職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉閱讀與完型考前押題考場(chǎng)版小抄字典版

1、mind-reading machine what is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? which of the following statements is not meant by the writer? "highlighting the areas of the brain at work" means what did the researchers experiment on? which of the following can be the best replac

2、ement of the title?1 什么負(fù)責(zé)處理通過(guò)眼睛發(fā)送的信息？2 下面哪個(gè)觀點(diǎn)不是作者的意思？3 “highlighting the areas of the brain at work”的意思是_。4 究人員用什么做實(shí)驗(yàn)？ 5 下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)最能替換標(biāo)題？batteries built by viruses1）according to the first paragraph, people try to2）what is belcher's team doing at present?3）what expression below is opposite in meanin

3、g to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5?4）which of the following is true of belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?5）how tiny is one battery part?1 根據(jù)第一段，人們?cè)囍プ鯻2 貝爾徹的團(tuán)隊(duì)現(xiàn)在在做_-3 下面哪一個(gè)詞的意思和文中第五段的“萎縮”的意思相反。4 在文中第六段中提到的關(guān)于貝爾徹的團(tuán)隊(duì)，哪一項(xiàng)是正確的。5 個(gè)電池能夠有多小？putting plants to work 1、 what

4、does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?2、 why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches?3、 according to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?4、 researchers have m

5、et with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. which one of the following is one such difficulty？5、 what is not true of algae?關(guān)于植物涉及太陽(yáng)能，作者說(shuō)_一些科學(xué)家研究植物如何把陽(yáng)光、二氧化碳、水轉(zhuǎn)化成糖和淀粉的原因是_。根據(jù)第五段，_時(shí)，海藻能用太陽(yáng)能制造氫氣？研究員們發(fā)現(xiàn)在努力使海藻有效產(chǎn)生氫氣時(shí)存在困難，這樣的困難是_ 于海藻的說(shuō)法，錯(cuò)誤的是_mind-reading machine neurons in

6、 the brain. fmri helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently. "marking the parts of the brain that are processing information" two volunteers. your thoughts can be scanned.讀心機(jī)大腦中的神經(jīng)元fmri幫助科學(xué)家去發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦如何智能地開(kāi)發(fā)？標(biāo)記出大腦部分來(lái)處理信息（大腦部分作出記號(hào)來(lái)處理信息）2名志愿者你的想法可以被掃描（知曉）batteries built by

7、viruses stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases. it is making batteries with viruses. expand. it is a metallic disk with viruses inside it. its width is one tenth of a hair.病毒電池 遠(yuǎn)離病毒，因?yàn)樗麄兡軌驅(qū)е赂鞣N疾病制作用病毒構(gòu)成的電池?cái)U(kuò)展有病毒在里面的金屬圓盤它的寬度是頭發(fā)的十分之一putting plants to work 1 plants have been u

8、sing solar energy for billions of years.2 because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.3 when there is no oxygen in the air.4 it is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.5 they are cheap to eat.讓植物發(fā)揮作用1 植物數(shù)十億年來(lái)一直利用太陽(yáng)能2 因?yàn)樗麄兿胱尵G色植物變成新的能源3 當(dāng)空氣中沒(méi)有氧氣4 硫酸鹽被清

9、除后，海藻太慢而不能產(chǎn)生（更多）的氫氣5 作為食物，它們很便宜life form found” on saturns titan1）what have scientists found about saturn?2） what do scientists say about titan?3）to date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)what does"this form 4）what can be inferred from what allen said?5）which of th

10、e following can replace the title of this passage?土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現(xiàn)生命跡象在土星上科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么_.關(guān)于土衛(wèi)六科學(xué)家說(shuō)了什么_ 艾倫說(shuō)了什么，從中能得到推論出什么動(dòng)物園中飼養(yǎng)的大象遭受壓力和肥胖的可能的原因是列那句話能代替本文的主題_teaching math, teaching anxiety1）what is the result of the research at the university of chicago,according to the first paragraph?2）what is implied in the thir

11、d paragraph?3）according to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt4）the sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings5）david geary thinks that第一段提到的在芝加哥大學(xué)研究的結(jié)果是-第三段落的含義是_。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn),這些教師可能是擔(dān)心時(shí),他們的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)的感受_。第六段落告訴我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)_。5.david geary 認(rèn)為_(kāi)?？茖W(xué)家們說(shuō)，在土衛(wèi)六上發(fā)現(xiàn)了外星生命跡象并宣布了

12、這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局(nasa)的研究者們對(duì)卡西尼號(hào)探測(cè)器所傳回來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析，數(shù)據(jù)表明，土星衛(wèi)星中最大的一顆衛(wèi)星有以甲烷為基礎(chǔ)的生命的存在跡象。據(jù)報(bào)道，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)找到了在土衛(wèi)六高濃度氫氣大氣層里“呼吸”的原始外星生命的線索。他們認(rèn)為，氫氣在到達(dá)布滿甲烷河流湖泊的土衛(wèi)六類似行星一樣的表層前就已經(jīng)被吸收了。這就證明在這個(gè)不及半個(gè)地球大小的衛(wèi)星表面有某種微生物在依靠氫氣生存。3美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的科學(xué)家chris mckay說(shuō)，“我們提出有氫氣的消耗，是由于它是土衛(wèi)六上生命賴以生存的顯而易見(jiàn)的氣體，就像我們地球上用氧氣呼吸一樣。如果這些跡象最終證明是生命的跡象，它會(huì)加倍令人興奮，因?yàn)?/p>

13、它會(huì)代表完全不同于地球上水基生命的第二種生命?！?時(shí)至今日，盡管地球上的依賴液體水的微生物在甲烷里生長(zhǎng)良好或把它作為廢物排出，科學(xué)家在任何地方都沒(méi)有探測(cè)到這種生命的形式。在土衛(wèi)六上，絕對(duì)溫度達(dá)到90度(相當(dāng)于攝氏-27315度)，依賴于甲烷的微生物不得不用某種液體物質(zhì)作為生存的介質(zhì)，這種液體不是水，水在土衛(wèi)六上會(huì)凍成冰塊，不能融化。我們知道，冰塊太冷不能維持生命。5科學(xué)家們?cè)竿?yáng)與大氣層中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)相互作用會(huì)在土衛(wèi)六上產(chǎn)生一層乙炔。但卡西尼號(hào)在它的表面沒(méi)有探測(cè)到乙炔。6mark allen是美國(guó)宇航局土衛(wèi)六項(xiàng)目組的主要負(fù)責(zé)人，他說(shuō)道，既然在土衛(wèi)六的表面沒(méi)有探測(cè)到乙炔，那就充分說(shuō)明上面沒(méi)有生

14、物。7allen說(shuō)：“科學(xué)界的保守主義者們建議，要做出土衛(wèi)六上有生物的結(jié)論，首先必須對(duì)土衛(wèi)六上所有沒(méi)有生物的觀點(diǎn)做出回應(yīng)；要排除土衛(wèi)六上可能沒(méi)有生物的觀點(diǎn)，我們?nèi)沃氐肋h(yuǎn)。極為可能的是，一種化學(xué)過(guò)程而非生物學(xué)能解釋這些結(jié)1）they have found methane-based life on titan2）there are life clues there.3) methane-based life.4) scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on titan.5) a different life

15、form, a possibility他們?cè)谕列l(wèi)六上發(fā)現(xiàn)以甲烷為基礎(chǔ)的生命跡象有生命在那。以甲烷為基礎(chǔ)的生命跡象。在土衛(wèi)六上是否存在生命科學(xué)家們有不同的爭(zhēng)論?？赡艽嬖谝环N與地球不同的生命形式 female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills. a difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject. uneasy reading the num

16、bers of a sales receipt. prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements. the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.女性教師信任她們的數(shù)學(xué)能力和女學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)能力有關(guān)一個(gè)困難的科目像數(shù)學(xué)可能影響教師的教學(xué)主題的信心。3看到很多的銷售數(shù)據(jù)就會(huì)感到不自在女性教師的數(shù)學(xué)焦慮和她們的女學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)有很有力的聯(lián)系5實(shí)驗(yàn)

17、結(jié)果還是初步的，需要更大的樣本對(duì)其進(jìn)行重復(fù)驗(yàn)證1在最新一項(xiàng)關(guān)于小學(xué)生學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的研究中，芝加哥大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家sian beilock和susan levine 發(fā)現(xiàn)，女教師的想法和女學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)之間有著驚人的聯(lián)系：如果女教師對(duì)自己的數(shù)學(xué)能力感到焦慮，她的女學(xué)生很可能認(rèn)為男孩子數(shù)學(xué)比女孩學(xué)得更好。2"如果一直由對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)有焦慮的女教師教授數(shù)學(xué)，就會(huì)對(duì)她們的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)產(chǎn)生雪球效應(yīng)"，levine說(shuō)。換言之，女孩子們最后從老師那里獲得的是對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮。該研究表明，如果女孩子們?cè)谝粋€(gè)認(rèn)為男孩比女孩數(shù)學(xué)好的環(huán)境中成長(zhǎng)，那么她們的數(shù)學(xué)可能會(huì)不如在更自信的狀態(tài)下學(xué)得好。3如同學(xué)生，教師也會(huì)覺(jué)得某些學(xué)

18、科難學(xué)和難教，這就是研究者所言的"焦慮"：不自在或擔(dān)心。4此研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，教師對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)的焦慮能夠傳染給她的女學(xué)生們。該研究的研究對(duì)象包括65個(gè)女孩，52個(gè)男孩和17位在中西部教一二年級(jí)的教師。學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)年的開(kāi)始和結(jié)束時(shí)都進(jìn)行數(shù)學(xué)測(cè)試，研究者們比較得分。5研究者們測(cè)試學(xué)生是否認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)明星一定會(huì)是男孩。然后研究者們測(cè)試教師，試圖找出哪些教師對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感到焦慮，研究者們問(wèn)教師們當(dāng)碰到數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題諸如閱讀銷售清單時(shí)的感受，如果一位教師一看到銷售清單的數(shù)字就感到緊張，那么她很可能對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)存在焦慮。6平均來(lái)說(shuō)，教師的焦慮不會(huì)影響到男孩子。但是，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，如果教女孩子的教師有數(shù)學(xué)焦慮癥，那么女孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)

19、年結(jié)束時(shí)測(cè)試得分比其他的女孩要低。另外，在關(guān)于是否認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)明星應(yīng)該是男孩的測(cè)試中，有20個(gè)女孩認(rèn)為男孩數(shù)學(xué)比女孩好，這20個(gè)女孩的老師都是女性，且都患有數(shù)學(xué)焦慮癥。6來(lái)自密蘇里大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家david geary說(shuō)"這是一個(gè)有趣的研究，但是這只是初步結(jié)果，需要用更大的調(diào)查樣本進(jìn)行重復(fù)驗(yàn)證"。第八篇 a biological clock一個(gè)生物時(shí)鐘every living thing has what scientists call a biological clock that controls behavior. the biological clock tells (1

20、) humans when to form flowers and when the flowers should open1. it tells (2) insects when to leave the protective cocoon繭 and fly away, and it tells animals and human beings when to eat, sleep and wake.events outside the plant and animal (3) affect the actions of some biological clocks. scientists

21、recently found, for example, that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur (4) because the number of hours of daylight. in the short (5) days of winter, its fur becomes white. the fur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight summer.inner signals control other biological clocks.

22、german scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration (6) flight twice each year. birds (7) prevented from flying become restless when it is time for the trip, (8) but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.scientists say th

23、ey are beginning to learn which (9) parts of the brain contain biological clocks. an american researcher, martin moorhead, said a small group of cells near the front of the brain (10) seems to control the timing of some of our actions. these (11) cells tell a person when to (12) awaken, when to slee

24、p and when to seek food. scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities.dr. moorhead is studying (13) how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work2. for example, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work h

25、ours. (14) it can take3 many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours. dr. moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers. he said (15) such understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would

26、help increase a factorys production.第九篇wonder webs驚奇網(wǎng)絡(luò) spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps. and the worlds best web spinner may be the golden orb weaver spider. the female orb weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet (1)tough enough to sn

27、are a flying bird without breaking. the secret of the webs strength? a type of super-resilient (2)silk called dragline. when the female spider is ready to (3)weave the webs spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly. dragline is not sticky, s

28、o the spider can race back and forth along (4)it to spin the webs trademark spiral.恒星英語(yǔ)論壇 unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a golden orb weaver (5)reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years. the silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight an

29、d absorbs the force of an impact three times better than kevlar, a high-strength human-made (6)material used in bullet-proof vests. and thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer t

30、han its original (7)length and snap back as well as new. no human-made fiber even comes (8)close . it is no (9)wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk. in the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run. think parachute cords and suspension bridge

31、 cables. a steady (10)supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars but how to produce it? harvesting silk on spider farms does not (11)work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors. now, scientists at the biotechnology company nexia are spinning artifi

32、cial silk modeled after golden orb dragline. the (12)first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders. next, implant the genes into goat egg cells. the nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their (13)milk . “the young goats pass on the silk-making gene without (

33、14)any help from us,” says nexia president jeffrey turner. nexia is still perfecting the spinning process, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers (15)as fast as the real thing snags bugs. 第十篇 chicken soup for the soul：comfort food fights loneliness心靈雞湯：爽心食品排解孤獨(dú)感 &#

34、160;  mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries,(1)but according to a study in psychological science, theyre good for your heart and(2) emotionsthe study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel "for me(3)personally,food has always played a big role i

35、n my family,” says jordan troisi, a graduate student at the university of buffalo, and lead author on the studythe study came out of the research program of his coauthor shira gabrielit has(4)looked at non-human things that may affect human emotionssome people reduce loneliness by bonding with their

36、(5)favoritetv show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved onestroisi and gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect (6)by making people think of their nearest and dearest. in one experiment, in order to make(7)class feel lonely, the re

37、searchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to themothers were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. then, some people in each(8)group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.(9)finally,the researchers had

38、participants(10)complete questions about their levels of lonelinesswriting about a fight with a close person made people feel lonelybut people who were generally (11)secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food"we have found that comfort foods are consist

39、ently associated with those close to us"says troisi"thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others"in (12)their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the (13)experience of eating food with family and friends. in another experime

40、nt,(14)eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort foodthis was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldnt remember it. throughout everyones daily

41、lives they experience stress, often associated with our(15)connnections with others," troisi says"comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness  第十一篇 climate change poses major risks for unprepared cities氣候變化給不備城市帶來(lái)重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)      a new examination of urban poli

42、cies has been (1)carried out recently by patricia romero lankaoshe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and (2) urban developmentshe warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countrieswill likely suffer from the impacts o

43、f changing climateher work also concludes that most cities are failing to (3)reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse (4)gasesthese  gases are known to affect the atmosphere”climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,

44、” says romero lankao. ”but too few cities are developing effective strategies to (5)protect their residents."     cities are  (6)major sources of greenhouse gasesand urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change

45、. lankaos findings  highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term  (7)benefits      the locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their

46、 populations at greater risk for natural disasters. potential  (8)threats   associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat  (9) heavily paved cities more

47、 than surrounding areasthe impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentfor example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing  widespread health problemspoorer neighborhoods that  may  (10)lack bas

48、ic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disastersmany residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing (11)without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.       loc

49、al governments,  (12)therefore,should take measures to protect their residents.”unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric (13) rather than meaningful responses,  romero lankao writes, ” they dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and ai

50、r conditioning needs. they don't emphasize mass transit and reduce (14) autombile use. in fact, many local  governments  are taking  a handsoff  approach.” thus, she urges them to change their (15)idle policies and to tak

51、e strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇  free statins with fast food could neutralize heart risk快餐加免費(fèi)降膽固醇藥物可以降低罹患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)  fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of  (1)charge  so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at imperial college london (2)suggest in a new study     statins reduce the (3)amount of unhealthy ”ldl” cholesterol in the blood. a wealth of trial data has proven them to be highl