高中英語動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)講解與練習(xí)

1、 動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞a.動(dòng)詞后要求有賓語，否則意思不完整的動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞可有被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。She studies English very hard.I always review my lessons in the evening.b. 及物動(dòng)詞的另兩種結(jié)構(gòu)及物動(dòng)詞中有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞要求一個(gè)賓語（直接賓語）外，還要求有一個(gè)賓語（間接賓語），才使句意完整。這類動(dòng)詞有：leave, show, bring, lend, teach, give, tell, hand, write等。Ill tell you a story about Leifeng. 還有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞要求一個(gè)賓語外，還要求有一個(gè)

2、補(bǔ)足語來使句意完整。這類動(dòng)詞有：name, call, get, have, find, turn, think, consider等。They call him Lao Wang.2) 不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞指不可帶賓語的動(dòng)詞，也不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。The sun rises in the east.He came last month.They go to school every day.3)連系動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞只起連系作用，雖有詞義但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，后必須加表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有： appear, become, fall, feel, get, go, grow, keep, l

3、ook, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。She felt a bit tired.He kept silent at the meeting. 注：連系動(dòng)詞不可與副詞連用。時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作等。常與everyday, often, always, once a week, seldom, usually等連用。She is our teacher of English.真理和事實(shí)。Light travels faster than sound.有計(jì)劃的動(dòng)作，常用go, come, start, leave, arriv

4、e, return等動(dòng)詞。I leave for Beijing next Monday.代替一般將來時(shí)，在由when, if, before, as soon as, unless等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間，條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。When I grow up I shall be a soldier.動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，用在由here, there等開首的句子中，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生。There goes the bell.表示主語的習(xí)慣特征，性格，能力等。He studies very hard.一般的說明文字等。The book says that women can live longe

5、r than men.2）一般過去時(shí)表示過去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和明確的時(shí)間狀語連用。She went out just now.I saw him yesterday.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Last month she worked eleven hours every day.He used to get up early.3)一般將來時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。I shall not be free tonight.表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We will go for an outing every other week.表示將來動(dòng)作的其他形式be going t

6、o+ 動(dòng)詞原形be to+動(dòng)詞原形be about(around/sure/certain/due/bound) to+動(dòng)詞原形4)過去將來時(shí)表示在過去將來的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2 / 8I didnt expect that so many people would offer their help.也可用was/were to+動(dòng)詞原形或was/were about to+動(dòng)詞原形或was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形表示過去將來時(shí)。I was about to leave when the telephone rang.5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。What ar

7、e you doing now?表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.She is leaving tomorrow.表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.More and more people are giving up smoking.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常表示不滿,抱怨,贊賞等.She is always finding fault with others.6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1. 過去某一時(shí)刻在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作經(jīng)常需要表示過去的時(shí)間狀語This time yesterday, they were having lunch.2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)配合，互為時(shí)間背景I was writing a letter w

8、hen he came.The telephone rang while she was washing.3.過去反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常同always, frequently, continually等連用They were frequently going there.)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常表示安排好的事They will be discussing the problem this time next week.表示預(yù)料不久要發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作The train will not be leaving until one oclock.8)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作剛剛完成.I

9、 have finished that work.表示過去做的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響.Who has opened the door?表示過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能會(huì)延續(xù)下去.He has worked in the company since he came to the city.9)過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作By the end of 2002,the factory had produces 200000cars.表示在過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作The old man had been ill for a long time b

10、efore he died in 2002.注：當(dāng)含有由before, after, as soon as等引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，由于連詞本身可以明確表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的順序，故主句和從句一般都用一般過去時(shí)I went home after I finished my work.過去完成時(shí)常用于no sooner than和hardly, scarcelywhen等句型，從句用一般過去時(shí)He had hardly got on the train when the train started out.10)將來完成時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻或某一行為發(fā)生之前所完成的動(dòng)作或這一動(dòng)作仍在持續(xù)常和by或by the t

11、ime等連用By the end of this term, we shall have learned 18 lessons.）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過去某時(shí)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作It has been snowing since last Sunday.重復(fù)的動(dòng)作表示感情色彩Shes been saying that twenty times.已結(jié)束的動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生的影響You have been cleaning the classroom, I think.）過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)以前一直進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作這一動(dòng)作可能在這一時(shí)間前剛結(jié)束或仍在進(jìn)行.No one knew what this

12、 dad egg had been doing all this years.ExerciseTests from NMET1. -where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. -I _ it right here, but now its gone.A. did you put; have put B. have you put; putC. had you put; have put D. were you putting; have put2. -When _ again? -When he _, Ill let you know.A. he

13、 comes; come B. will he come; will comeC. havent known; are D. will he come; comes3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying4. Come in, Peter. I want to show you something.-Oh

14、, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. had been broken into; stolen5. The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has bee

15、n broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen6. We could have walked to the station. It was so near. - Yes, taxi _ at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. serves D. served7. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not

16、kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. was slipping; looked 8. The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; pickedC. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking9. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is serving B

17、. is served C. serves D. served10. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lostC. think; had lost D. had they known; got11. Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 9568442.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant12. Helen _her keys in the office so she

18、had to wait until her husband _home.A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left; would come13. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out14. They _ the train until it disappeared in distance.A.

19、 saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed15. - Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to- Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont16. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached.A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have br

20、oken in D. have broken upKEY:15: BDABD 610:AADBB 1116:ADDBDA Multiple choices:1. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have hears from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written2. Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

21、3. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market,_ some bananas anf visited her cousin.A. bought B. Buying C. to buy D. buy4. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. Rains C. rained D. is raining5. -We havent heard of Jane for a long a time. -What do you suppose _to her?A

22、. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened6. -Do you know our town at all? -No, its the first time I _ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming7. - You havent said a word about my new coat, do you like it? - Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pret

23、ty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say8. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ officer soon.A. leave B. would leave C. left D. had left9. I _ pingpong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play10.

24、 He will have learned English for eight year by the time he _from the university next year.A. will graduate B. will have graduatedC. graduates D. is to graduate11. Tom _ back from France. Yesterday he _ about it.A. just comes; told B. has just come; told meC. came just; was told me D. just has come;

25、 was telling12. He said, “_ much sand in the south of France.”A. There arent B. It isntC. It wasnt D. There isnt13. You shall have some ice-cream when you _ you dinner.A. finished B. finishC. will finish D. will be finished14. Thomas could fix your car. That _ you quite a lot of money.A. saved B. ha

26、s savedC. would save D. was saving15. “Come back at 5 oclock,” he said, “Ive already _.”A. will be done B. has been doneC. is being done D. was being done16. Maria hasnt visited her home in Spain _.A. for many years B. since many yearsC. many years since D. many years ago17. When _ the car, youll ag

27、ree with me about it.A. you saw B. youve seenC. you would see D. has been seen18. By next Saturday Tom _ a whole month without smoking a cigar.A. will go B. will have gone C. has gone D. has been going19. By the time he reached the dentist, the pain in his tooth _.A. stopped B. had stoppedC. Has sto

28、pped D. as been stopped20. The old man _ for three days when his son got back home.A. has been dead B. had been dead C. died D. had diedKEY:15: ACABC 610:BDBDC 1115:BDBCA 1620:ABBBBFill in the blanks:1. Much of the carbon in the earth _ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream.3. Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.4. _ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.5. In 1991, afte