外研版八年級(jí)上module3

1、 MODULE3本單元需要掌握的單詞：Earth, Mars, already, just, model, station, panic, latest, several, month, discover, recently, show, over, planet, solar, also, none, environment, air, grow, part, galaxy, billion, universe, light, beyond, alone, entrance, cost, prefer, diary, even, Jupiter, secret, real, twice, e

2、xplore, mission, unmanned.二、重點(diǎn)單詞短語(yǔ)講解1. millions of + n. “數(shù)百萬(wàn)的”(two) million + n. “(兩)百萬(wàn)”There are _ (million / millions )of people in Shanghai.The Big Library has got two _ (million / millions ) books.Our Earth is _ years old. A. five million of B. millions of C. five millions hundreds of / thousand

3、s of + n. two hundred / thousand + n.2. go around “繞著運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)” around (prep.) = round The Earth goes around the Sun. He runs around the playground every day.3. more than = over “超過(guò), 多于” More than 200 people from Dongsi are learning English. My grandpa is over 70 years old.( 改為同義句） My grandpa is _ _ 70 yea

4、rs old.4.Dont panic! 別緊張！panic 在這里是動(dòng)詞，意思是“（使）惶恐”。例如：Dont panic! Weve got plenty of time.panic 還可以表示名詞，表示“恐慌，驚恐，驚慌”。In panic 驚恐的例如：She got into a panic when the fire started.5already adv. 已經(jīng)，早已(尤與動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)e.g.Ive already seen that film, so Id rather see another one.我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了，所以還是看部別的吧。Have your chil

5、dren started school already?你的孩子們已經(jīng)上學(xué)了？注意：yet和already均用于表示到某時(shí)或某時(shí)前可能完成的動(dòng)作，兩者多與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。yet只用于否定式的陳述句及疑問句中；already強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，常與肯定的陳述句連用，already也可以用在疑問句中，多用來(lái)表示驚奇。e.g.I am not ready yet.我還沒準(zhǔn)備好呢。Are you out of bed yet?你已經(jīng)起床了嗎？Have you finished lunch already?你已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了嗎？6just adv. 剛剛，剛才e.g.I have just seen John.

6、 我剛才見到約翰了。7. explore v. 勘探；探測(cè)As soon as they arrived in the town they went out to explore. 他們一到這座城鎮(zhèn)就出外查看周圍環(huán)境。We explored several solutions to the problem. 我們探討了幾種解決該問題的方法。8. several adj. 幾個(gè)的，數(shù)個(gè)的（三個(gè)以上）e.g.Several letters arrived this morning.今天上午來(lái)了幾封信。Several of you need to work harder.你們有幾個(gè)人還需要努力。9r

7、ecently adv. 最近He has been to Beijing recently.他最近去過(guò)北京。10also adv. 也，同樣；而且（不與否定式動(dòng)詞連用）e.g.She speaks French and German and also a little Russian.她會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)、德語(yǔ)，還會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)兒俄語(yǔ)。He is young and good-looking, and also very rich.他又年輕又漂亮，而且還很富有。I teach five days a week and I also teach evening classes.我每星期教五天，而且還教晚上的課

8、。比較：also/too/as wellalso, too, as well都指句中有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)與前面提到的事物相結(jié)合或相一致，這三個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同。also含較莊重色彩，通常用于主要?jiǎng)釉~之前（但若主要?jiǎng)釉~為be，則放于其后）e.g.Ive met Jane and Ive also met her mother.我已見到簡(jiǎn)，我也見到了她的母親。She was rich, and she was also selfish.她很富，她也很自私。too和as well比較通俗，通常用于從句的句尾。e.g.Ive read the book and Ive seen the fil

9、m as well/too.我看過(guò)這本書，也看過(guò)這部電影。三、詞語(yǔ)辨析1. discover invent find find out1）discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，表示“偶然”或“經(jīng)過(guò)努力”發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀存在的事物、真理或錯(cuò)誤，即指發(fā)現(xiàn)原來(lái)客觀存在但不為人所知的事物，也可表示發(fā)現(xiàn)已為人所知的事物的新的性質(zhì)或用途。We soon discovered the truth 我們很快就弄清了真相。2) invent意為“發(fā)明”，指通過(guò)勞動(dòng)運(yùn)用聰明才智“發(fā)明創(chuàng)造”出以前從未存在過(guò)的新事物。Who invented the telephone？ 是誰(shuí)發(fā)明電話的？3) find意為“找到、發(fā)現(xiàn)”，指找到或發(fā)

10、現(xiàn)自己所需要的東西或丟失的東西，著重指找到的結(jié)果。We've found oil under the South Sea我們已在南海發(fā)現(xiàn)了石油。4)find out指經(jīng)過(guò)研究或詢問查明某事或真相。I've found you out at last.我終于把你揭露了。Please find out when the ship sails for New York.請(qǐng)打聽一下那艘船什么時(shí)候開往紐約。鞏固訓(xùn)練：1) Columbus _ America in1492哥倫布1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。2) Please _what time the delegation will come

11、. 請(qǐng)查一查代表團(tuán)什么時(shí)候來(lái)3) They finally _ a way 他們終于找到了辦法。4) He _ a new teaching method他發(fā)明了一種新的教學(xué)方法。2. alone lonelyalone和lonely是一對(duì)同義詞，但它們的意義和用法有所不同1) alone既可用作形容詞，又可用作副詞，意為“獨(dú)自的（地）、單獨(dú)的（地）”，側(cè)重于說(shuō)明獨(dú)自一人，沒有同伴或助手，指的是客觀情況。 alone用作形容詞時(shí)，一般與be動(dòng)詞連用，在句中作表語(yǔ)。例如：She is alone at home. （她獨(dú)自一人在家。） alone用作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在動(dòng)詞后面作狀語(yǔ)。例如：

12、I like to work alone. （我喜歡獨(dú)自一人工作。）2) lonely只用作形容詞，它在句中既可作定語(yǔ)，也可作表語(yǔ)，表示“孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的”意思。該詞帶有濃厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含義，其比較級(jí)形式為lonelier。lonely用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“孤單的，無(wú)伴侶的，無(wú)人煙的，荒涼的，偏僻的”等。例如：At heart, Im a lonely man. （內(nèi)心深處我很孤獨(dú)。）lonely 用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意思。例如：We never feel lonely in Shanghai. （在上海我們從不感到孤獨(dú)。）鞏固訓(xùn)練：1) He is not

13、_ in this idea. 有這種想法的不只是他一個(gè)人。2)老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，韓梅正獨(dú)自一人在看書。3) Thats a _ island.那是一個(gè)荒涼的島嶼。4) 我獨(dú)自一人，但我并不感到孤獨(dú)。3. spend cost take pay for1) spend的主語(yǔ)必須是人， 常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) spend time money on sth. 在上花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）。例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 這道數(shù)學(xué)題花了我兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事。例：The

14、y spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時(shí)間。(3)spend money for sth. 花錢買。例：His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來(lái)買書了。 2) cost的主語(yǔ)是物或某種活動(dòng)， 還可以表示“值”， 常見用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.) 金錢,某物花了（某人）多少錢。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺(tái)新電腦要花一大筆錢。(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 時(shí)間,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少時(shí)

15、間。例：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時(shí)間才記住了這些單詞。 注意：cost的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動(dòng)句。 3) take后面常跟雙賓語(yǔ)， 常見用法有以下幾種：(1) It takes sb. 時(shí)間to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他們用了三年時(shí)間修完了這條路。(2)doing sth. takes sb. 時(shí)間,做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。例：Repairing this car too

16、k him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。 4)pay的基本用法是：(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢（給某人）買。例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個(gè)月要付20英磅的房租。(2)pay for sth. 付的錢。例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不賠丟失的書款。(3)pay for sb. 替某人付錢。例：Dont worry! I'll pay for you. 別擔(dān)心， 我會(huì)給你付錢的。鞏固訓(xùn)練：(

17、1)我花50元買了這件大衣。 (2) 畫這些漂亮的馬花費(fèi)了我3年時(shí)間。 (3)你付他多少錢？ 4.late later latter latest 1)late adj. & adv. 遲，遲的，晚的，晚期，在晚期。如： He is never late for school. 他上學(xué)從不遲到。請(qǐng)記住以下幾種搭配：in the late afternoon 傍晚，在下午較晚的時(shí)候in the late 1990s / 1990s 在二十世紀(jì)九十年代末work late /far/deep into the night 工作至深夜late in autumn 深秋2). later ad

18、j. & adv. 為late比較級(jí)，意指較遲，較晚一些。如：Two hours later, the ship sank. 兩小時(shí)后，輪船沉沒了。See you later! 再見！要記住以下幾個(gè)固定搭配：sooner or later 遲早（early or late）no later than不遲于later on以后，后來(lái)。如：另外，later還可用作狀語(yǔ)，表示“后來(lái)”之意。如：Later he became a general. 后來(lái)他當(dāng)上了將軍。3)latter adj. 意思是指（兩者中）后者的，后者，反義詞是former，（兩者中）前者。注意，不要把latter與lat

19、e的比較級(jí)later混淆。如：Of the two the latter is far better than the former. 兩者中后者遠(yuǎn)比前者好。4)latest adj. & adv. 為late的最高級(jí)。意思是最新、最近或最遲。如：A British car company was about to sell its latest type of car in Germany. 一家英國(guó)汽車公司正要在德國(guó)出售其最新型的汽車。鞏固訓(xùn)練：1).The train was 10 minutes _. 火車晚點(diǎn)十分鐘。2).The radio is broadcasting _

20、 news about the man-made satellite. 電臺(tái)正在播送有關(guān)人造衛(wèi)星的最新消息。3).The problem will be solved _. 這個(gè)問題遲早會(huì)解決。4).Lets discuss the question _. 讓我們以后再討論這個(gè)問題吧。5).He is to arrive at _ 10 p.m. 他最遲不過(guò)晚上十點(diǎn)趕到。6).Did he walk or swim? _ seems unlikely. 他走路還是游泳？后者好像不太可能。重點(diǎn)句式prefer doing to doing 寧愿而不愿prefer to do sth 更喜歡pre

21、fer sth to sth 比起更喜歡Many people prefer to live in the country.= Many people prefer living in the country to living in the city.= Many people prefer the country life to the city life.類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：prefer to do rather than dowould rather do than do would do rather than do訓(xùn)練：和貓比起來(lái)，我更喜歡狗。 晚飯后，他寧愿呆在家里看電視也不出去散步。

22、課后作業(yè)學(xué)生姓名:_ 家長(zhǎng)簽字：_ 一、根據(jù)句意和提示完成句子。1.Has it reached (火星) yet?2.The journey has taken (數(shù)月).3.We havent found life on other (行星)yet.4.The sun and its planet are called (太陽(yáng)系).5.Its an (不載人的) mission.6.The (宇航員) have discovered many interesting things.7.The v(信息) has been around the country about three yea

23、rs.二、用方框里適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)完成句子。hear aboutmillions oftry doing sth.go aroundmore thansend sb.(a)message(s)try to do sth.1.I havent seen Tom for a long time,so I him .2.The earth is a planet and it t he sun.3.There has been life on earth for years.4.There is one galaxy.5.They have send information to us.6.Tom,Ive

24、 just heard that scientists have sent a spacecraft to Mars.Really?I havent this yet.三、從方框中選出適當(dāng)?shù)木渥友a(bǔ)全對(duì)話。Jack:1Lucy:I have been to the bookstore.Look,I bought a book.Jack:What is its name?Lucy:“Journey to Mars”.2Jack:No,I havent read it before.Do you mind lending it to me?Lucy:3Jack:Thank you!Lucy:4A.O

25、f course not.Here you are.B.Have you read this book before?C.Not at all.D.Where have you been?四、單項(xiàng)填空1.Both his parents look sad.Maybe they whats happened to him.A.knewB.have knownC.must knowD.will know2.These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When there?A.will they go B.did they goC.do t

26、hey go D.have they gone 3. you your homework yet?Yes.I it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish4.Miss Green isnt in the office.She to the library.A.has gone B.went C.will go D.has been5.My parents Shandong for ten years.A.have been in B.have be

27、en toC.have gone to D.have been6.It ten years since he left the army.A.is B.has C.will D.was五、根據(jù)括號(hào)中的要求改寫下列句子。1.He is going to Shanghai.(用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)) 2.I heard about the news about the space travel.(改為同義句) 3.Scientists have found life on other planets.(改為否定句) 4.They havent been to Mars.(用yet) 5.The spacecraft has reached the moon.(用just) 6.Many astronauts have visited the space station.(用already) 答案：一.1.Mars2.several months3.planets4.solar system5.unmanned6.astronauts,recently7.message 二、1.send,a message2.go