六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法匯總

1、六年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總一、詞類(lèi)：1、 動(dòng)詞：行為動(dòng)詞、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。（1）行為動(dòng)詞 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具體判斷方法如下：（2）be動(dòng)詞a、Am-was Is -was Are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。b、肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、 一般疑問(wèn)句 Am I ? Yes, you are. No, you arent. Are you/t

2、hey? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. is、am、are為一類(lèi)，一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)中。was和were為另一類(lèi)，一般用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。（3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can、must、should、would、may。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）2、 名詞這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was。如何加后綴：a一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b

3、以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries d以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives e不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.t

4、ooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 3、 形容詞（包括副詞）形容詞表示某一事物或的特征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式：原形和+er。未作比較的情況下就用原形，比較時(shí)就+er。兩個(gè)重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，有than的時(shí)候一定+er。4、 人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞人稱(chēng)代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性（短）名詞性（長(zhǎng)）形容詞性（短）名詞性（長(zhǎng)）第一人稱(chēng)Imeweusmymineourours第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyouyouryoursyoury

5、ours第三人稱(chēng)hehimtheythemhishistheirtheirssheherherhersitititsits人稱(chēng)代詞：有主格和賓格之分。一般動(dòng)詞前用主格，動(dòng)詞后用賓格。物主代詞：有兩類(lèi)：形容詞性物主代詞（短的）和名詞性物主代詞（長(zhǎng)的）一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞（短的）；如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞（長(zhǎng)的）。5、 數(shù)量詞:我們學(xué)過(guò)兩類(lèi)：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。序數(shù)詞的前面一般都加the。6、冠詞:有a、an、the。a和an的區(qū)別：an用于元音音素（一般就是元音字母aeiou）前，a用于輔音音素前。二、否定句：b

6、e動(dòng)詞（am、is、are、was、were）+not、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can、must、should）+ not、助動(dòng)詞（do、does、did） + not如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句：1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在be動(dòng)詞后+ not。2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not。3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有，就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not。分四個(gè)步驟：（1）肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(yǔ)（某人或某物）后，動(dòng)詞前。（2）確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does還是did，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式的助動(dòng)詞就有di

7、d。（3）在助動(dòng)詞后加not。（4）原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。三、一般疑問(wèn)句。如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句：1、看句中有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞，如有，把be動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。2、看句中有無(wú)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。3、如上述二者都沒(méi)有，就應(yīng)把助動(dòng)提到句首。分四個(gè)步驟：（1）肯定陳述句中本來(lái)是沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(yǔ)（某人或某物）后，動(dòng)詞前。（2）確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does還是did，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式的助動(dòng)詞就有did。（3）把助動(dòng)詞后提到句首。（

8、4）原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。四、特殊疑問(wèn)句。表示疑問(wèn)，有疑問(wèn)詞（在開(kāi)頭），回答有很多種可能。常用疑問(wèn)詞： 疑問(wèn)詞意思用法When什么時(shí)間問(wèn)時(shí)間What time 什么時(shí)間問(wèn)具體時(shí)間，如幾點(diǎn)鐘Who誰(shuí)問(wèn)人Whose 誰(shuí)的問(wèn)主人Where在哪里問(wèn)地點(diǎn)Which哪一個(gè)問(wèn)選擇Why 為什么問(wèn)原因What 什么問(wèn)東西、事物What colour什么顏色問(wèn)顏色What about。怎么樣問(wèn)意見(jiàn)What day星期幾問(wèn)星期幾What date什么日期問(wèn)日期What for 為何目的問(wèn)目的How 。怎樣問(wèn)情況How old多大年紀(jì)問(wèn)年紀(jì)How many

9、多少數(shù)量（可數(shù)名詞）問(wèn)數(shù)量How much多少錢(qián)；多少數(shù)量（不可數(shù)名詞）問(wèn)多少錢(qián)或數(shù)量（不可數(shù)）How about。怎么樣問(wèn)意見(jiàn)How often多久問(wèn)頻率How long多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間問(wèn)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度How far 多遠(yuǎn)問(wèn)多遠(yuǎn)；多長(zhǎng)距離五、祈使句 表示請(qǐng)求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事?？隙ㄆ硎咕湟欢ㄊ且詣?dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭（有時(shí)有please），否定的祈使句一定是dont加動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭（有時(shí)有please）。把祈使句改為否定句只需在動(dòng)詞前加dont即可。六、時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的be動(dòng)詞：一般用原形：am is are am用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（I）；is用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（he she it和其他人

10、名或稱(chēng)謂，如：Ben his sister等）；are用于第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（you）和所有復(fù)數(shù)（包括第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)we、第二人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)you；第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)they和其他復(fù)數(shù)，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中的動(dòng)詞：第一種情況：主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（he she it 和其他，如Helen 、her cousin 等），動(dòng)詞后一般加s或es。第二種情況：主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞都用原形。（4）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)判斷依據(jù)（如何判斷一個(gè)句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）：be動(dòng)詞是am、is、are動(dòng)詞用原形或加s、es沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或有usually、often、everyday、so

11、metimes等不是具體的時(shí)間2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)（1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的be動(dòng)詞：一般用過(guò)去式：was were was用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（I）和第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（he she it和其他人名或稱(chēng)謂，如：Ben 、 his sister等）；were用于第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)（you）和所有復(fù)數(shù)（包括第一人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)we、第二人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)you；第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)they和其他復(fù)數(shù)，如the children 、 his parents等）。（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的動(dòng)詞：一般只有一種情況：+ed這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不同的是這里不管主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱(chēng)，也不管是單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)都加ed。（4）一般過(guò)去時(shí)判斷依據(jù)（如何判斷一個(gè)句子是一般過(guò)去時(shí)）

12、：be動(dòng)詞是was、were 動(dòng)詞加ed有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的常用的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：just now a moment ago yesterday last week last night last weekend last year last month three days ago two weeks ago five years ago this morning3、一般將來(lái)時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成形式：Be going to +動(dòng)詞原形， will + 動(dòng)詞原形 （2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生或某人打算做某事。（3）句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等詞。4、現(xiàn)

13、在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）構(gòu)成形式：Be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的ing形式這里強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，兩者缺少其中任何一種都不可以構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或事情正在發(fā)生。（3）有用的依據(jù)：一個(gè)句子中既有be動(dòng)詞，又有動(dòng)詞，且動(dòng)詞加了ing 該句是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（4）句中往往有now、look、listen等詞。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式、現(xiàn)在分詞的不規(guī)則變化：4be 是was, werebeing begin 開(kāi)始beganbeginning build 建筑builtbuilding buy 買(mǎi)boughtbuying can 能could無(wú) come 來(lái)camecoming copy 拷貝copiedcopying do

14、做diddoing draw 畫(huà)drewdrawing drink 喝drankdrinking drive 駕車(chē)drovedriving eat 吃ateeating feel 感覺(jué)feltfeeling find 找尋foundfinding fly飛flewflying forget 忘記forgotforgetting get 得到gotgetting give 給予gavegiving go 去wentgoing grow 成長(zhǎng)grewgrowing have 有hadhaving hear 聽(tīng)heardhearing keep 保持keptkeeping know 知道knewkn

15、owing learn學(xué)習(xí)learnt, learnedlearning let 讓letletting make 做mademaking may 可以might無(wú) mean 意思meantmeaning meet 見(jiàn)面metmeeting must 必須must無(wú) put 放putputting read 讀readreading ride 騎roderiding ring 響rangringing run 跑ranrunning say 說(shuō)saidsaying see 看見(jiàn)sawseeing sing 唱歌sangsinging sit 坐satsitting sleep 睡覺(jué)slepts

16、leeping speak 講話(huà)spokespeaking spend 花錢(qián)spentspending stand 站立stoodstanding sweep 打掃sweptsweeping swim 游泳swamswimming take 拿到tooktaking teach 教taughtteaching tell 講述toldtelling think思考thoughtthinking will 意愿would無(wú) write 寫(xiě)wrotewriting小升初英語(yǔ)考試，必須要掌握的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)（一） 一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags

17、, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以“ f 或 fe ”結(jié)變f 或 fe為v , 再加-es如：knife-knives      Leafleaves5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, pol

18、icewoman-policewomen, child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teeth6.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _peach_ sandwich 二、行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語(yǔ) don't( doesn't ) 動(dòng)詞

19、原形( 其它)。如： I don't like bread. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) 主語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞原形 其它。如：- Do you often play football?       - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如： - Does she go to work by bike?   &#

20、160;   - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.三、動(dòng)詞單三形式的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母 y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies四、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練:（一）、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry_co

21、me_ watch_ plant_fly_study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_（二）、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your pare

22、nts _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your home

23、work well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today?   Its Saturday五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也

24、可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be + V-ing.3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：(一)、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_

25、ski_read_ have_ sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit _ begin_ shop_(二)、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson .6.The

26、y _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is.六、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí)（一）、將來(lái)時(shí)，表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow, next day/week/mon

27、th/year.,soon,the day after tomorrow（后天）等。（二）、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to do；      will do.（三）、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not 成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. （4） 、同義句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming

28、 tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí)：填空1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)We _ _ _ learn English.We _ learn English. 7、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)1一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：yesterday，last week/mouth/year.，ago等等。 去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2Be動(dòng)詞

29、在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：am ，is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）3句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子否定句：didnt + 動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.     動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：workworked , cookcooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：livelived3末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stopstopped4以“輔

30、音字母 y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am,iswas, arewere, dodid, seesaw, saysaid, givegave, getgotgowent, comecame, havehad, eatate, taketook, runran, singsang,putput, makemade, readread, writewrote, drawdrew, drinkdrank,swimswam, sitsat過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí) (1)寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式isam_plant_ are_drink_ play_ go_ mak

31、e _does_ dance_ worry_ ask _taste_ eat_ put _kick_ pass_ do_練習(xí)：用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ at school just now.2. He _ at the camp last week.3. We _ students two years ago.4. They _ on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling _ eleven years old last year.6. There _ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There _ some m

32、ilk in the fridge on Sunday.8. The mobile phone _ on the sofa yesterday evening. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo

33、yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning? She _ (

34、find) a beautiful butterfly.8、 人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞 主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性 I me my mineyou you your yourshe him his hisshe her her hers it it its itswe us our oursthey them heir theirs習(xí)題（一）.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( s

35、he )3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )（二）.用am, is, are 填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not.2. The girl_ Jack's sister.3. The dog _ tall and fat.4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5. _ your brother in the clas

36、sroom?6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.7. How _ your father?8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.9. Whose dress _ this?小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)祈使句，感嘆句，疑問(wèn)句陳述句一祈使句Be careful!Please open your books.Let me have a try.Dont open the door.口訣：祈使句無(wú)主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)you常省去，動(dòng)詞原形當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，句首加dont變否定。二感嘆句：用what 和how引導(dǎo)，what 修飾的是名詞，how修飾的是副詞或形容詞。結(jié)

37、構(gòu)：What + a/an + 形+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）！What+形+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）！How+ 形/副 +（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）！_a fine day it is! （What）_useful work we have done! (What)_careful my mother is! (How)_delicious bread it is! (What)做題技巧：從右往左看，先劃掉感嘆號(hào)前的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)，剩下的是名詞就用what,剩下的是形容詞或者副詞就用how。當(dāng)然名詞還需辨別可數(shù)不可數(shù)來(lái)確定是否有冠詞a/an。三疑問(wèn)句疑問(wèn)句有一般疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)

38、句，反意疑問(wèn)句。1. 一般疑問(wèn)句：需要用yes或no來(lái)回答。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Have you locked the door? Yes, I have.Can you play the piano? Yes, I can.2. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：對(duì)句子中某一特殊部分提問(wèn)的疑問(wèn)句。結(jié)構(gòu)：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ 一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞：“非常6+1”，即6個(gè)W開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)詞（what/who/which/where/when/why）和1個(gè)H(How)開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)詞。how 與what的其他用法How much money do you want?How many pictures did you buy?Ho

39、w fast does he drive?How often do you go abroad?How many times do you go swimming in summer?How soon will you come back?How long have you been here？（2）What number are you?What color is your coat?What time is it?What day is it today?3. 選擇疑問(wèn)句：提供兩種或兩種以上的情況，供對(duì)方選擇的。選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用Yes和No回答，其答案只能是問(wèn)句中提到的兩個(gè)選擇之一，如果考

40、試中出現(xiàn)選擇疑問(wèn)句的選擇題，選項(xiàng)中的Yes和No都要排除.Do you like tea or coffee？ I like coffee.Do you speak English or French? I speak EnglishWho runs faster, Tom or John? Tom.4.反意疑問(wèn)句：附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)， 前肯后否，前否后肯。小升初英語(yǔ)考試中，一般以填空或者選擇的形式，讓孩子把反義疑問(wèn)句后半句補(bǔ)充完整，從而來(lái)考察孩子對(duì)反義疑問(wèn)句的掌握。He likes playing football, doesnt

41、he?He can speak English, cant he?其他類(lèi)型反意疑問(wèn)句的用法（1）There be 變成be thereThere are 3 dogs, arent there?Th here will be a meeting tomorrow, wont there?(2)祈使句后的反意疑問(wèn)句：肯定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句通常用will you 或wont you, 否定祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句只用will you。Pass me a book, will you?Have another cup of tea, wont you?Dont watch too much TV, wil

42、l you?Lets go shopping, shall we?Let us go now, will you?(3)陳述部分用 no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely,等否定含義的詞時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用肯定含義。Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they?He hardly says such words, does he?(4)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everything, something, anything, nothing時(shí)，其后的反

43、意疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用it。Everything is right, isnt it?Nothing is in the box, is it?(5)陳述句的主語(yǔ)是不定代詞everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none時(shí)，其后的反意疑問(wèn)句主語(yǔ)用they。Everybody has got the new books, havent they?Everyone knows his job, dont they?Anyone can do that, cant they?No one is inte

44、rested in math, are they?不定代詞做主語(yǔ)的反義疑問(wèn)句，指物的一般用it反問(wèn)，指人的用they反問(wèn)。(6)陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用didn't +主語(yǔ)或 usedn't +主語(yǔ)。She usted to climb the mountain, usednt she?/didnt she?(7)陳述部分有had better + do, 疑問(wèn)句部分用hadn't you?You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?(8) 含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)

45、句一般反映主句中主、謂之間的關(guān)系。She said that they were happy, didnt she?You think that you are funny, dont you?_?但如果主句是I think, I believe等時(shí)，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句反映的是that從句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。I think (that) he is serious, isnt he?I dont think (that) he is serious, is he?(9) 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定形式。 This is important, isn't it? He is

46、 unhappy, isnt he?四、肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.五、否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor.He does not (doesnt) work in a hospita

47、l. There are not (arent) four fans in our classroom. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening.注意 小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫(xiě)成“isnt，arent”，但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“dont , d

48、oesnt , didnt ）。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，都用“did” 。加強(qiáng)：一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢(xún)問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類(lèi)句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not.Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.Does he work in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.Are there fou

49、r fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent.Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont).Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday

50、 evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小結(jié)：一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫(xiě)，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did）再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致，即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞（助動(dòng)詞）和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類(lèi)句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來(lái)回答。如：What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? Im going to Beijing.Who played football with y you yesterday afternoon? Mik