非謂語動(dòng)詞(快班)

1、非 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞Non-predicate Verbs一、非謂語動(dòng)詞四個(gè)疑問1、什么叫非謂語動(dòng)詞？與謂語動(dòng)詞有什么區(qū)別？2 、非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 有哪些具體的不同形式？3、 不同的非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示 的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？4、 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？備注英語一個(gè)簡單句只能有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)如果出現(xiàn)更多主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，可以用以下方法： 加入并列連詞，構(gòu)成并列句（and / but / so） 放入從句，構(gòu)成主從復(fù)合句 變?yōu)榉侵^語動(dòng)詞，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語加句子 1、什么叫非謂語動(dòng)詞？非謂語動(dòng)詞就是不能作句子謂語而具有其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞。 非謂語動(dòng)詞同謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別 謂語動(dòng)詞只能做謂語

2、；有人稱和數(shù)的變化；有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和語氣的變化。非謂語動(dòng)詞不能做謂語，也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；仍具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化；如果是及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)后面可接賓語。2 、非謂語動(dòng)詞有哪些？ 有哪些具體的不同形式？-ing形式-ed形式to do不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) (以動(dòng)詞make為例)時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)ing一般式makingbeing made完成式having madehaving been madeed一般式made to do一般式to make to be made完成式to have madeto have been made進(jìn)行式to being made3

3、非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系是什么？弄清非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之間的先后關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵所在非謂語表示的動(dòng)作非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之后to do/to be done 與謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ; 在謂語表示的動(dòng)作之前done; to have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done4、 非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中通常作什么成分？ 動(dòng)詞-ing：主，謂, 賓，定, 狀, 表，補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞-ed：

4、主，謂, 賓，定, 狀, 表，補(bǔ)不定式： 主，謂, 賓，定, 狀, 表，補(bǔ)二、幾個(gè)重要區(qū)別1、不定式和ing分詞均能作主語，二者有何區(qū)別？2、 不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作賓語, 有何區(qū)別？3、 不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語表達(dá)的意義有何不同？4、不定式、ing 分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，主要區(qū)別是什么？5、能作狀語的有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。作什么樣的狀語取決于什么因素？6、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別是什么？7、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？1、不定式和ing分詞均能作主語，二者有何區(qū)別？1.表示某一具體的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式；表示比較抽象的一般行為傾向的，多用動(dòng)名詞。 2.動(dòng)名詞作主語 時(shí)通常位于句

5、首；不定式作主語時(shí)常置于句末，用it作形式主語放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited here. （抽象） 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.（具體）Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主語和表語都是非謂語動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)保持形式 上的一致。2、不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可作賓語, 有何區(qū)別？ 1）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語2）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語3）.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意義上無多大區(qū)別4）.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作

6、賓語，但意義上有明顯差別 1）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如： manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(幫助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。2）. 有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如： practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up,

7、 lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in.3）.有些動(dòng)詞如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分詞作賓語，意義上無多大區(qū)別(但ing分詞一般表示經(jīng)常性的行為；不定式表示具體的行為)。4）.有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但意義上有明顯差別。討論：有哪些單詞或短語？ go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing cant help to do / do

8、ing be used to do / doing ( get used to doing) (used to do)分詞作定語與動(dòng)詞不定式作定語的區(qū)別是：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)與完成；而不定式表示在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at

9、 the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.5、能作狀語的有不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。作什么樣的狀語往往取決于它們的位置和在句中的意義。1). When _(heat) ,water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beauti

10、ful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. 一般式(doing)表示主動(dòng)的 一般性的動(dòng)作或者正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；被動(dòng)式(being done)表示正在進(jìn)行的 被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成式(having done)表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前 的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作；完成被動(dòng)式(having been done) 表示發(fā)生在謂語

11、動(dòng)作之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。分詞作狀語時(shí)的邏輯主語問題 分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須同句子的主語一致；如果不一致，需在分詞前加一個(gè)邏輯主語，分詞和它的邏輯主語合稱獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或用狀語從句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _

12、 it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005廣東) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果 6、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別表示心理狀態(tài)的

13、動(dòng)詞如excite, interest等都是及物動(dòng)詞，漢語注解不是“激動(dòng)”、“高興”，而是“使得激動(dòng)”、“使高興”，因而現(xiàn)在分詞應(yīng)該是“令人激動(dòng)的”、“令人高興的”，過去分詞則是“感到激動(dòng)的”和“感到高興的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到 ”都用-ed形式。換句話說，若人對(duì)感興趣，就是somebody is interested in.，若人/物本身有趣時(shí)，就是sb./sth. is interesting。delighting令人高興的delighted感到高興的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的encouraging 令人鼓

14、舞的encouraged 感到鼓舞的pleasing 令人愉快的pleased 感到愉快的puzzling 令人費(fèi)解的puzzled 感到費(fèi)解的satisfying 令人滿意的satisfied 感到滿意的surprising 令人驚異的surprised 感到驚異的worrying 令人擔(dān)心的worried 感到擔(dān)心的非謂語動(dòng)詞鞏固練習(xí)1. What do you enjoy_ your spare time?A kill B to kill C killing D killed2.The majority of the students enjoy _ when they make adv

15、ances in studies.A praising B to be praised C being praised D praised3.What the boy enjoys _ to have a room of his own. A. being B. to be C. is D. are4.In order not to be disturbed, he spent the whole night_ in his room.A locking B locked C to be locked D having locked 5. According to a recent US su

16、rvey, children spend up to 25 hours a week_ TV.A to watch B watching C to watching D watch6.-Why didnt you attend the party_in the hall the other day?A held B being held C to be held D holding7. Would you like to go to the party_ tomorrow?A held B being held C to be held D holding8._ from the top of

17、 the hill, the park looks even more beautiful.A Seen B seeing C to see D having seen9._from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.A Seen B seeing C to see D having seen10. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_A washed B wash C washing D to wash11. Our te

18、acher get us students _ our homework on time.A finish B to finish C finishing D finished12. With so much work_, he felt very excited.A to be finished B to finish C finishing D finished.13.With so much work_, Im afraid I can not go to your party.A to be finished B to finish C finishing D finished.14.

19、 All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city center for the fashion show.A to go B going C to have gone D having gone15.Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A to invent B inventing C to have invented D having invented16. In the dream Peter saw himself_ by a fierc

20、e wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.A chased B to be chased C be chased D having been chased17. I saw my little son_the words_ on his small blackboard.A read; writing B reading; writing C to read; written D read; written18._ more time, we could do it much better.A Given B To give C Give D Givi

21、ng19. _ us more time, and we can do it much better.A Given B To give C Give D Giving20._ the general state of his health, we know it may take him a long time to recover from the operation. A Given B To give C Give D Giving21._ a written permission , he had to write another letter to the president of

22、 the university.A Not given B Not having been given C having not given D Having not been given22. _ to go out alone, the retired minister had to go for a walk with several policemen.A Warning not B Warned not C Not warning D Not warned23._in a heavy traffic jam in a taxi while you are hurrying to th

23、e airport is quite an unpleasant experience.A Being caught B Having caught C Caught D Having been caught24._in the traffic jam，Tina went to work late this morning A.Having caught B.Be caught C.Being caught D.Caught25. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships to

24、taling 50,000 yuan.A To be judged the best B Having judged the bestC Judging the best D Judged the best26. _ from media reports, the result has been unclear.A To judge B Having judged C Judging D Judged27._ with what we had to go through, his life is perfectly happy.A Compared B To compare C Compari

25、ng D Compare28._ with what we had to go through, he feels that his life is perfectly happy.A Compared B To compare C Comparing D Compare29. All things_, her paper is of greater value than yours.A consider B to consider C having considered D considered30._ the distance, he arrived very quickly.A Cons

26、idering B To consider C Having considered D Considered31. When he heard a noise in front of him, he looked forward to_ what was happening.A see B seeing C seen D having seen32. How happy we are! The holiday we have been looking forward _ at last.A. to has come B. to have come C. to having come D. ha

27、s come33.He stood up and looked forward _ what was happening over there.A find B to finding C to find D having found34. The men the guard allowed_ in must be the workers of the company.A come B came C coming D to come35.- Can I smoke here? -Sorry, we dont allow _here.A people B people smoke C to smo

28、ke D smoking.36. for making so many mistakes in the exam,she was in low spirit. A. Having blamed B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed37. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one_.A blamed B blamed C to blame D to be blamed38. The workers were working from 7:

29、00 a.m to 7:00 p.m. only_ once at noon to have their lunch.A to stop B stopping C to have stopped D having stopped39.I hurried to the airport, only_ that the plane had taken off.A to find B finding C to have found D having found40._AIDS had left a scar on Ajani and his sister, their grandfathers fac

30、e turned whiteA When he heard B Having heard C When hearing D On hearing41. _that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.A Hearing B To hear C Heard D Having heard42.All preparations for the task_, and we are ready to start.A completed B complete C having been completed D have be

31、en completed43. All preparations for the task_, we are ready to start.A completed B complete C having been completed D have been completed44. Seventy two hours passed. More than one hundred workers remained_ in the coal mine, though fifty had been saved.A trapped B trapping C to be trapped D being t

32、rapped45. He bought a book with the_ 50 dollars and the his money_.A remaining; ran out of B remaining; was used up C remained; ran out D remained; gave out46. He wrote a lot of novels, none of _ translated into a foreign language.A them B which C it D what47.He wrote a lot of novels, none of _was t

33、ranslated into a foreign language.A them B which C it D what48. _true events, the film follows the life of Braddock, boxer in New York.A Being based on B Basing on C Based on D Having based on49. _an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it soon.A. Based   

34、;      B. Basing          C. Base          D. To base50. In order to improve English,_.A Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herselfC a lot of tape

35、s were bought buy Jenny D a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father51.Translated into the English language,_.A the students have polished up their English B the merchants made a profit out of the books they sold.C the influence of the book on children is worth considering.D the works of the famous

36、 writer have sold well.52.John sat in front of the television every evening, happy_ anything happening to be on.A to watch B watching C watched D to have watched53. John sat in front of the television every evening, happily_ anything happening to be on.A to watch B watching C watched D to have watch

37、ed54.I lived in the house with its door_south.A facing B faces C faced D being faced55. _with a gradual rise of seawater, some nations in the Pacific are considering moving in the near future.A Facing B To face C Faced D Being faced56. The spokesman was seated in front of all the journalists at the

38、press conference,_ to answer all the questions.A prepared B preparing C to be prepared D having prepared57._ for the work, he went to sleep at ease.A. Well prepared      B. Preparing      C. Being prepared      D. Getting rea

39、dy58. The secretary worked late into the night _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing59.Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _ a good college.A. enter B. to enter C. entering D. entered60. He ran as fast as he could _ to c

40、atch the early bus.A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped61.He spent every minute he could _ spoken English.A. practice B. to practice C. practicing D. practised62.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _ his oral English. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving63.She can't hel

41、p _ the house because she's busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned64.While shopping, people sometimes can't help _ into buying something they don't really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded65.She took her son, ran out of th

42、e house, _ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor's office.A. put B. to put C. putting D. having put66. Hearing the news, he rushed out, _ the book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opene

43、d67.Who do you think you'd like _ with you, a boy or a girl? A. to have go B. to have to go C. to have gone D. having to go68. Who did the boss _ his car this time?A. get wash B. get to wash C. get washing D. getting to wash69._ the road round to the right and you'll find his house.A. Follow

44、 B. Following C. To follow D. Followed70._ the road round to the right, you'll find his house.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed71._ the road round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed72. This book is worth_, that is to

45、 say, this book is worthy of_A to read; reading B reading; to read C reading; being read D to read; reading73. I have nothing_ these days. So I want to go to Shanghai for a visit. Do you have anything_ to your brother there.A to be done; to be taken B to do; to take C to do; to be taken D to be done; to take74. He got_ when he tried to save the child from the _houseA burnt; burnt B burnt; burning C burning; burning D burnt; burning75. Both of my parents insisted _ a computer for me, but I don'