英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題定語(yǔ)從句

1、語(yǔ)法專題 定語(yǔ)從句Part 1.定語(yǔ)從句的定義及其關(guān)系代詞的使用Step 1. 分析下列句型：1. I cant remember everything (that) happened during the time in university.2. The film is about a spy (whose) wife betrays him.3. Barbary was working in Beijing, (where) she went daily in a bus.4. He said that he had never seen her before, (which) was

2、not true.5. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of (which) uses it somewhat differently.總結(jié)：在復(fù)合句中，用來(lái)修飾_和_的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾詞叫_, 用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞叫_。定語(yǔ)從句分為_和_。(思考：限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別是什么？)_Step 2.關(guān)系代詞的用法總結(jié)：關(guān)系代詞：關(guān)系代詞先行詞（指人或物）在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分例句分析who指人作主語(yǔ)The boy who is standing there is my cous

3、in.whomThe man (whom) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.The boy (whom) you are looking for is hidden behind the tree.whose =( )whom =( ) Do you know the boy whose father is an engineer?He lives in a house whose windows face south.thatI dont know about the man (that) you mentioned.A plane is a machine t

4、hat can fly.whichThe pen (which) my uncle gave me is missing.Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures.asWe have found such materials as are used in their factory.He is not the same man as he was.As we all had expected, Liuxiang won the gold medal in the competition.注意：關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)

5、的定語(yǔ)從句1) As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。He married her, which was natural.He was honest, as/which we can see.2） as 可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，位置較為靈活，意為“正如”，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是：see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等。但是，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，只能放在主句之后，意為“這一點(diǎn)”。（1）_ is known to all, China is a develo

6、ping country.（2）He is from the south, _ we can see from his accent.（3）John, _ you know, is a famous writer.John is a famous writer, _ you know.（4）He has been to Paris several times, _ I dont believe.3) 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same,so修飾時(shí)，常用asI have never heard such a funny story as he tells.= I have never hea

7、rd so funny a story as he tells.This is the same book as I lost last week.【注意1】當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.【注意2】定語(yǔ)從句suchas 與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句such that的區(qū)別：He has such a good laptop as I

8、want to buy.He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one.She  is so lovely a girl _ we like . She  is so lovely a girl _ we like her.Step 3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句分析下列例句:The man to whom he is talking is my father.This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.注意：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)只能用

9、_（指物） 和_（指人）。即：介詞+_/_.思考下列兩個(gè)句子的變化：The man whom/that he is talking to is my father.This is the pen which / that I wrote the letter with.總結(jié)：當(dāng)介詞位于定語(yǔ)從句的末尾時(shí)，可用_/_（指物），用_/_/_（指人）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而且做介詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞往往省略。注意：在固定搭配的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可分割，因此不能把介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前。判斷正誤：This is the pen for which Im looking. ( )This is the pen

10、 which Im looking for. ( )(思考：關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)什么成分時(shí)可以省略？)Part 2.關(guān)系副詞的使用及其與關(guān)系代詞的轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系副詞：關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞掷浞治鰓hen =( )I will never forget the day when/on which I joined the Party.where =( )The factory where/in which my father works is in the east of the city.why =( )None of us know the reason why/for which Tom w

11、as absent from the meeting.注意：先行詞為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞不一定都要用when或where引導(dǎo)，要判斷它在定語(yǔ)從句中的句子成分。如果引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，就要用which 或that。請(qǐng)分析下列句子中應(yīng)該使用的引導(dǎo)詞：1. This is the factory _we visited last year.2. This is the factory _we worked last year.3. This summer _I spent in Italy is so hot.4. Is this the shop _sells children'

12、;s clothing?5. This is one of the largest rooms _I've ever slept in. Part 3. 拓展Step 1.1. 在什么情況下只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；1）當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)。如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has

13、 said?All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。You can find any information that you need on the Internet.2）當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：I think the film Assembly集結(jié)號(hào) is the best film that I have seen.4）當(dāng)形容詞被the veryright, the only,j

14、ust the 修飾時(shí)。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.5）當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。如：Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6）當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)。如：Can you remember the scientist and his

15、theory that we have learned?7)關(guān)系代詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，He isnt the person that he used to be.8)主句為there be 句型時(shí)，Theres a pen that belongs to Tom on the desk.2. 如何區(qū)分the same as 和the same that；This is the same book that I lost. _（指同一本書）This is the same book as I lost. _（并不是原來(lái)的那一本書）3. 以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句The way （in wh

16、ich/ that/省略) he answered the question was surprising.Step 2. that在定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： News that Wanglin had been admitted to Beijing University came from the school office.(同位語(yǔ)從句)The news that the TV reported yesterday excited the whole nation.（定語(yǔ)從句）注意：that 在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起引導(dǎo)從句的作用；that在定語(yǔ)從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分，一般

17、充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。所以區(qū)別兩者的關(guān)鍵在于從句中是否缺少成分。判斷下列句子是同位語(yǔ)從句還是定語(yǔ)從句：The fact that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years has worried many scientists.( )The fact that we learned from the News Center was really disappointing.( )Step 3. 定語(yǔ)從句綜合練習(xí)：一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to th

18、e house.2. We are learning English, a language _ is used in many places in the world.3. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.4. Tell me the reason _ the American lady left.5. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?6. Do you still remember the place_ we found the lost

19、 child?7. The house _ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.8. He is the only person _ saw the accident yesterday.9. Who is the student _was late for school today?10. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.11. The manager walked toward the gate _ the workers are waiting.12. Autu

20、mn is the time of a year_farmers get in their crops. 13. Allen is the girl _ I think will succeed in the test.14. Those are the shoes _ I lost last week.15. Her parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.二、請(qǐng)找出下列各句中的錯(cuò)誤并加以改正。1. This is the factory where we visited last week.3. The person t

21、o who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.4. The house in that we live is very small.5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow.6. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library.7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.8. My father and Mr. Smith

22、 talked about things and persons who they remembered .9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.11. The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill.12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.13. The boy, his mother die

23、d last year, studies very hard.14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.15. Were going to visit the school where your brother works there.16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening.17. That is the way which they work.18. Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.19. Who is the man who has white hair.20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea.三、單選題1)Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago?A.