第三小組集體作業(yè)突破現(xiàn)在完成時妙招

1、所在坊名稱初中英語1坊 學(xué)科I學(xué)段英語初中所在小組名稱本組成員針對的重難點問題名稱突破現(xiàn)在完成時-妙招英語第三小組教材版本章節(jié)滬教牛津版八年級上Unit6妙招正文語法教學(xué)過程是枯燥的，如何進(jìn)行生動的英語語法教學(xué)，是我們學(xué)好這節(jié)課的關(guān)鍵。 下面以具體方法為例，教授現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，。1. 用時間軸。教師在黑板上畫時間軸，如下圖所示，此方法用得比較多。I have see n her.PASTNOWFUTURE2. 用閱讀文章。給學(xué)生提供一篇以現(xiàn)在完成時為主的短文，讓其閱讀后完成true or false題或填空題，對時態(tài)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行鞏固。3. 用圖片。教師向?qū)W生展示兩幅圖片：一幅過去時間，一幅現(xiàn)在時間，

2、指出兩幅圖片的差別（用一 般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時分別作句子）。然后兩人一組進(jìn)行造句練習(xí)。教師總結(jié)句子，改正學(xué)生的錯誤。學(xué)生重復(fù)做過的句子，老師板書，指出完成時的謂語構(gòu)成及何時使用一動作 發(fā)生在過去，但我們不確定它的具體時間。4. 用實物。教師向?qū)W生展示一些物品：書包、書、粉筆、杯子然后讓學(xué)生閉上眼睛片刻，迅速的拿走某些物品。提問學(xué)生：What have I moved?鼓勵學(xué)生完整回答，比如： You have moved the books.接下來可以讓學(xué)生把句子寫到黑板上，反復(fù)操練。5. 用個人信息。教師在黑板寫下五個人的名字。關(guān)于每個人寫下一句話，如： My son has just st

3、arted school. Mary has just gone to Greece on holiday. 讓學(xué)生留意 just 的用 法一當(dāng)我們用just的時候，動作就發(fā)生在離現(xiàn)在不遠(yuǎn)的過去，具體時間未知。要求學(xué)生寫 下自己生活中的五個人，用現(xiàn)在完成時造句子。6 直接講解。教師在黑板上寫出現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，然后直接講解用法。如：I have bee n to America. She has lived here for 5 years.此方法我們用得比較多 ，就不多說了。7 .實踐與展示。即所謂的替換練習(xí)，學(xué)生兩人一組，進(jìn)行對話練習(xí)，課本上此法較多， NEW CONCEPT ENGL

4、ISH新概念英語）提倡此法。然后教師從中選出問題提問學(xué)生。此方 法的目的是讓學(xué)生反復(fù)練習(xí)，達(dá)到熟練掌握。8. 發(fā)現(xiàn)。學(xué)生閱讀曾學(xué)過的一篇短文，判斷給出的句子正確與否，主要可針對主謂一致進(jìn)行練習(xí)，女口： The children has understand Miss Honey 's speech about Mrs.Tr un chbull. Maltida have begu n school a bit late. 然后讓學(xué)生自己填表格9、學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)。教師告訴學(xué)生今早她都干了什么，如：I' ve had my breakfast. I 've said good

5、bye to my children. I ' ve drunk two cups of coffee. I ' ve driven to school. 教師把 What have you done this morning?寫在黑板上，然后個別提問，總結(jié)出現(xiàn)在完成時，若有錯 簡單更正。教師指出現(xiàn)在完成時被用作過去不具體的時間，如果一個事件發(fā)生在過去，沒有提及時間，經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在完成時?？傊F(xiàn)在完成時教學(xué)方法很多，怎么能讓學(xué)生學(xué)得輕松就采取哪一種。如用兩種語 言的時態(tài)進(jìn)行比較教學(xué)，指出它們用法和形式的不同。附：現(xiàn)在完成時講解與練習(xí)一、時態(tài)講解：現(xiàn)在完成時用法：1） 現(xiàn)在完成時通常

6、表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動作 或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強調(diào)的是 該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的 結(jié)果或影響。My daughter has just go ne out. 我女兒剛出去。I ' m sure we ' ve met be我肯定我們以前見過面。She has arrived.她到了。2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，女口 recently, already, just, lately, for,sin（yet 等,女口：I haven ' t heard from her these days這些日子我沒有收到她的信。We ha

7、ven ' t seen you recently.最近我們沒有見到你。They have bee n away for two years.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。She has bee n with us since Mon day.注意：a） si nee和for的區(qū)別si nee 后接時間點，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段時間，表示長達(dá)多久”，女口 ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise:用 since 禾口 for 填空1. Jim has bee n in

8、Irela ndMon day.2. Jill has bee n in Irela ndthree days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia15 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has bee n there7 o'clock.5. In dia has bee n an in depe ndent country1974.6. The bus is late. They've bee n wait ing20 minu tes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. The

9、y have bee n emptymany years.8. Mike has bee n illa long time. He has bee n in hospitalOctober.2）表示短暫意義的動詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，因為它們表示的動作不可能持續(xù)。因此，不能說：He has come here for 2 weeks. xThe old man has died for 4 mon ths.xThey have left only for 5 minu tes.

10、x以上三句話可以改為：He has bee n here for 2 weeks.The old man hasfor 4 mon ths.They haveonly for 5 minu tes2) have (has) been 和 have (has) gone 的區(qū)別：表示 曾到過某地"要用 “ have (has) been 表 示 已經(jīng)去某地"要用“ have (has) gone。試比較：Where has he bee n? 他剛才到哪里去了？(已經(jīng)回來了)Where has he gone? 他上哪兒去了？(人不在)They have been to Ca

11、n ada.他們到過加拿大。(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在加拿大)They have gone to Ca nada.他們到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大)3) 現(xiàn)在完成時不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in,但可以禾口 already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等連用。例如：She has already come. 她已經(jīng)來了。

12、I haven ' t read it yet我還沒讀過這個。I have met him before.我從前曾見過他。Ma Hong has always bee n a good stude nt.馬紅一直是個好學(xué)生。I have ofte n see n him in the street.我經(jīng)常在街上看見他。They have n ever bee n to Yan他們從未去過延安。I have n't seen him lately.我近來沒看到他。二.練習(xí)1. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1.1already(s

13、ee) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(fin ish) his work today? Not yet.3. My fatherjust(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li Mi ng ? He(go)to the teacher'soffice.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How longthe Wangs(stay

14、) here ? For two weeks.8. Ijust(fin ish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10. you(find) your scie nee book yet?11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The stude nts(read) En glish whe n the teacher came in.13. Look! The mon key(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to se

15、e me n ext Sun day.15. I've lost my pen.you(see) it any where?II. Choose the best answer.1. How long have youhere?C. arrivedD. bee nB. for 2 yearsD. my age was 6.A. comeB. got2. My gran dpa died.A. at the age of my 2C. whe n I was 2.3.4.Jane hasA.beenIt is ten yearsA. afterto BeiJi ng. She willB

16、.goneI last saw her.B. sincecome back tomorrow.C. we ntD. never beenD. thatC.for5.-Who will go to the stati on to meet Lorry?-I will. Iher several times.A. metB. have metC.had metD. will meet6.-What a nice dress! How longyouit?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyC. are, havi ngD. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well?-Yes, She and Ifriends si nee we were very young.A. have made B. have become C. have bee n D. have turned8. The Smithsin China for 8 years.A. has livedB.