀真理、事實(shí)、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí)句子里一般不用時(shí)間狀語。如：the earth turns round the sun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))/ light travels faster than sound.(光傳播比聲音快) 表示十分確定會(huì)發(fā)生(如安排好的事情)或按照時(shí)間表進(jìn)行的事情,用一般現(xiàn)在可以表達(dá)將來,句子中可以有將來時(shí)間。如：the tra

3、in for haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(開往漢口的列車上午8點(diǎn)開車) 在時(shí)間狀語從句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引導(dǎo))和條件狀語從句中(以if,unless引導(dǎo)),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),句子可以有將來時(shí)間。如：please ring me up as soon as you arrive in germany.(你一到德國就給我打電話) / if it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家

4、) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用于倒裝句中可以表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)詞以come, go為主。如：here comes the bus. (車來了) / there goes the bell.(鈴響了)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用于體育比賽的解說或寓言故事中。now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. 人的心理活動(dòng)和感官動(dòng)作一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)而不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá),常見動(dòng)詞有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(認(rèn)為),understand, remember, forget, mea

5、n, need, hear, feel, see. 如：i think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ i really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在這兒)(2) 一般過去時(shí) 表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：be動(dòng)詞；行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。表示過去具體時(shí)刻發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：at (e

6、ight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：i got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六點(diǎn)鐘起床的)/ little tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小湯姆今天早上九點(diǎn)半把窗子打破了)/ when he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走進(jìn)房間時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)陌生人正和他父親談話)表示過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)不知何時(shí)發(fā)生的一次性動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間

7、狀語有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：he came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年來到我們市)表示過去一個(gè)階段中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：last, in, fromto, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：mr jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / every day he went to the rich man and borrow

8、ed books from him. 講故事、對過去經(jīng)歷的回憶、雙方都明白的過去事件等一般用過去時(shí),而且經(jīng)常省略時(shí)間狀語。如：i happened to meet rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)特殊句型（需重點(diǎn)掌握） 1.it is time for sb.to do sth.“到時(shí)間了”、“該了” 2.it is time sb.did sth.“時(shí)間已遲了”、“早該了” it is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。 it is time you went to bed.早該睡覺了。 3.would （had） rather s

9、b.did sth.表示“寧愿某人做某事” id rather you came tomorrow.(3) 一般將來時(shí) 表示將來某一時(shí)刻或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didnt，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, whe

10、n引導(dǎo)的從句等。用will構(gòu)成的將來時(shí),表示動(dòng)作與人的主觀愿望無關(guān)。“shall”用于第一人稱,“will”用于所有人稱。如：i will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要從這所中學(xué)畢業(yè)了)/ you will stay alone after i leave.(我走了之后你就要一個(gè)人過了)“am/is/are going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算或準(zhǔn)備要做的事情,或者主觀判斷即將要發(fā)生的事情,而“am/is/are to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示安排或計(jì)劃中的動(dòng)作。如： its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)表示一個(gè)人臨時(shí)決定要做某事

11、,可以用will表達(dá)。如：i will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化學(xué)藥劑). so please wait until i return.(我要到化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室去取些藥品,請等我回頭)5shall和will 在口語的一些疑問句中相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall一般與第一人稱連用,will與第二人稱連用。如：shall we go to the zoo next saturday?(我們下周六去動(dòng)物園好嗎？)/ will you please open the door for me?(替我把門打開好嗎？) 6 “be to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生

12、的事情。如：an angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.(4) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞be (am is are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有： now,等,但經(jīng)常不用。如：what are you doing up in the tree?(你在樹上干什么？)/ i am writing

13、 a long novel these days.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說) 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動(dòng)詞有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：im coming now.(我就來)/ what are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ he is leaving soon.(他就要走了) 表示頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：he is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all abo

14、ut it some time later.(他老是向我借錢,過一些時(shí)候就忘得一干二凈)(5) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was(第一、三人稱單數(shù))或were(第二人稱單數(shù)和各人稱的復(fù)數(shù))+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由wh

15、en引出的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：he was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候他正在做晚飯)/ the little girl was playing with her toy when i saw her.(我看到小女孩的時(shí)候她正在玩玩具) 用于賓語從句或時(shí)間狀語從句中,表示與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行而且是延續(xù)時(shí)間較長。句子中通常不用時(shí)間狀語。如：she was it happen when she was walking past.(她路過時(shí)看到事情的發(fā)生)/ they sang a lot of songs while they were walk

16、ing in the dark forest.(他們在黑暗的森林里走時(shí)唱了很多歌) 也可以表示過去一個(gè)階段頻繁發(fā)生或反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,常與always等頻度副詞連用,以表示贊揚(yáng)、不滿或討厭等感情色彩。如：he was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在這里時(shí)老向我借錢)(6) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的、對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作,或表示開始在過去,并且一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,甚至還可能延續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句：have或ha

17、s。在完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。表示發(fā)生在過去的對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：i have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前從來沒有看過這么好的畫)/ he has just gone to england.(他剛?cè)ビ?表示在過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(可能延續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),時(shí)間狀語有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two w

18、eeks ago)和since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。如：i have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有30年了)/ uncle wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自從這家工廠開張,王叔叔一直在那兒工作)口語中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：they have got thousands of books in their library.(他們圖書館有上萬本書)have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別：have gone to(“已經(jīng)去

19、了”)表示人不在這里,have been to(“去過”)表示人在這里。如：-where is mr li? he has gone to the uk.(李先生在哪里？他去了英國。)/ -do you know something about beijing? yes,i have been to beijing three times. (你知道北京的情況嗎？是的,我去過那里三次。)在完成時(shí)中,一個(gè)瞬間性動(dòng)詞(一次性動(dòng)作)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,此時(shí)須將該瞬間動(dòng)詞改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。具體變化見下表：瞬間性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)have(already)gone

20、 tohavebeen in / at for (two years)hascome tohasbeen heresince (1990)(had)left(had)been away fromarrivedbeen indiedbeen deadbegunbeen onendedbeen overbought.hadborrowedkeptjoinedbeen in 或者使用下面這個(gè)句型：it is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主語(人)+謂語(過去時(shí))+過去時(shí)間狀語 注意 在其它的時(shí)態(tài)中也存在類似問題,記住,關(guān)鍵是：瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：how

21、 long may i keep the book?(這本書我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)(7) 過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。簡言之, 過去完成時(shí)所表示的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。過去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last)或者由when,before等引出狀語從句。有時(shí)句子中會(huì)有already, just, once, ever, never等

22、詞語,也會(huì)有for 或since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語。如：they had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(當(dāng)老師來的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教室)/ the woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他發(fā)覺那個(gè)婦女是個(gè)騙子時(shí)她已經(jīng)走掉了)過去完成時(shí)常用于賓語從句中、after引導(dǎo)的從句中,或者從句是before引導(dǎo)的主句中。如：after i had put on my shoes and hat,i walked into the darkn

23、ess.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走進(jìn)了黑暗之中)/ he said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他說他以前從來沒有見過袋鼠)(8) 過去將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)表示在過去預(yù)計(jì)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。過去將來時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞should(第一人稱)或would(第二、三人稱

24、)+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。在美國英語中,過去將來時(shí)的助動(dòng)詞一律用“would +動(dòng)詞原形”。過去將來時(shí)常由于賓語從句中,時(shí)間狀語有：later, soon, the next (day).在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中不可以使用過去將來時(shí),而應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。如：he promised that he would pay me a lot if i helped him with the project.(他答應(yīng)付給我許多錢如果我?guī)椭隳莻€(gè)項(xiàng)目)/ every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空

25、他就會(huì)坐下來看看書)表示純粹的將來時(shí)用would或should,表示打算或主觀認(rèn)為的事情用was/were going to (+動(dòng)詞原形)。如：she told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告訴我她下個(gè)月就18歲了)/ she told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告訴我她打算帶她的寵物狗去散步)過去將來時(shí)還可以表示一個(gè)過去經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。如：when it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.

26、(白天下雨時(shí)他會(huì)隨身帶一把雨傘)(9) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)指一個(gè)從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并由可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作,它具有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)雙重特征,結(jié)構(gòu)是：“have/has + been +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。如：i have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已經(jīng)在冰冷的水里游了將近兩個(gè)小時(shí))/ how long have you been waiting here?(你在這里一直等了多久？)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)能力綜合測試（ ）1.he often_his clothes on sundays.a. washin

27、g b. washes c. has washed d. wash（ ）2.im chinese. where_from?a. do you come b. you are coming c. you come d. are you coming（ ）3.may_to school.a. never walks b. is never walking c. walk never d. never is walking（ ）4.we will start as soon as our teacher_ .a. comes b. will come c. come d. is coming（ ）5

28、.how long ago_playing football?a. have you stopped b. had you stopped c. did you stop d. do you stop（ ）6.it_ hard when i left my house .a. is raining b. rains c. was raining d. will rain（ ）7.i think this question_to answer.a. easy b. is easy c. was easy d. will easy（ ）8. dont talk so loudly . your f

29、ather_.a. sleeps b. is sleeping c. slept d. had slept（ ）9.how many people does the doctor know who_of the disease (疾病)？a. are dying b. is dying c. has died d. dies（ ）10.i_my homework now.a. finish b. finished c. have finished d. had finished（ ）11.he_for three years.a. has joined b. has been in the a

30、rmy c. joined d. has served the army（ ）12.his grandfather_for thirty years.a. died b. was dead c. has been dead d. has died（ ）13.i_ from my brother for a long time.a. not have heard b. have not heard c. have heard not d. do not hear（ ）14.maths, one of the most important subjects, _always interested

31、him.a. has b. have c. are d. is （ ）15.did your brother go to america last year? _. a. no , he did never go there b. no , he has never gone here c. no , he never was there d. no , hes never been there ）16.he_ that factory since 1958.a. has left b. has worked in c. has gone from d. has come to（ ）17.ou

32、r teacher_to beijing three times.a. went b. had gone c. has gone d. has been（ ）18.last week john_his leg.a. felt and broken b. fell and broke c. feels and breaks d. fallen and broken（ ）19.jack_his thick coat because it was snowing. a. puts on b. put on c. takes on d. took on（ ）20.he_the picture on the wall.a. hanged b. hung c. has hanged d. was hanged（ ）21.next month_twenty five.a. has my sister b. my sister will be c. my sister shall have d. my sister is going to be（ ）22.you_her again i