初一英語名詞講解及練習Word版

1、傳播優(yōu)秀word版文檔 ，希望對您有幫助，可雙擊去除！名詞1、 名詞分類：名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞普通名詞：表示同一類的人或物的名稱，又可分為個體名詞，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物質名詞，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名詞，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。專有名詞：表示個人、國家、地方、機構、組織等的專有名稱，如cheng du, china, obama, china central television等。名詞的兩大考點：數(shù)與格二、名詞的數(shù)1.普通名詞：可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞：包括

2、個體名詞和集體名詞個體名詞: 表示個體的人或事物名稱的詞。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每個可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式。a. 單數(shù) 表示“一個”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時，名詞前需加 a 或 an。如 a book（一本書）、an apple（一個蘋果）、an orange（一個橘子）等。b. 復數(shù) 表示兩個或兩個以上的物體。如two pencils（兩枝鉛筆）、three weeks（三周）等。 集合名詞：表示一群人或一些事物名稱的詞。如：people, family, class, furniture復數(shù)形式的構成有兩種：規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成和不規(guī)則名

3、詞復數(shù)形式的構成。規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成詞形復數(shù)形式的構成方法 例 詞 大多數(shù)名詞 在詞尾加-s。（在清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音及元音后讀z。） catcatsbook-booksdog-dogsbagbagsboy- boys 以s、x、ch、sh結尾的名詞 在詞尾加 -es, 讀作iz。 glassglassesmatchmatches 以輔音字母 +y 結尾的名詞 把 y 變成 i , 加 -es, 讀作iz citycities 但專有名詞例外，直接在 y后加-s, 讀作z canadiancanadians americanamericans以輔音字母 +o 結尾的名詞 一般直接加 -e

4、s,讀作z; tomatotomatoespotato potatoes某些詞例外,加 -skilo-kilos, pianopianos, photophotos以元音字母+o結尾的名詞 直接加 -s, 但讀作z zoozoosradioradios 以f或fe結尾的名詞 有的直接加 -s, 讀作z roofroofs 大多數(shù)要將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es,讀作z leafleaveswifewives knifeknivesyourself-yourselves不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)形式的構成復數(shù)形式的構成特點 例 詞 通過改變詞內元音字母 manmen footfeettoothteeth mo

5、usemice（老鼠） 通過在詞尾加-en或-ren oxoxen（牛） childchildren 單復數(shù)形式相同 a sheeptwo sheep a deertwo deer（鹿）a chinesetwo chinese（中國人） 注意事項:只能用于復數(shù)形式的名詞有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks單數(shù)名詞用于復數(shù)含義: people, public, police特殊名詞的講解：people 作“人們，人民”解時，只有復數(shù)形式，謂語動詞作復數(shù)。作“民族”解時，單復數(shù)不同，復數(shù)要在詞尾加s。there are five people in m

6、y family. 我家有五口人。 there are fifty-six peoples in our country.我們國家有56個民族。clothes等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復數(shù)名詞，謂語作復數(shù)。例：my favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名詞，由兩部分構成，常以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of表示，此時如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例：your pants are blue. this pair of pants is mine. 集體名詞看作整體時，謂語用

7、單數(shù); 指成員時，謂語用復數(shù)。 his family is a large family. 指整體 his family like animals. 指成員有的名詞單復數(shù)意思不同：fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞例：hair 和fruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。my

8、hair is black. 我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。i like fruit .its good for you.我喜歡水果,水果對你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復數(shù)形式. homer simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根頭發(fā)。she likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。exercise:一）在后面加s。如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, americans1、some _ are flying kites near the riv

9、er.a. child   b. boy    c. boys     d. childs  二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：classclasses matchmatches box- boxes dish - dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes1. there are many_(fox) in the picture.2the _ has two _.a. boys, watches  b. boy,

10、 watch    c. boy, watches     d. boys, watch 三）以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories1. their_ _(dictionary) look new.以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以o結尾(沒有生命的)加s（外來詞）。如： photos，zoos ,pian

11、os, radios,（有生命的）加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯1、we need some more_. can you go and get some, please? a. potato b. potatos c. potatoes d.potatoe    2there are lots of _ in the basket on the table.a. tomatos    b. tomato    c. tomatoes    d

12、. tomatoss 3. let's take_ _(photo), ok?4. i have lots of_ _(tomato) here.五）以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves1、please remember to give the horse some tree_ _.a. leafs b. leaves c. leaf d.leave      &#

13、160; 2、twelve _ _ were hurt, but no _ _ were lost in that accident.a.person;life  b.people;lives  c.peoples;lives  d.persons;life  3. the_ _(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.六）單復數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, chinese, japanese, germen1、-are there any _ on the farm? -yes, there

14、are some. a. horse  b. duck  c. chicken  d. sheep       2、there are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _.a. sheeps, people b. sheep, people  c. sheeps, peoples  d. sheep, peoples  3can you see nine _ in the picture?a. sheep   &#

15、160; b. dog     c. pig    d. horse 4there are four _ and two _ in the group.a. japanese, germen b. japaneses, germen c. japanese, germans d. japaneses, germans 5. how many_(sheep) are there on the hill?七）一般只有復數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, soc

16、ks1. there are five_(people ) in his family.2、there are a lot of _ down there but hardly any _. a. sheeps, people   b.sheep, people  c. sheeps, peoples    d. sheep, peoples    3、twelve _ were hurt, but no _ were lost in that accident.a.person;life  

17、b.people;lives  c.peoples;lives   d.persons;life  八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學, family家，家庭成員九）合成的復數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如：action movie-action movies, looker-on  lookers-on   1、the police investigated those _ about the accident.a. stander-b

18、y                 c. standers-byb. stander-bys                 d. standers-bys          但如果是由man或wom

19、an所組成的合成詞的復數(shù)則同時為復數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers1、all the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a.women doctors   c.woman doctors b. women doctor d.woman doctor    2two _ would come to the village.a.woman-doctors b.women doctor  c.women doctor

20、s  d.woman doctors 3. they are_(woman) doctors.十）特殊形式的有： man-men, policeman-policemen, englishman-englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth1、one _ of mikes was hurt in the accident yesterday.a. tooth   b.feet   c.hand   d.ear 

21、       2、the little baby has two _ already.a. tooth   b. tooths   c. teeth   d. teeths    3. the cat caught two _ last night.a. mouses    b. mice     c. mouse     d. mices 4the jap

22、anese _ will not leave china until she finishes her study.a. woman     b. women    c. man    d. men 5the boy often brushes his _ before he goes to bed.a. tooth     b. tooths    c. teeth     d. teeths 6. the dee

23、r has four _.a. foot   b. feet    c. feets    d. foots 7. the baby has only two_(tooth) now. (2)不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質名詞和抽象名詞物質名詞：表示無法分為個體的名詞。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名詞：表示狀態(tài)，品質，動作，感情等抽象概念的名詞。如：health, happiness, help個體名詞集體名詞物質名詞抽象名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞普通名詞 專有名詞注意事項：1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有

24、復數(shù)變化,不能與a/an 或表示具體數(shù)量的詞直接連用。這些名詞前往往加some, any, no, a little等詞。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2. 當需要表達名詞的單位的量時候就要用：數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞 來表述。用量詞修飾時，首先要注意量詞的單復數(shù)；然后要注意名詞是否可數(shù),不可數(shù)時用單數(shù),可數(shù)時用復數(shù),如： one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.exercise:1、they are thirsty. will you please

25、give them _ ?a. some bottles of waters   b. some bottles of waterc. some bottle of water d. some bottle of waters    2、there is some _ on the plate(盤子). a. cakes   b. meat    c. potato  d. pears    3、please pass me _. a. two glass of water&

26、#160;   b. two glasses of waters   c. two glasses of water   d. two glass water 4、this table is made of _. a. many glass     b. glasses     c. some glasses  d.glass     5、mr. smith always has _ to tell us.a. some go

27、od pieces of news  b. some pieces of good news c. some good piece of news   d. some piece of good news    6、generally there are _ television programs for children on saturday.a.little    b. much  c.a large number of  d.a large amount of

28、0;  對量詞的提問句型對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用how many；對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用how much，但對不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時要用how many。如： i would like two apples. how many apples would you like? i want some bread. how much bread do you want?i want three glasses of water.how many glasses of water do you want？詢問價格用how much，如: how much is the c

29、oat? how much are the coats?二. 名詞的所有格所有格的構成 ：1. 有生命的名詞 2. 無生命的名詞有生命的名詞 （1）一般單數(shù)名詞后加's. 如：my brother's book，jack's cat，the girl's pen （2）以-s結尾的復數(shù)名詞的所有格，只需在名詞右上方加。 如：the girls dormitory，a teachers' college 注意：在不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞后，要加's.如：women's clothes.（3）如果一樣東西為兩個人共有，在后一個名詞詞尾加's，

30、如： tom and peter's room 湯姆和彼得的房間（共有） （4） 如果一樣東西不是共有的，兩個名詞都要加's. 如： tom's and peter's rooms 湯姆的房間和彼得的房間（不共有）無生命名詞: 無生命的名詞的所有格，通常用“of+名詞”的結構來表示。如：the windows of the room （房間的窗戶） a picture of the horse （一張馬的照片）名詞習題一 寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式： 1. house _ 2. it _ 3. zoo _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exerci

31、se _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. german _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. japanese _ 3

32、1. leaf _ 32. american _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_二選擇填空： 1. i want to buy _. a. two bottles of ink b. two bottle of ink c. two bottle of inks d. two bottles of inks 2. they dont have to do _ today. a. much homewor

33、k b. many homeworks c. many homework d. much homeworks 3. there are three _ and seven _ in the picture. a. cows, sheeps b. cows, sheep c. cow, sheep d. cow, sheeps 4. june 1 is _. a. childrens day b. childrens day c. childrens day d. childrens day 5. _ room is next to their parents. a. kates and joa

34、ns b. kates and joan c. kate and joans d. kate and joan 6. miss green is a friend of _. a. marys mothers b. marys mother c. mary mothers d. mothers of mary 7. sheep _ white and milk _ also white. a. is, are b. are, is c. is, is d. are, are 8. id like to have a glass of milk and _. a. two breads b. t

35、wo pieces of breads c. two pieces of bread d. two piece of bread 9. many _ are singing over there. a. woman b. women c. girl d. child 10. he bought _. a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoes c. two pairs of shoe d. two pair of shoe 11. mr. white has three _. a. child b. children c. childs d. chil

36、drens 12. -are these _? - no, they arent. theyre _. a.sheep, cows b. sheep, cow c. sheeps, cow d. sheeps, cows 13. there are many _ in the fridge. a. fish b. fruit c. eggs d. bread 14. - whose room is this? - its _. a. li ming b. li mings c. li mings d. li mings 15. here are _ for you, sue. a. potat

37、os b. some potatoes c. three tomatos d. some tomato 16. here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. a. wish b. hope c. wishes d. hopes 17. i always go to that _ to buy food on sunday. a. shop b. park c. zoo d. garden 18. _ room is on the 5th floor. a. lucy and lily b. lucy and lilys c. luc

38、ys and lily d. lucys and lilys 19. mum, im quite thirsty. please give me _. a. two orange b. two bottle of oranges c. two bottles of orange d. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. the cat caught two _ last night. a. mouses b. mice c. mouse d. mices21. i met some _ in the park and talked with them the othe

39、r day. a. janpaneses b. american c. chineses d. english 22. there are two _ in the room. a. shelf b. shelfs c. shelfes d. shelves 23. there are seven _ in a week. a. years b. months c. days d. minutes 24. my father is a _. he works in a hospital. a. teacher b. doctor c. farmer d. writer 25. - excuse

40、 me, are you _? - yes, im from _. a. japan, japanese b. china, chinese c. england, english d. american, america26. they are _ jackets. a. lucy s b. lucy 27. what color is _ coat. a. peters b. peter 28. these are _ books. a. teacherss b. teachers 29. they are _ ice creams a. children b. childrens30.

41、this is _ bag. a. tom and peter b.toms and peters 31. where are _ . a. the schools students b. students of the school 32. those are _ bags. a. driverss b. drivers33.this bag is _ . a. marys and toms b. mary and toms34. _ fathers are coming. a. marys and kates b. marys and kate c. mary and kates35.how _ are these books? a. many b. much 36. this pair of pants _ blue. i like _ very much. a. is, it b. are, them c. is, them d.