高考英語語法：定語從句復習學案

1、高考英語語法定語從句復習學案一. 定語從句的概念在復合句中，修飾某一或的從句叫定語從句。定語從句在句中相當于一個形容詞，起“定語"的作用，修飾說明名詞、代詞或主句全部內(nèi)容；通常在被修飾的詞語之 后，定語從句所修飾的詞叫，引導定語從句的詞叫“關系詞”。關系詞包括關系代詞（who, whom, which, that, whose.）和關系副詞（when, where, why）."關系詞”具有的二種功 能：（1）引導一個定語從句，替代它前面的先行詞，在中充當成分。（作主語/賓語/定語/狀語）二. 關系詞的作用（1）關系代詞的作用主語賓語定語指人指物（2）關系副詞的作用狀語指時

2、間指地點reason（有時先行詞為抽象的名詞,如：situation, stage, point, life, activity等，表示模糊的地點,用引導定語從句，在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語。三.that與which的區(qū)別hat和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換：1 .但在下列情況下,一般用o(1) 先行詞為 everything, nothing, something, anything, all, much , little 等不定代詞或被不定代 詞修飾時。(2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。(3) 先行詞被the only, the very,修飾時(4) 先行詞既有人又有物時。2

3、. 在下列情況下只能用(1) 引導非限定性定語從句(2) 跟在介詞后四. 作介詞賓語指人只能用,指物只能用五. as與which引導非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別關系代詞引導的非限定性定語從句位于句首時用, as通常表示的意思。.六.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別1. 從概念上區(qū)別同位語從句屬于名詞性從句，用來對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋和說明，同位語從句所表 達的內(nèi)容與作為中心詞的名詞短語所表達的內(nèi)容可以劃上一個等號；而定語從句屬于形容詞 性從句，與先行詞之間是修飾與被修飾、限制與被限制的關系。e.g. 1 .the news that our football team won the match is

4、 very exciting.2. the news that i heard over the radio was very exciting.2. 從詞類上區(qū)別同位語從句之前的名詞一般為 fact, suggestion, possibility, truth, idea, hope, promise, word 等 表示抽象意義的名詞；而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞、代詞或整個句子。e.g.l. he had the feeling that he would not see her again.2. word came that he had gone abroad.3. this is

5、 tom, whose class you will be taking.4. he drank beer, which made him fat.3. 根據(jù)引導詞來區(qū)別引導同位語從句的that,在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，而且不能省略；引導定語 從句中的that除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當相應的成分(主語或賓語)，且作賓語時可 以省略。定語從句練習題一.填空1. the mancame to our school is mr.wang.2. the girli met is lucy.3.1 like the bookyou bought yesterday.4. she is n

6、ot on the trainarrived just now.5. the boycomputer does not work well needs your help.6. we study in the classroomdoor faces south.7. do you know the boy withi talked just now?8. this is the housewe lived in last year.9. this is the house inwe lived last year.10. they have reached the pointthey have

7、 to separated with each other11.1 am sure she has somethingyou can borrow.12. this is the first bookhe has read.13. he gave his mother a color tv set for her birthday,pleased her a lot.14. we all know, the earth is round.15.1 still remember the dayshe first wore that pink dress.16. this is the placehe works.17. the reasonhe was late for school was that he didn't catch the bus.18. the reasonhe gave fbr his being late was that he didn't catch the bus.二. 改錯 1 . i'm using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. the boy wh