英文合同的用詞特點(diǎn)D

1、英文合同的用詞特點(diǎn)!時間: 2008年04月15日 來源:本站原創(chuàng) 作者: 潤馳 瀏覽次數(shù): 作為正式法律文件，英語合同在用詞方面極其考究，要求選詞專業(yè)（professional）,正式（formal）,準(zhǔn)確（accuracy）。具體體現(xiàn)如下：1專業(yè)性術(shù)語（Technical Terms/ Terminology）法律專業(yè)性術(shù)語是在合同等法律文件中才用到的詞匯，它并不以一般受眾為對象，而針對專業(yè)人士，力求使語言表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確無誤。中文合同中常見的諸如“瑕疵”（defect）、“救濟(jì)”（remedy）、“不可抗力”（force Majeure）、“管轄”(jurisdiction)等專業(yè)用詞就已經(jīng)讓非

2、專業(yè)人士大惑不解了，英文合同的專業(yè)用詞自然就更玄妙無比了。具體的實(shí)例如下：l Without prejudice to the parties' rights under Clause 18. 1, the indemnities provided for in Clausel6. 1 and/or 16. 2 and/or 16. 3 shall be the sole compensation for the damages caused by such delays.不妨害18.1款雙方的權(quán)利，16.1,16.2及16.3款規(guī)定的賠償應(yīng)為上述延誤引起損害的唯一賠償金。indemn

3、ities較compensation專業(yè)，此處用compensation解釋了indemnities；l Any such assignment, transfer or conveyance shall be without other consideration than the mutual covenants and considerations of this agreement.任何轉(zhuǎn)讓除根據(jù)本協(xié)議相互契約和對價外不得考慮其他。Transfer，assignment和conveyance都有轉(zhuǎn)讓的含義，其中assignment和conveyance（多用于不動產(chǎn)）尤為專業(yè)。l We

4、 advise you of our intention to terminate our tenancy on or before _ (Date) and to deliver to you full possession of the premises。我方不遲于某日期通知你方終止租約并交還房屋全部所有。tenancy指房屋租賃的租約，而premises指租賃的房屋及其附屬物都是專業(yè)用語。l Licensee agrees to pay to Licensor a minimum royalty of_ Dollars ($_) as a minimum guarantee agains

5、t royalties to be paid to Licensor during the first contract term, said minimum royalty to be paid on or before the last day of the initial term hereto. 受許可方同意支付許可方最低使用費(fèi)*美元作為該許可合同第一期使用費(fèi)的最低保證金，該最低使用費(fèi)不遲于本合同的入門期最后一天支付給許可方。Royalties在許可合同中專指特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)。l Price of the Contract shall be calculated on Royalty in

6、 accordance with the content and scope stipulated in Article 2 to the Contract and shall be paid in_.按照第二條規(guī)定的內(nèi)容和范圍。本合同采用提成方式計算價格，計價的貨幣為。與上例不同的是，這里的royalty指的是許可合同計價方式的一種即提成計價(royalty price),相對于統(tǒng)包價格（lumpsum price）l Default in observing or performing any of the covenants or agreements of debtor set for

7、th in any collateral document of security given to secure indebtedness hereunder, and the continuation of such default beyond any period of grace specified in any such document.借款人未能履行契約或附帶的擔(dān)保文件列明的協(xié)議，以及該違約的持續(xù)超過上述文件規(guī)定的寬限期。在借款合同中g(shù)race專指寬限期，而不是普通英語的其他意思。l Furthermore, the parties agree that the followi

8、ng situations shall be considered as exceptional circumstances which justify the earlier termination by the other party: bankruptcy, moratorium, receivership, liquidation or any kind of composition between the debtor and the creditors, or any circumstances which are likely to affect substantially on

9、e party's ability to carry out his obligations under this contract。此外，雙方同意以下條件應(yīng)認(rèn)為是對方合理提前終止合同的例外情形：破產(chǎn)、延付令、破產(chǎn)在管、清算或其他債權(quán)人和債務(wù)人任何形式的和解，或任何可能對一方履行合同項(xiàng)下義務(wù)能力造成實(shí)質(zhì)影響的情形。此處的composition顯然不是普通英語中“作文”的意思，而是指破產(chǎn)和解。l In addition, upon request of the Board and if the Liquidating Trustee determines that it would be

10、 imprudent to dispose of any non-cash assets of the Company, such assets may be distributed in kind to the Members in lieu of cash, proportionately to their right to receive cash distributions hereunder.另外，應(yīng)董事會請求且如果清算托管人確定處理本公司非現(xiàn)金財產(chǎn)非明智之舉，該財產(chǎn)可按各成員根據(jù)合同項(xiàng)下收取現(xiàn)金份額的權(quán)利以實(shí)物形式替代現(xiàn)金進(jìn)行分配。In kind 此處與in cash 相對，通常用

11、于合資、合伙協(xié)議中表示“以實(shí)物出資”，本句中是以實(shí)物分配清算。In lieu of 表示替代相當(dāng)于基礎(chǔ)英語中的instead of。l The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in Clause Three of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any p

12、art of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.買方須于銷售確認(rèn)書第三條所規(guī)定的日期之前開出本批交易的信用證。否則，售方有權(quán)不經(jīng)通知取消本確認(rèn)書，或接受買方對本銷售確認(rèn)書未履行的全部或一部分，或?qū)σ虼嗽馐艿膿p失提出索賠。Reserve為專用詞匯，我們常見的“版權(quán)所有”英語表達(dá)就是All rights reserved。Rescind（取消合同/協(xié)議）和lodge（提出索賠，與claim(s)連用）也都是專業(yè)用語。l In cas

13、e one party desires to sell or assign all or part of his investment subscribed, the other party shall have the preemptive right. 如一方欲出售或轉(zhuǎn)讓其所投資的部分或全部，另一方應(yīng)有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。Assign（其名詞形式assignment）和Preemptive屬專業(yè)用語。 2. 正式用語（Formal Terms）英文合同，習(xí)慣采用書面的形式，合同往往使用正式的書面用語，較少使用口頭用語，以顯示合同正規(guī)、嚴(yán)肅。具體實(shí)例如下：l At the request of Pa

14、rty B, Party A agrees to send technicians to assist Party B to install the equipment.應(yīng)乙方要求，甲方同意派遣技術(shù)人員幫助乙方安裝設(shè)備。 assist 較 help 正式；l The personnel shall not to partake in any political activities in Iraq.所有人員不得參加伊拉克國內(nèi)的任何政治活動。partake in 較 take part in 正式；l The Employer shall render correct technical gui

15、dance to the personnel.雇主應(yīng)該對有關(guān)人員給予正確技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。 render 較 give 正式；l Party A shall repatriate the patient to China and bear the cost of his passage to Guangzhou.甲方應(yīng)將病人遣返中國并負(fù)責(zé)其返回廣州的旅費(fèi)。 repatriate 較 send back 正式；l This Contract shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of China.本合同受中國法律管轄

16、，并按中國法律解釋。construe 較 explain, interpret 正式；in accordance with 較according to正式。l The Employer may object to and require the Contractor to replace forthwith any of its authorized representatives who is incompetent.雇主認(rèn)為承包人委派的授權(quán)代表不合格時，可以反對并要求立即撤換。require較ask正式；而且，require表示上對下的要求，ask沒有這么明確，它含有request和req

17、uire之意，其中request表示下對上的要求，即“請求”公文體forthwith 較 at once 正式；l The Chairperson may convene and preside an interim meeting based on a proposal made by one-third of the total number of directors.董事長可以根據(jù)董事會過1/3董事的提議而召集主持臨時董事會議。Convene較hold正式，preside較be in charge of 正式，interim也是正式用詞較temporary正式。l In processi

18、ng transactions, the manufacturers shall never have title either to the materials or the finished products.加工貿(mào)易中，廠方無論是對原料還是成品都無所有權(quán)。 title 較 ownership 正式。l The term "Effective date" means the date on which this Agreement is duly executed by the parties hereto.“生效期”指雙方合同簽字的日子。 execute 較 sign

19、 正式；l The submission to and consent by the Engineer of such programs or the provision of such general descriptions or cash flow estimates shall not relieve the Contractor of any of his duties or responsibilities under the Contract.向工程師提交并同意的上述進(jìn)度計劃或提供上述一般說明或現(xiàn)金流量估算，并不解除合同規(guī)定的承包人的任何義務(wù)或責(zé)任。Consent和estimat

20、e都是正式用詞；l The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed to be construed as an integral part of this Contract. 整個合同期間，本合同附件應(yīng)理解為合同不可分割的一部分。deem較consider正式。 l The parties shall work together in order to endeavour to achieve the timely completion of the Project in accordance with the

21、 Project Schedule as Annex 4 according to which the construction period shall be _years from the commencement date.雙方共同努力確保按附件四的工程進(jìn)度表及時竣工，根據(jù)該工程進(jìn)度表工期應(yīng)從開工日起*年。Commencement較starting、beginning正式。 3 同、近義詞、相關(guān)詞并列（Parallel Synonyms, Parasynonyms and Associated/Binomial Expressions）在英文合同中同近義詞或相關(guān)詞成對或多個并列連用，使合

22、同周密嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，以減少漏洞和爭議。l This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.本協(xié)議由甲方與乙方簽訂。句中made與entered into同義，而by與between相關(guān)。l Party A agrees to purchase from Party B the following commodity under the terms and conditions set out below: 甲方同意按照下列條款向乙方購買如下商品：terms 和conditions同義，往往并列連用表示

23、合同的條款。l Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any order sort to collect any account on and after September 20. 自9月2O日起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。On與after相關(guān)詞連用用以明確時間。l Any partner or his/her agent, may review any and all accounting or other records at anytime.任何合伙人或其代理人，可隨時審查任一或全部會計賬目或其他記錄。Any 與 all 相關(guān)詞連用，表達(dá)更

24、為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。l The decision by such arbitration shall be accepted as final and binding upon both parties。該仲裁裁決為終局裁決，雙方均受其約束。Final和binding屬相關(guān)詞連用。l The Company hereby releases and discharges Party A from further performance of, and any duties, obligations or liabilities under, the amended Agreement.本公司特此解除甲方已修正協(xié)議的進(jìn)一步履行及其修正協(xié)議下的義務(wù)和責(zé)任。Release和discharge相關(guān)詞連用，duty