高考英語模擬試卷(一)及答案解析

1、2019 年高考英語模擬試卷（ 一 ）第I卷第一部分聽力 （ 略 ）（ 共兩節(jié) , 滿分30 分）第二部分閱讀理解（ 共兩節(jié) , 滿分40 分）第一節(jié) （ 共 15 小題 ; 每小題 2 分 , 滿分 30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、日C和D四個選項中,選出最佳選項。A（2016課標(biāo)全國I ）You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the

2、most important womanof the past 100 years?Jane Addams（1860 1935）Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community（社區(qū) ）by creating sheltersand promoting education and services for people in nee

3、d. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson（1907 1964）If it weren t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Herpopular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemic

4、als on humans and on the world s lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O Connor（1930present）When Sandra Day O Connor finished thir d in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator（ 參議員 ）and, in 1981, the first wo

5、man to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O Connor gavethe deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks（1913 2005）On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on abus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison.

6、But it also set off theMontgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“ The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.21 .What is Jane Addams noted for in history?A.Her social work.B.Her teaching skills.C.Her efforts to win a prize.D.Her

7、community background.22 .What was the reason for O ' Connor' s being rejected by the law firm? A.Her lack of proper training in law.B.Her little work experience in court.C.The discrimination against women.D.The poor financial conditions.23 .Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights m

8、ovement in the U.S.?A.Jane Addams. B.Rachel Carson. C.Sandra Day O' Connor. D.Rosa Parks.24 .What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A.They are highly educated.B.They are truly creative.C.They are pioneers.D.They are peace-lovers.B （2016課標(biāo)全國I ,C）I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem

9、cell courier . Since March 2012, I ' ve done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（ 干名田胞）in my little box because I ' ve got two ice packs and that ' s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor（ 捐獻(xiàn)者）to the ti

10、me they can be implanted in the patient, we' vegot 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I

11、arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: "Well, I ' m really sorry, I ' ve got some bad news for you there are no flights from Washington." So Itook mybox and put it on the desk and I said: "In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed

12、 for a patient please, please, you ' ve got to get me back to t he United Kingdom. " She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed（ 改道）me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier j

13、ob,you ' re consciously aware that in that box you' ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody ' s life. 25.Which of the following can replace the underlined worda courier " in Paragraph 1?1 / 15B.delivery manA.providerC.collectorD.medical doctor26 .Why does Peter h

14、ave to complete his trip within 42 hours?A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.B.The donor can only wait for that long.C.The operation needs that much time.D.The ice won t last any longer.27 .Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A.To London.B.To Newark.C.To Providence.D.To Washington.

15、C（2018課標(biāo)全國n ,D）We ve all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What s the problem?It s possible that we all have compromised conversational intellige

16、nce. It s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it s awkwardand challenging,or we think it s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourselfamongstrangers,consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it s an invaluablesocial practice that results in big

17、 benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can t forget that deep relationships wouldn teven exist if it weren t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（潤滑劑 ）for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana Universi

18、ty Southeast.“ Almost every great love story and each big business dealbegins with small talk, ” he explains. “ The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associateprofessor of psychology at UBC, invited p

19、eopleon their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction（互動 ）with itswaiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “ It s not

20、 that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,”says Dunn. “ But interactions with peripheral（邊緣的 ）members of our social network matter forour well-being also. ”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with other

21、s. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. " Small talk is the basis of good manners," he says.28 .What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication be

22、tween strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.29 .What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.30 .What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relat

23、ionships.B.It raises people ' s confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.31 .What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable SilenceD （2017課標(biāo)全國I ,D）A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸儲器）

24、is one of the best ways to obtain drinking waterin areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S.Department of Agriculture, it ' s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it ' s all but impossi

25、ble to find natural substitutes.The only components required, though, are a 5'x 5' sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube, and a container- perhaps just a drinking cup to catch the water.These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.T

26、o construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher' sproductivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the wa

27、y in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand out the sideof the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet ' s center dow n with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone（圓錐體）with 45-degree-angled sides. The low poin

28、t of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates（ 蒸 發(fā)）and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material, and fall off into the cup. When

29、 the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won ' t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.32 .What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A.It ' s delicate.B.It 's expensive.C.It ' s complex.D.It '

30、s portable.33 .What does the underlined phrase“the water catcher" in paragraph 2 refer to?A.The tube.B.Thestill.C.The hole.D.Thecup.34 .What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?A.Dig a hole of a certain size.B.Put the cup in place.C.Weight the sheet ' s center down.D.Cove

31、r the hole with the plastic sheet.35 .When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from.A.the plastic tubeB.outside the holeC.the open airD.beneath the sheet第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）（2018課標(biāo)全國n）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。If you are already making the time to exercise, it is go

32、od indeed!With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out.36 Working out in the morning providesadditional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.37 Your m

33、etabolism（ 新陳代謝 ）gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie（卡路里）burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than thosewho exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes

34、you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stickto healthy food choices throughout the day. Whowould want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to con

35、tinue to focus on positive choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarmclock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to

36、fast food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you' re doing it now, then listenup!36. 37. 38.

37、39. 40.第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用 （共兩節(jié)，滿分45分） 第一節(jié) （共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分） （2016課標(biāo)全國I ）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was41 along 165north after delivering to one of his42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.4

38、3he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and47 thefire extinguisher（ 滅火器）.Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on48

39、and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call.They 50 heard a woman' s voice coming from the wrecked（ 毀壞的 ）vehicle. 51 the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54

40、 .Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move55 she injuredher neck.Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man56 and let them go towork. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is _59 -Lar

41、ry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close tothe burning vehicle! His60 most likely saved the woman ' s life.41.A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.AsD.If44.A.eachB.anotherC.thatD.his45.A.flamesB.smokeC.w

42、aterD.steam46.A.usedB.disabledC.removedD.abandoned47.A.got hold ofB.preparedC.took charge ofD.controlled48.A.came downB.came throughC.came inD.came over49.A.returnedB.receivedC.madeD.confirmed50.A.thenB.againC.finallyD.even51.A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching52.A.quietB.stillC.awayD.calm53.A

43、.forB.soC.andD.but54.A.explodeB.slip awayC.fall apartD.crash55.A.as ifB.unlessC.in caseD.after56.A.stepped forwardB.backed offC.moved onD.set out57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver58.A.forbidden59.A.for certainC.reportedB.readyC.askedB.for considerationD.checkedD.free60.A.patience第二節(jié)（共10小題;（2017課標(biāo)全國n ）每

44、小題B.skillsC.efforts第n卷第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）1.5分,滿分15分）D.promise閱讀卜面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible61 (crowd) on the roadsabove as they travelled to a

45、nd 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road,63 (lay) the track and thenbuilding a strong roof over64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface wasreplaced.Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must h

46、ave been66 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using67 everyday.Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became

47、 known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most70(success)of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popul

48、ar with the public. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.第四部分寫作 (共兩節(jié)，滿分35分) 第一節(jié)短文改錯(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)(2018課標(biāo)全國iii )假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(A ),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線()劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，

49、多者(從第11處起)不計分。It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of uswere confidentand eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, bu

50、t I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learningand that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well." Immediate, I raised my hand.第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)（滿分25分）（2016課標(biāo)全國H ）假定你是李華，

51、你校攝影俱樂部（photography club）將舉辦國際中學(xué)生攝影展。請給你的英國朋友Peter寫封信，請他提供作品。信的內(nèi)容包括 ：1 .主題：環(huán)境保護(hù)；2 .展覽時間；3 .投稿郵箱:intlphotoshow 。汪后：1 .詞數(shù)100左右；2 .可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。9 / 15答案全解全析第I卷第二部分 閱讀理解 第一節(jié)A 語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了 100 年以來歷史上四位在各個領(lǐng)域做出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的偉 大女性。21 .A 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句和第二句可知 Jane Addams 幫助窮人 , 為和平而努力 , 做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，因此判斷選A項。

52、B項“她的教學(xué)技能”。C項“她得獎的努力”。D項“她的社區(qū)背景”。這三項文中均未提及。22 .C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第四段第一句可知 :Sandra Day O Connor 1952 年在斯坦福法學(xué)院畢業(yè)之后 , 因為是一位女士而不能在律師事務(wù)所找到工作 , 由此可判斷當(dāng)時社會對婦女的歧視, 故選 C 項。 A 項 ,根據(jù)文中信息“她從法學(xué)院畢業(yè)”可知她不缺乏法律的培訓(xùn)。 B 項 , 她法庭經(jīng)驗的缺乏不是找不到工作的 理由，原因是她是婦女。D項，貧窮的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，文中未提及。discrimination n. 歧視。23 .D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第五段第四句中的 kicked off th

53、e civil-rights movement可判斷 RosaParks為民權(quán)運(yùn)動做出了貢獻(xiàn)，故選D項。其他三項均和民權(quán)運(yùn)動無關(guān)。24 .C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文中四名女士在不同領(lǐng)域做出的貢獻(xiàn)可知 , 她們是自己領(lǐng)域中的先鋒人物 , 故 選 C 項。 A 項 , 文中只提及一人受到了高等教育。B 項 , 顯然幾人均和創(chuàng)造性無關(guān)。 D 項 , 只有一人的貢獻(xiàn)與和平有關(guān)。B 語篇解讀 本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了作為干細(xì)胞運(yùn)送志愿者的 Peter Hodes 在美國遇到颶 風(fēng) , 航班被取消 , 后來得到幫助的經(jīng)歷。25 .B 猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知從在捐獻(xiàn)者身上取到干細(xì)胞到移植到病人

54、身上最多有72 小時的時間，由此可判斷作者是干細(xì)胞的運(yùn)送者，故選B項。A、C、D三項和作者的遞送工作無任何關(guān)系，因此可排除。26 .D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 根據(jù)文章第一段第三句可知作者有兩個冰袋, 而它們能持續(xù)的時間為 42 小時 , 故選 D項。A項意為“他不能離開工作太長時間”。B項意為“捐獻(xiàn)者只能等那么長時間”。C項意為“手術(shù)需要很長時間”。27 .B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段倒數(shù)第一句re-routed me through Newark. 可知選B項。C 語篇解讀 本文為說明文。介紹了“ small talk（ 閑聊 ） ”的重要性及其意義。28 .C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干句意: 第一段描述的

55、是什么現(xiàn)象?根據(jù)第一段描述 （無論我們身在何處, 在電梯里、在銀行排隊或者在飛機(jī)上, 我們周圍的人或是像我們一樣在埋頭看智能手機(jī), 或是更壞 , 在和令人不安的沉默做斗爭）可知,C項“陌生人之間缺乏交流”和首段描述一致，故答案為C項。A項“手機(jī)控”只是該段描述現(xiàn)象時舉的例子;B 項“公共場合的不恰當(dāng)行為”與首段意思不符;D 項“對緩慢的服務(wù)缺乏耐心”和第一段的描述無關(guān)。29 .B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干句意: 根據(jù) Carducci 的說法 , 對于成功的閑聊來說什么是重要的?根據(jù)第三段最后一句 （ 成功的閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)會如何同他人建立聯(lián)系而不僅僅是同他們交流）可知 ,B 項“能夠理解并認(rèn)同他人”符

56、合題意，故答案為B項。本題干擾項為A“顯示良好的行為舉止”，錯因在于鎖定的句子“最后一段最后一句 （ 閑聊是良好舉止的基礎(chǔ)） ”和題干要求不一致, 答非所問 ;D 項“做生意”受第三段第三句（幾乎每一個偉大的愛情故事和每一單大的生意都源于閑聊 ）的影響 , 犯了邏輯推理錯誤;C 項“聚焦一個話題”在文中沒有涉及。30 .D 推理判斷題。題干句意: 關(guān)于閑聊 , 咖啡店調(diào)研表明了什么 ?根據(jù)第四段中的內(nèi)容 （結(jié)果表明那些同服務(wù)生閑聊的人明顯有更高的積極情感和較好的咖啡店體驗。不是同服務(wù)生交談比和你的丈夫交談更好而是同社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的邊緣人員的互動也對我們的健康和幸福很重要 ） 可知 ,D 項“它使得人

57、們感覺良好”與題意相符，故答案為D項。A項“它改善家庭關(guān)系”、B項“它提升人們的自信”和C項“它和正式交談一樣重要”在文章中沒有涉及, 屬于主觀臆斷。31 .C 主旨大意題。題干句意: 文章最好的標(biāo)題是什么?根據(jù)第二段最后一句（ 專家說閑聊是一種可帶來巨大益處的極有價值的社交行為 ） 以及最后一段最后一句 （ 閑聊是良好舉止的基礎(chǔ)） 可知 ,C 項“閑聊的益處”與題干要求一致，故答案為C項。A項“會話很重要”為干擾項 ，錯在偷換概念，conversation（ 會話, 交談）和small talk（ 閑談）不是一個概念；文章沒有就閑聊的方式或方法做具體的解釋，故排除B項“進(jìn)行閑聊的方式” ;D 項“令人不安的沉默”只是第一段提到的現(xiàn)象之一, 而不是文章的主旨。D 語篇解讀 本文為說明文, 題材為科普實(shí)驗類。文章具體描述了利用自制太陽能蒸餾器獲取飲用水的方法。32 .D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句 , 尤其是尾句 Thes