高中英語語法形容詞和副詞Word版

1、形容詞和副詞 I 形容詞及其基本用法 形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。 1直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如：hot，happy ，等。 2敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a-開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid害怕的。 誤She is afraid girl 正The girl is afraid 這類詞還有： afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 以及well，unwell，ill, fain

2、t，等。 3形容詞作定語修飾名詞時，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為詞尾的不定代詞時，要放在這些詞之后。例如：something nice. 4以1y結(jié)尾的形容詞 (1)大部分形容詞加-1y后可構(gòu)成副詞。 注意：friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly等是形容詞。 【誤】He spoke to me very friendly 正He spoke to me in a very friendly way (2)有些以-1y結(jié)尾的詞既為形容詞，也可為副詞，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly

3、，early等。例如： China Daily is a daily newspaper中國日報是一份日報。 China Daily is published daily中國日報每天出版。 5.用形容詞表示類別和整體 (1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以指一類人，與復數(shù)謂語動詞連用，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor， the blindthe hungry等。例如： The poor are losing hope窮人將失去希望。 (2)有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞后，指這個民族整體，與動詞的復數(shù)形式連用，如the British，the Englis

4、h，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have a wonderful sense of humor英國人頗有幽默感。 6多個形容詞修飾名詞時的順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為：限定詞數(shù)詞描繪性詞 (大小/長短/形狀/新舊/顏色)一 出處材料性質(zhì)類別名詞。例如： a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car 記憶口訣：限數(shù)描大形新色國材名。 I

5、I、副詞及其基本用法 副詞主要用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。1副詞的位量(1)在動詞之前。(2)在be動詞、助動詞之后。 (3)有多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞之后。(4)如果賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us2 / 10(5)副詞well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如： He speaks English well2副詞的排列順序(1)先時間，后地點；小單位在前，大單位在后。(2)表示方式的副詞：短的在前，長的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。例如：

6、 Please write slowly and carefully(3)多個不同副詞排列：程度+地點+方式+時間副詞： 注意：副詞very可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動詞。誤I very like English正l like English very much 注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞、副詞的后面。例如：I dont know him well enoughYou didnt listen carefully enough.3兼有兩種形式的副詞(1)close, closely close意思是“近”,closely意思是“密切地”。例如：He is sitting close t

7、o meWatch him closely(2)late，lately late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。例如：You have come too late你來得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 你近來在做什么? (3)deep，deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空間深度；deeply常表示感情上的深度，意為“深深地”。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud他把棍子深深地插進泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film甚至爸爸也被電影情節(jié)深深打動。(

8、4)high，highly high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于much。例如：The plane was flying high這架飛機飛得很高。He thinks highly of your opinion他對你的觀點評價頗高。(5)wide, widely wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是“廣泛地”。例如：He opened the door wide他把門開得大大的。English is widely used in the world英語在世界范圍內(nèi)被廣泛使用。(6)free, freely free意思是“免費”；freely意思是“無限制地”。例如：You

9、 can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like無論什么時候，我這飯館免費對你開放。 You may speak freely；say what you like你可以暢所欲言，想說什么就說什么。形容詞與副詞的比較級 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。1 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞尾加-er， est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。 構(gòu)成法 原級 比較級 最高級一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加-er, -est tall taller tallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞只加-r, -st nice nice

10、r nicest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的單詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-est big bigger biggest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，變y為i，再加-er,-est busy busier busiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加-er, -est clever narrow cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加 more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級 important easily More important More easily Most important Most easily 2

11、不規(guī)則變化 原級 比較級 最高級 goodbetterbest Wellbadbadlyworseworstill old older， elder oldest, eldest much，many more most little less 1east far farther，further farthest/ furthest3As +形容詞或副詞原級 +as(1) 在否定句或疑問句中可用soasas.例如：I cant run as /so fast as you (2) 當asas中間有名詞時，采用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：as+ 形容詞+ a（n）+ 單數(shù)名詞；as+ manymuch + 名詞。例

12、如： This is as good an example as the other is I can carry as much water as you can (3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞作修飾語時，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 (4)倍數(shù) + as + adj. + as=倍數(shù)+the+ n +ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one= This bridge is three times the length of that o

13、ne Your room is twice as large as mine你的房間是我的房間的兩倍大。 =Your room is twice the size of mine 4 注意： (1)要避免重復使用比較級。 誤He is more cleverer than his brother 正He is much clever than his brother (2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 誤China is larger than any country in Asia 正China is larger than any other country in Asia (3)要注意對

14、應原則，遵循前后一致的原則。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing It is easier to make a plan than t0 carry it out (4)要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。比較 Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?比較 She is taller than her two sisters She is the taller of the two sis

15、ters. 5可修飾比較級的詞 (1)a bit, a little，rather，much，far，by far，many，a lot，lots，a great deal，any，still， (2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。 (3)以上詞(除by far)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。 6the+最高級+比較范圍 (1)形容詞最高級前，通常必須用定冠詞the，副詞最高級前可不用。例如： Sahara is the biggest desert in the world撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。most前面如果沒有the,不表示最高級的含義，只表示非常。例如： It

16、 is a most important problem這是個很重要的問題。 =It is a very important problem 注意：使用最高級時，要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。 誤Tom is the tallest of his three brothers 正Tom is the tallest of the three brothers (2)下列詞可修飾最高級：by far，far，much，mostly，almost。例如： This hat is nearlyalmost the biggest這帽子差不多是最大的了。 (3)最高級的意義有時可以用比較級形式表示出來

17、。例如： Mike is the most diligent in his class邁克是班上最勤奮的。 Mike is more diligent than any other student in his class (4)“否定詞語+比較級”，“否定詞語+soas.”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級含義。例如 Nothing is so easy as this沒有比這更簡單的了。 =Nothing is easier than this = This is the easiest thing 7和more有關(guān)的詞組 (1)the morethe more 越就越 例如： The harder y

18、ou work，the greater progress youll make越努力，進步就越大。 (2) more B than A = less A than B 與其說A不如說B 例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work= He is less slow than lazy at his work他工作時，與其說是反應慢，不如說是懶。 (3)no morethan與一樣不 例如： He's no more careful than me他和我一樣，都不小心。 no less than與一樣 例如： He is no less dilige

19、nt than you他和你一樣勤奮。 (4)more than不只是；非常。例如： She is more than kind to us a11她對我們非常熱心。 典型題精練 1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (NMET 2003)A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much2. Our neighbor has _ ours. (2003 Shanghai) A. as a

20、 big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as3. The house rent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying _ here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much4. Many students

21、 signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A. 800-metre-long B. 800-metres-long C. 800 meter length D. 800 metres length5. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,_A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you

22、areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life6. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold so she stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing7.All the people _ at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important8

23、.Boris has brains; In fact, I doubt anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest9.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _,neither of them could swim. A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally10.-I'm very _with my own cooking. It looks nice an

24、d smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased C. pleasant , pleasant D. pleased , pleasant11. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting12. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. (NMET 2001)A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much D. as much an art as13.Amercans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twi