Argument_Writing_PowerPoint

1、Writing Part 4: Argument Writing Argumentation/Opinion The writing tasks for argument ask the student to support or oppose a claim or position on a given issue arising from interpersonal, school/community, or social contexts. Used for many purposes -To change the readers point of view -To bring abou

2、t some action on the readers part -To ask the reader to accept the writers explanation or evaluation of a concept, issue or problem. An argument is a reasoned, logical way of demonstrating that the writers position, belief, or conclusion is. SAMPLE ARGUMENT WRITING PROMPT GRADES 6-8WRITING SITUATION

3、Education researchers claim that student learning will improve if all printed textbooks are replaced with electronic textbooks, known as e-textbooks. Based on the researchers findings, students in your school will be issued an e-textbook reader, which is a device that displays electronic books.WRITI

4、NG TASKWrite an essay either supporting or opposing the claim that student learning will improve if all student textbooks are replaced with electronic reading books. Use your knowledge and your own experience or observation to develop your essay. Use reasons, facts, examples and/or other evidence to

5、 support your position.General Characteristics: Argument Writing Thesis states a narrowed and defined argument Is text- and research-based Evidence to support reasoning and position is clearly and accurately written Refutes opposing arguments Has a conclusion Restates premise and summarizesArgument

6、vs. Persuasion When writing to persuade, writers employ a variety of persuasive strategies -Appeals to the credibility, character, or authority of the writer (or speaker)when writers establish that they are knowledgeable and trustworthy, audiences are more likely to believe what they say -Appeals to

7、 the audiences self-interest, sense of identity, or emotions, any of which can sway an audience -Persuasive writing never acknowledges that there is another side to the argument. Argument vs. Persuasion A logical argument, on the other hand, convinces the audience because of perceived merit and reas

8、onableness of the claims and proofs offered rather than either the emotions the writing evokes in the audience or the character or credentials of the writer The standards place special emphasis on writing logical arguments as a particularly important form of college- and career-ready writing In summ

9、ation, persuasive writing is not as rigorous because it allows students to write solely based on their experiences and emotions, without having to gather evidence and facts or consider the other side. The Argument Essay Checklist ()RememberThe argumentative essay, while similar to thepersuasive essa

10、y, also has a few differences; most importantly, the argumentative essay uses evidence to both show ones own position and to refute the opposing argument. One way to organize this kind of essay is what we call the claim and counter-claim format. You should try to write at least five paragraphs for t

11、he argument essay: Start by introducing the topic and state or explain your position. Then use one paragraph to state each of your points (supporting reasons), following your statement with the evidence (facts/examples) that proves or supports your points. You should try to have a minimum of 3 suppo

12、rting reasons/paragraphs. Then follow your supporting reasons with at least one paragraph with an opposing view (opposing claim) and evidence that supports the objection. In this paragraph, you should also rebut your counter claim(s) (counter point) and its/their evidence (response to opposing claim

13、). Conclusion: restate your claim or position; include a summary of supporting points, and an assessment of rebuttals Argument Map Introduce your claim (Be sure to state the topic) Supporting reason 1: Evidence (facts or examples) to supportreason 1: Supporting reason 2: Evidence (facts or examples)

14、 to supportreason 2: Supporting reason 3: Evidence (facts or examples) to supportreason 3: Opposing claim: Response to opposing claim: ConclusionArgument EssayClaim & Counter ClaimRemember.The argument essay, while similar to the persuasive essay, also has a few important differences: The Argume

15、nt EssayMost importantly, the argument essay uses evidence to both show ones own position and to refute the opposing argument.The Argument EssayCLAIM One way to organize this kind of essay is what we call the claimCounter-Claim and the counter-claim format.The BeginningStart by introducing the topic

16、 and state or explain your position. Then use one paragraph to state each of your points, following your statement with the evidence that proves or supports your points. Then follow each point with an opposing view and evidence that supports the objections. Use one paragraph for each counter point.

17、Also, be sure to respond to each opposing claim (rebuttal)Finally.Use one paragraph to sum-up what you have written.In Conclusion:Restate your claim or position; include a summary of supporting points, and an assessment of rebuttals. Argument Essay Model: Should schools stop serving chocolate milk t

18、o their students?Schools should keep serving chocolate milk. There should be chocolate milk because kids like it, it gives vitamins, and it gets kids in good habits. Many kids love chocolate milk it makes them happy to see it in the cafeteria, their lunch box, at their kitchen table. Research shows

19、that, overall, chocolate milk is pretty good for kids.Its especially important that kids like chocolate milk. It turns out that more kids drink milk, when they can get chocolate milk. When you interview a lot of parents, like Katie Couric did, theyll say that their kids only drink milk if they can g

20、et chocolate milk. So at least theyre drinking milk. In a survey of students in this school, 84% said that they would drink more milk if they had chocolate milk available. Of those same students, 28% said that they wouldnt drink any milk at all unless it were chocolate.Surprisingly, chocolate milk t

21、urns out to have vitamins. A nutritionist from the Dairy Association, demonstrates that chocolate milk is a good source of vitamin A, D, E, and calcium. Thats a lot of vitamins and theyre in something kids actually like to drink! In her information session, the nutritionist is with kids who drink ch

22、ocolate milk. Their bright teeth and glossy hair illustrates that kids who love chocolate milk will be that healthy.Theres one more reason why chocolate milk should be served in schools. The famous nutrionist argued that chocolate milk has a lot less sugar and carbohydrates than soda and power drink

23、s like Gatorade. So if kids get in the habit of drinking milk in school, then theyll probably skip the sodas outside of school. The chocolate milk that is served in our school, for instance, is low fat. So it is a lot better for kids than soda. Its true that Jamie Oliver, a chef and enemy of chocola

24、te milk, argued that chocolate milk does have added sugar. Jamie is a famous English chef who is involved with lunch for kids in schools in Los Angeles. In a shocking video, Jamie shows a school bus filled with sugar to show how much sugar school kids get from chocolate milk. But there are a lot of school kids in the US, and if you divide that busload up between all the kids, it will not be such a shocking amount. And if you put next to it a bus filled with the vitamins A,D,E and calcium that kids get, the picture might seem very different.Thats why we should keep serving