初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納

1、初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納   時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大初中學(xué)生在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，往往對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時(shí)態(tài)。  1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： always(總是), usually(通常), often(經(jīng)常), sometimes(有時(shí)候), every week (day, year, month), once a week, on sundays ,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞單三+其他否定句 主語(yǔ)+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原

2、形+其他一般疑問(wèn)句 does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他肯定回答 yes，主語(yǔ)+does否定回答 no，主語(yǔ)+doesn't 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 否定句 主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問(wèn)句 do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他例句：i never get up early on sundays. 特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑問(wèn)句 2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the d

3、ay before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他否定形式did+not+do+其他;一般疑問(wèn)句did+主語(yǔ)+do+其他？例句：i went to italy .i visited museums and sat in public gardens 3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now, a

4、t this time(在這一刻), these days, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。 4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 概念： （1）表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。（2） 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生了。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at this time yesterday, at that time（在那一刻）或以when、while引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + do

5、ing. 一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。 while與when(1)用while連接（while只接doing）例:my mother was cooking while i was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)一致)(2）when表示（when可以接doing或did，when后動(dòng)作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，用doing，時(shí)間短，用did）例:i was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時(shí)間)例句: i was having breakfast when the telephone rang 5、現(xiàn)

6、在完成時(shí)： 概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently, lately, since(自從),for（長(zhǎng)達(dá)）,in the past few years, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞或詞組+一般疑問(wèn)句（have/has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他）？例句：i have just received a le

7、tter from my brother. 6、過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： after，when, as soon as(一.就.), until, before,  by the end of（到為止） last year(term, month),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他.否定句：主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他.一般疑問(wèn)句：had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?肯定回答：yes,主語(yǔ)+had.否定回答：n

8、o,主語(yǔ)+had not .例句：the children ran away after they had broken the window.as soon as the sun had set we returned to our hotel.i had not understood the problem until he explained it . 7、一般將來(lái)時(shí)： 概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the

9、 day after tomorrow, etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。 一般疑問(wèn)句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 例句：i will meet him at the harbour early in the morning. 注：將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)will be doing 將來(lái)某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行。(用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)提問(wèn)更加客氣，禮貌。能用will be doing 都能換成will do 表達(dá)。但語(yǔ)氣、含義稍有不同

10、)例句：tomorrow evening they will be singing at the workers club. 8、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)： 概念：立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻，從過(guò)去看將來(lái)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑問(wèn)句：was或were放于句首；woul

11、d/should 提到句首。 一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用在間接引語(yǔ)中 例句：she said that mr.jones would see you now.他說(shuō)過(guò)瓊斯先生現(xiàn)在要見你。 特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑問(wèn)句  . 幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的幾種時(shí)態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換，以下是幾種常見的轉(zhuǎn)換形式：一、       一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，瞬間動(dòng)詞卻不能。i have bought

12、a car.i have had the car for 3 weeksi havent bought anything for 3 months 但是，可用別的表達(dá)方式：瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“一段時(shí)間 + ago”的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型中；瞬間動(dòng)詞可改成與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)，與一段時(shí)間連用；瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“it is + 一段時(shí)間 + since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中，表示“自從以來(lái)有時(shí)間”的意思，主句一般用it is來(lái)代替it has been;瞬間動(dòng)詞用于“some time has passed since + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)”的句型中。請(qǐng)看： a.   he

13、joined the league li: 聯(lián)盟two years ago. b.   he has been in the league for two years. c. it is two years since he joined the league.d. two years has passed since he joined the league.二、       一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學(xué)、上

14、課）等。此短語(yǔ)可與進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換。請(qǐng)看： peter is at work, but mike is at play. peter is working, but mike is playing. 三、       現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)換 在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中g(shù)o, come, leave, start, arrive等動(dòng)詞常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：i am coming, mum! 意為“我就來(lái)，媽媽！”請(qǐng)看： the train is leaving soon. the train will leave s

15、oon. 四、“be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”與“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換 “be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”、表示打算、計(jì)劃要做的事；將來(lái)時(shí)“will(shall)+動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)在書面語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第一人稱時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。在口語(yǔ)中，所有人稱都可以用will。請(qǐng)看： we are going to visit the great wall next sunday. we shall visit the great wall next sunday.  動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考點(diǎn)分析 一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則 1. hurry up! the play f

16、or ten minutes. a. has begun b. had begun c. has been on d. began 析 1.since后接時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)，for后接時(shí)間段，主句動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，應(yīng)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的使用。 二、特殊疑問(wèn)句2.how staying? for five days.a.long they will be b.they will be c.long will they be d.long they be  析 特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞（when,where,who,how ,etc.）+一般疑問(wèn)句 三、根據(jù)上下文已有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)的原則 3. when this kind of computer ? -last year. a. did; use b. was; use