高考復習指導高考英語二輪復習課堂講義專題十定語從句

1、專題十定語從句1. (2014·安徽卷)the exact year _ angela and her family spent together in china was 2008.a. when b. wherec. why d. which2. (2014·北京卷)i borrow the book sherlock holmes from the library last week, _ my classmates recommended to me.a. who b. whichc. when d. where3. (2014·福建卷)students

2、should involve themselves in community activities _ they can gain experience for growth.a. who b. whenc. which d. where4. (2014·江西卷)among the many dangers _sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.a. which b. whatc. where d. when 5. (2014·江西卷)it was the middle of the night

3、 _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.a. that b. asc. which d. when 6. (2014·浙江卷)i don't become a serious climber until the fifth grade, _ i went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.a. when b. wherec. which d. why7. (2014·江蘇卷)the book h

4、as helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression is a must.a. which b. whenc. as d. where8. (2014·湖南卷)i am looking forward to the day _ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.a. as b. why c. when d. where9. (2014·山東卷)a company _ pr

5、ofits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. a. which b. whosec. who d. why 10. (2014·四川卷)until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, _ is quite unexpected.a. that b. whichc. who d. it1. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：angela和她的家人一起在中國度假確切是在2008年。先行詞是the exact year，后面的定

6、語從句angela and her family spent together in china中動詞spent后面缺少賓語，所以使用關系代詞which，在句中作賓語。2. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：上個星期我從圖書館里借了sherlock holmes，這是我的同學推薦給我的。本題考查的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是the book sherlock holmes，在定語從句中which指代先行詞并作為定語從句中的動詞recommend的賓語。3. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：學生應該參與社區(qū)活動，在社區(qū)活動里他們能夠獲得成長的經驗。本題考查定語從句，先行詞是community activi

7、ties，后面的定語從句they can gain experience for growth是主謂賓句子，并且結構很完整，所以使用關系副詞來引導這個定語從句，where在句中相當于in which，充當狀語。when的先行詞通常是表示時間的名詞。4. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：在海員面對的很多危險中，也許最大的危險是霧。本題考查定語從句，先行詞是the many dangers，在定語從句中關系代詞which指代先行詞，在句中作為動詞face的賓語，也可以省略。5. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：我的父親把我叫醒并要我看足球賽的時候是在半夜。本句中的when引導的是一個時間狀語從句。本句容易

8、錯選a項，認為是強調句型，實際上the middle of the night不能單獨作時間狀語，如果在the middle of the night前面加上in，本題就可以選擇a 項了。6. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：直到五年級我才成為一個很認真的攀登者，在那時我登高去拿下一個卡在樹枝上的風箏。本題定語從句的先行詞是the fifth grade，后面定語從句中主謂賓句子結構很完整，所以使用關系副詞來引導定語從句，因為先行詞表示時間，所以使用when。7. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：在日常交流中這本書幫了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本題定語從句的先行詞是work，后面的定語

9、從句的主系表結構很完整，所以使用關系副詞在從句中作狀語，work是模糊化的地點名詞，所以用where引導這個定語從句。8. 【答案】 c【解析】 句意：我一直都在期待著我的女兒能夠閱讀這本書并理解我對她的感情的那一天。本題是一個定語從句，先行詞是the day，后面的定語從句主謂賓結構非常完整，所以使用關系副詞when在句中作時間狀語。9. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：一個利潤來自國內市場的公司，其利潤正在下滑的，也許可以開拓國外市場。本題是一個定語從句，先行詞是a company，后面的定語從句中名詞profits前面缺少定語修飾，所以使用關系代詞whose引導這個定語從句，并在從句中作定語

10、。whose profits相當于the profits of which。10. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：到現在為止，我們已經為貧窮的孩子募捐到了五萬英鎊，這一點是完全沒有預料到的。本句中的關系代詞which指代前面主句的內容，引導非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語。定語從句是高考的重點，也是學生英語學習中的難點。從句中關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇是多年來的主要考點。高考對定語從句的考查熱點有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地點名詞作先行詞時，對where的運用；“介詞 which / whom/whose”；定語從句與其他從句，如名詞性從句、狀語從句的區(qū)別，以及與強調句型的區(qū)別。要點儲備

11、一：定語從句的幾個基本概念作用起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞there was an accident that /which happened at the street corner. (that /which 引導定語從句，從句置于先行詞an accident之后； that/which為關系代詞，在從句中作主語) the reason why he was late for class was that he was caught in the traffic. (why引導定語從句，從句置于先行詞the reason之后； why為關系副詞，在從句中作原因狀語)位置在一個名

12、詞或代詞后面，或被某些狀語分隔先行詞被修飾的名詞或代詞關系詞引導定語從句的詞，分關系代詞與關系副詞。它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間，起連接作用；二是在從句中充當一個成分要點儲備二：關系代詞與關系副詞的具體作用關系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關系代詞who人主語do you know the man who is talking with your mother？whom, which和that在限制性定語從句中作賓語時，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語mr smith is the person with whom i am working.

13、the boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人,物主語i like those books whose topics are about history. the boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that人,物主語，賓語，表語a plane is a machine that can fly. she is the pop star (that) i want to see very much.which物主語，賓語the book (which) i gave you was worth

14、 $10. the picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語，賓語he is such a person as is respected by all of us. this is the same pen as i lost yesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關系副詞when時間時間狀語i will never forget the day when we met there.when可用on /in which代替where地點地點狀語this is the house where i was born.whe

15、re可用in /at which代替why原因原因狀語i can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.why可用for which代替要點儲備三：that與which, who與whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說明例句只用that的情況1. 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時2. 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等詞修飾時3. 先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時4. 先行詞既

16、指人又指物時5. 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時6. 句中已經有who或which時，為了避免重復時the book that you offered has been given out.this is the best film that i have ever read.we talked about the persons and things that we remembered.he is the only man that i want to see.who is the man that is making a speech？只用which, who, wh

17、om，而不用that的情況1. 在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2. 在由“介詞關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人， whose表所屬關系3. 先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用whohe has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.i like the person to whom the teacher is talking.those who respect others are usually respected by

18、 others.要點儲備四：as與which的區(qū)別定語從句區(qū)別例句在限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和the same或as, so修飾時，關系代詞用as, 不能用whichhe is not such a fool as he looks.don't read such books as you can't understand.在非限制性定語從句中關系代詞先行詞含義位置典型句型例句as整個主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可as anybody can see, as is well knownas is known to all, as often happens，as ha

19、s been said above，as is often the casei am patient with my child, which my husband seldom is. she is a fine singer, as her mother used to be. they won the game, as we had expected. they won the game, which we hadn't expected. as is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980swhich1. 先行名詞2.

20、部分主句內容3. 整個主句1. 相當于先行詞2. 這一點( and that)只能在先行詞之后從句為否定含義時，關系代詞只能用which要點儲備五：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句1. 對先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開2. 關系代詞作從句賓語時，可省略the accident happened at the time when i left.the book(that/which) he lent to me was missing.非限制性定語從句1. 對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句

21、的關系不十分密切，較松散。2. 從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當于一個插入語，不能用that, why引導；任何關系代詞或副詞都不能省略3. 非限制性定語從句的適用情形：(1) 獨一無二的詞作先行詞(2) 從句中表部分信息或包括所有時，如：., some/any/most/30%/one/all/none of which/whom.his mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.he has three sons, none of whom is a doctor.he fell ill suddenly, for which he d

22、idn't attend the meeting yesterday.he went to beijing in 2003, where he became famous after seven years.重點突破七注意1 when, where與that/which的選用(1) 當先行詞是stay, period, interval, time, age, occasion等，從句中缺狀語時，用when (2) 先行詞是spot，sport，family，the internet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地點名詞，從句中

23、缺狀語時，用where(先行詞是stage，可用where或when引導) (3) 從句中缺主語賓語時，用that/whichthe old man will never forget his stay there when he found his missing son. she brought the police to the same spot where she witnessed the accident. their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.

24、she put forward some conditions that/which she attached to the contract.2從句中謂語動詞的數當關系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞的數與先行詞保持一致tom was one of the_boys who were_praised by the headmaster yesterday.tom was the(only)_one of the boys who was_praised by the headmaster yesterday.i,_who am your teacher, will try to hel

25、p you.3“介詞關系代詞”中介詞的選擇及其關系詞的選擇介詞(1) 關系代詞不能省略(2) 介詞的選用與從句中謂語動詞有關或與先行詞有關或與整句語境有關(3) 此結構引導的定語從句可與“此結構 不定式”互換in the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help)tom, in whose car i went to the station, is my good friend.recently i bought an ancient

26、vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.he has no money with which he can buy food. he has no money with which to buy food. he has no money which to buy food with.4分隔定語從句(同位語從句)分隔定語從句與先行詞之間被同位語、狀語、謂語等成分分開(解題關鍵：移開分隔部分，找準先行詞)i've become good friends with several of the students i

27、n my school who i met in the english speech contest last year.(定語從句)the news came that our team won the match. (同位語從句)5特殊引導結構from where during which time in which case since when (定語從句中用現在完成時) by when(定語從句中用完成時)he stood before the window, from where he watched his students playing football.he was bo

28、rn in world war ， during which time thousands of millions of people were killed.he may not come, in which case we will go there without him.he went to the city in 2004, since when he has made great process in his career.they settled in seatle last year, by when she had obtained a master's degree

29、 in economics.6從句中關系代詞與關系副詞的選擇(1) 定語從句中缺狀語時，用關系副詞when, where, why；從句中缺主語、賓語時用關系代詞that, which(2) the way作先行詞時，從句中缺狀語時用that, in which或不用任何關系詞this is just the same pen that i lost yesterday.he returned to the same place where he had found his watch.the way (that/ in which ) he handled the problem was s

30、imple.the way (that/ which) he thought of to handle the problem was simple.7與其他從句以及并列句的區(qū)別與結果狀語從句的區(qū)別this is such a heavy bag as i can't carry.this is such a heavy bag that i can't carry it.與并列句或獨立主格結構的區(qū)別there are two holes, each of which was made by mice. there are two holes, each of them mad

31、e by mice. there are two holes, and each of them was made by mice.my friend mary may be ill, in which case i will visit her. my friend mary may be ill, and in that case i will visit her. my friend mary may be ill; in that case i will visit her.與名詞性從句的區(qū)別as is known to all, the compass was first made

32、in china.it is known to all that the compass was first made in china.what is known to all is that the compass was first made in china.與強調句型的區(qū)別it was at 7 o'clock pm.that he came back.(強調句型)it was 7 o'clock pm.when he came back.(定語從句)1. she suggests another approach, one，i think, _ suits us b

33、etter.a. that b. where c. which d. who 2. jim's mother doesn't push too hard on him, _ really benefit a lot from her relaxed attitude.a. which b. what c. that d. who3. with the development of agriculture, the people _ village i taught are now living a happy life.a. in whose b. whose c. in wh

34、ich d. which4. naturally a smile _ the eyes participate is extremely communicative.a. to which b. in which c. at which d. with which5. what sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, but the pursuit of meaning, _ is unique to humans.a. that b. what c. which d. as6. in sout

35、h africa, english is the language _ black parents wish their children to be educated.a. for which b. thatc. in which d. when 7. where did you have the discussion with professor snow? it was in the classroom _ we had a biology lesson yesterday.a. which b. when c. that d. where8. how are things going,

36、 janet? they have set out to deal with the present situation _ they think deserves their immediate attention.a. which b. where c. when d. what9. the camera you mentioned is of high quality, but it is _ expensive a camera _ i can't afford. a. so; that b. so; asc. too; that d. too; as10. global wa

37、rming has become a serious problem, _ we must find solutions.a. from which b. to whichc. with which d. in which 11. _ is often the case with elder people, my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 30 minutes.a. what b. which c. as d. it12. when deeply lost in thought, _ he often was, he

38、would forget all about eating or sleeping.a. that b. where c. which d. when13. henry made a list of all the possible solutions, _ seemed helpful in handling the present situation, though. a. none of them b. none of whichc. all of which d. all of them14. from this year, reforms will be pushed through

39、 in some test areas, _ the government will set grain prices based more on the market.a. where b. which c. that d. why15. i don't like any humor in this serious speech because i can't think of any circumstance _ this would be beneficial or useful.a. which b. whether c. where d. as1. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：她提出了另一個途徑，一個我認為較適合我的途徑。i think是插入語；that作定語從句中的主語，先行詞為不定代詞，不用關系代詞which。2. 【答案】 d【解析】 句意：jim的媽媽對他不是過分嚴格，從她的寬松態(tài)度中他真正獲益良多。從句先行詞是him, 指人用who不用which。3. 【答案】 a【解析】 句意：隨著農業(yè)的發(fā)展，我曾教過書的那個村莊的人們正過著幸福的日子。此處，whose在從句中作定語，in whose village in the people's village。4. 【答案】 b【解析】 句意：自然地