英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法—狀語(yǔ)從句

1、1、本講內(nèi)容：學(xué)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句。、本講內(nèi)容：學(xué)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句。2、學(xué)習(xí)要求：、學(xué)習(xí)要求：（1）掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)。）掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)。（2）學(xué)會(huì)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。）學(xué)會(huì)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。3、學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：、學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：（1）本講重點(diǎn)：狀語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)。）本講重點(diǎn)：狀語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi)。（2）本講難點(diǎn)：從屬連詞之間的區(qū)別。）本講難點(diǎn)：從屬連詞之間的區(qū)別。4、典型例題解析：、典型例題解析： 狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，按意義可分中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞，按意義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等

2、狀語(yǔ)從句。從件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。從句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句首時(shí)，從句后面常用一個(gè)逗號(hào)，放在句末時(shí)，從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。在句末時(shí)，從句前一般不用逗號(hào)。1、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句： 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：有：when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once等引導(dǎo)。如：等引導(dǎo)。如： when he was still a young man, he was fo

3、rced to leave his homeland for political reasons. it has been 15 years since he left. ill tell him the news as soon as i see him. once you have got used to it, you will like it. i waited till he had finished his work.注意：注意：（1）when, as, while when即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又即可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，又可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句可引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作。它可以表示主句

4、的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如：句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如： when i was a boy, i used to go to the seashore on sundays.（同時(shí)）（同時(shí)） when the lesson was over, we began our writing.（從句動(dòng)作在前）（從句動(dòng)作在前） as引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，側(cè)重主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 he hurried home, looking behind as he went. i saw your

5、sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday. he sang as he walked.while：指的是：指的是“在某一時(shí)間里在某一時(shí)間里”，“在在 期間期間”，從句里的動(dòng)作必須，從句里的動(dòng)作必須是是 持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和持續(xù)性的，它也強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和 從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往從句動(dòng)作的同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往 側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比。如：如： while he was in london, he studied music. while we were watching tv, he was writing a compos

6、ition. while也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照的也可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照的意思。如：意思。如：he is tall while his brother is short. 當(dāng)當(dāng)when, as, while表示表示“在在一段一段時(shí)間里時(shí)間里”，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，主從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，可以換用。如：可以換用。如： while (when或或as) we were discussing, mr. smith came in. （2）如果）如果when和和before引導(dǎo)的從引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成句位于主句之后，有時(shí)不能譯成“當(dāng)當(dāng)時(shí)候時(shí)候” 和和“在在之前之前”，而，而要譯成

7、要譯成“就就”、“才才”、“這時(shí)這時(shí)”等。等。如：如： the struggle lasted four years before the north won in the end. he almost knocked me down before he saw me. she had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck by her beauty. i was walking in the street when i saw him. (3) by the time, each time, every

8、 time, immediately, the moment, the instant, the minute, soon after, shortly after都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)都可以作為連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： by the time he was fourteen, he had taught himself advanced mathematics. each time he came, he would call on me. you must show him in immediately he comes. i recognized him the moment

9、 i saw him.(4) till和和until 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞，通常用肯定式的主句，表示通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到直到為止為止”。如：。如： i worked till (until) he came back. 如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞， 則用否定式的主句表示則用否定式的主句表示“直直到到 才才”。如：。如： i didnt go to bed until (till) he came back.放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)一般用 until。如：。如： until he returns, noth

10、ing can be done.從句通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)而主句通常用完成時(shí)態(tài)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)since i left school, i have only seen him once. it has been raining ever since i lost my job. “it since”句型中，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。its eight years since he got married. 他結(jié)婚八年了。（7）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 不能用任何一種將來(lái)時(shí)，不能用任何一種將來(lái)時(shí)， 只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)表只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)表 示將來(lái)時(shí)。示將來(lái)時(shí)。2、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

11、從句：、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：通常由連詞通常由連詞where和和wherever引導(dǎo)。如：引導(dǎo)。如： go back where you came from. wherever you go, you must write to your parents. where there is a will, there is a way. where there is too much, the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.3、原因狀語(yǔ)從句：、原因狀語(yǔ)從句： 通常由連詞：通常由連詞：because, as, since

12、, now that引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別是:because：表示：表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤保苯佣鞔_的，直接而明確的原原 因和理由，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，因和理由，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，why提提 問(wèn)的句子，一般都用問(wèn)的句子，一般都用because 回答?；卮?。he didnt come because he was ill.since：表示：表示“既然既然”，語(yǔ)氣比，語(yǔ)氣比because弱。弱。since you are here, you must do it.as：表示：表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤闭Z(yǔ)氣比語(yǔ)氣比because輕，輕，引引 導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。導(dǎo)從句可放主句前也可放主句后。you neednt go w

13、ith me, as you are busy.as i was afraid, i hid myself.now that意思與意思與since相似，表示相似，表示“既既然然”。 now that you are in high school, you will probably spend more in reading. now that all the guests have arrived, lets have our dinner.注意：注意： 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句， 只能用只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用引導(dǎo)，不可用as或或 since，如：，如

14、： it was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. because可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,而而 as, since不可以，這時(shí)狀語(yǔ)一不可以，這時(shí)狀語(yǔ)一 般都是般都是it, this, that its because he is too lazy. for也表示也表示“因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椤保遣?，但是并列?連詞，它連接的不是狀語(yǔ)從連詞，它連接的不是狀語(yǔ)從 句，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)。句，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)。 it must be morning,for the birds are singing.4、目的狀語(yǔ)從句：、目的狀語(yǔ)從句： 通常由通常由that,

15、 so that, in order that, sothat, lest, in case（以防、免得）等（以防、免得）等引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)： he got up early in order that he could catch the early bus. she married him so that she might tend and comfort him. i explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.lest (以免，免得以免，免得), for fear that i hid the book lest

16、 (=for fear that) he should see it.目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有目的狀語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有may (might), can (could) should, will等情等情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞。態(tài)動(dòng)詞。5、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：由由that, so that, sothat, suchthat引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)： it was very cold, so that the river froze. the book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts. there were so man

17、y people (=such a lot of people) in the room that we could not get in. he made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.6、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句: 由由 if, unless, as long as (=so long as) (只要只要), in case (that) (如果，萬(wàn)如果，萬(wàn)一一)等引導(dǎo)：等引導(dǎo)： if plastics and rubber are burned, they give off poisonous gases. un

18、less you work hard, you will fail, you can go out, as long as (so long as ) you promise to be back before eleven. in case i forget, please remind me about that. 注意：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)注意：條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在詞的時(shí)態(tài)不可用將來(lái)時(shí)，只能用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。7、方式狀語(yǔ)從句：、方式狀語(yǔ)從句：由連詞：由連詞：as, as if, as though引導(dǎo)：引導(dǎo)： t

19、he teacher told the students to do as he did. leave it as it is. he heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. i saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything. as if和和as though意義和用法大致一意義和用法大致一樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但也樣，引導(dǎo)的從句多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣?？捎藐愂稣Z(yǔ)氣。he treats me as if i were

20、 his own son.he walked as if he were drunk. 8、比較狀語(yǔ)從句：、比較狀語(yǔ)從句： 由連詞由連詞asas, not so(as) as, than等引導(dǎo)：等引導(dǎo)： i hope it was as good as the one you lent me. actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area. no one can be more fit for his office than he is. he cant run so fast as she.

21、注意：注意：“the+比較級(jí)比較級(jí)(接從句接從句)，the+比比較較 級(jí)級(jí)(接主句接主句)，這一句型也歸在比，這一句型也歸在比 較狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)。如：較狀語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)。如： the more you study, the more you know. the harder we work, the happier we feel.9、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句： 由由though, although, as (雖雖然盡管然盡管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo).whateverwhoeverwhicheverwhen

22、everwhereverhoweverwh - everno matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howno matter wh- though he is old, yet he is active. although most of the people agreed, some were not willing to accepted. proud as the nobles are, he is afraid to see me. we wouldnt lose he

23、art even if we should fail ten times. whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome. wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study. take the one you like best, whichever (no matter which) it is. no matter what i say or how i say it, he always thinks im wr

24、ong. whether he comes or not, well discuss the problem this afternoon.注意：注意： （1）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在可放前也可放后，有時(shí)還可以插在主句中間，前置時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，主句中間，前置時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句內(nèi)容，后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。后置時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句內(nèi)容。 （2）though與與although同義，用同義，用法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化；法基本一樣，前者通俗，口語(yǔ)化；后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與后者較正式，多放于句首，不能與but連用，但可以與連用，但可以與yet, sti

25、ll等連用，等連用，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。though ( although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.（3）as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)從句部分引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)從句部分 語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。如：語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。如： young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign language.（表語(yǔ)提前）（表語(yǔ)提前） child as he was, he had to support the family.（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞）（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞） surr

26、ounded as we were by the enemy, we managed to march forward.（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞）（表語(yǔ)名詞提前并常省去冠詞）狀語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)從句的“簡(jiǎn)化簡(jiǎn)化”現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象象 一、當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。if (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.you must attend the class unless (it is) inconvenient to you.二、當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句可以將主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。 1.連詞+形容詞as (he was) young, he le