初中英語八種動詞時態(tài)_包含練習(xí)題

1、初中語法專題動詞時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去將來時時時過去過去 將來將來 態(tài)態(tài) 動作的進(jìn)展情況動作的進(jìn)展情況 完成完成( (動作結(jié)束動作結(jié)束) )進(jìn)行進(jìn)行( (正在進(jìn)行動作正在進(jìn)行動作) )一般一般( (一次或多次的動作一次或多次的動作) ) time現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 過過過過 時間時間狀態(tài)狀態(tài)過過 去去 現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在在 將將 來來過去將來過去將來一般一般一般過去一般過去將來將來進(jìn)行進(jìn)行完成完成一般過去一般過去現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成一般現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在過去進(jìn)行過去進(jìn)行過去完成過去完成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行一般將來一般將來一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時概念：概念：1. 經(jīng)常習(xí)慣的動作

2、經(jīng)常習(xí)慣的動作 頻率詞頻率詞2. 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理 knowledge is power. 3. 現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時時time現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 持續(xù)的狀態(tài)持續(xù)的狀態(tài) 反復(fù)的動作反復(fù)的動作 態(tài)態(tài)language一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 常用時間狀語常用時間狀語 ： usually, sometimes, always, once a week，often, in spring, every day 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞動詞；行為動詞 否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成：am/is/are+not; dont+動原動原 doesnt+動原動原 一般疑問句：一般疑問句：把把be

3、動詞放于句首動詞放于句首 do+主語主語+動原動原+其它？其它？yes,i do. does+主語主語+動原動原+其它其它？no,he doesnt. 特殊疑問舉例特殊疑問舉例 ：what do you often do on sundays? where does he live? 具體什么情況下用？表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示主語通常的能力、興趣愛好、和性格特征。表示客觀的事實(shí)或真理。表示按照時刻表或已經(jīng)計(jì)劃安排好的將來行為。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示開始或移動意義的詞。）在

4、時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(will+動詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。-when will you come to see me, dad? -i will go to see you when you _the training course.a. will have finished b. will finish c. are finishing d. finish d當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，加- -s/ess/es。除此之外都用動詞原形。動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 規(guī)則例子一般在詞尾加-s，(清輔音后讀/s/，在濁輔音后讀/z/；在t

5、后讀/ts/,在d后讀/dz/。)playplays leaveleavesswimswims以字母s, x, ch, sh, o結(jié)尾的詞加-es，讀/iz/,如果動詞原形詞尾已有e,則只加-s。pass passes fixfixesteachteaches wishwishesdodoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i, 再加-es,讀/z/studystudystudies studies carrycarrycarriescarriesflyflyfliesflies1. 1. he_(behe_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at no. 2 middle

6、 , am, is, are) a teacher at no. 2 middle school.school.2. 2. he_(havehe_(have, has) classes in the afternoon., has) classes in the afternoon.3. 3. he_(gethe_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning., gets) up at half past six every morning.4. 4. he always _(come, comes ) to school he always _(

7、come, comes ) to school on time. on time.5. 5. he _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.he _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson.6. 6. one and two _(be, is, are) three.one and two _(be, is, are) three.7. 7. blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.blue and yellow _(make, makes) green.8. 8. the e

8、arth _(move, moves) round the sun.the earth _(move, moves) round the sun.9. 9. i will go there if i _( be, will be, am, is, are) free i will go there if i _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.tomorrow.10. 10. i will go there when i _(have, will i will go there when i _(have, will have, has) ti

9、me tomorrow.have, has) time tomorrow.11. 11. he wont come to the party unless he he wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited._(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.12. 12. ill wait here until my mother ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back._(come, come

10、s, will come) back.13. 13. please return the book to the library as please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it.finish) reading it.14. 14. once you _(see, sees, will see) him, once you _(see, sees, will see) hi

11、m, you will never forget him.you will never forget him.一般過去時概念：概念：1 1.時時過去過去 一次一次/多次多次 態(tài)態(tài)time 一般過去時明示: yesterday/ago/last./in 1990暗示: when i was a little girl/ when she put.時間狀語：時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last weekago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week，in 1989, just

12、now, at the age of 5, one day, long in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long longlong ago, once ago, once upon a time, etc.upon a time, etc.動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成： was/were 動詞過去時（動詞過去時（-ed） worked used to+動原（意思：過去常常）動原（意思：過去常常）否定形式：否定形式：was/was/were+notwere+not; ; didnt+動原動原 didnt work used not +動原動原 us

13、ed not to work一般疑問句：一般疑問句：waswas或或wwereere放于句首；放于句首； did+主語主語+動原動原+其它其它 特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：what did he do yesterday? when did he get up this morning? 謂語動詞使用過去式形式，規(guī)則變化加ed，不規(guī)則變化見下表。構(gòu)成規(guī)則構(gòu)成規(guī)則例子例子一般在動詞原形末尾加-ed，(在清輔音后讀/t/；在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/；在/t/,/d/后讀/id/。looklooked playplayedworkworked結(jié)尾是e的動詞在末尾加-dlikeliked livelived

14、hopehoped末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-edplanplanned stopstoppeddropdropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y”的動詞，先變“y”為“i”再加-edstudystudied worryworriedcrycriedhe_(behe_(be, was, were, been) here a , was, were, been) here a moment ago.moment ago.they _(be, was, were, been) here just they _(be, was, were, been) here just no

15、w.now.the scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, the scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for america yesterday.left) for america yesterday.last week we _(visit, visited ) the last week we _(visit, visited ) the science museum.science museum.when i was a child, i often _(play, when i was a child,

16、i often _(play, played) football.played) football.the students ran out of the classroom as the students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).一般將來時u willu be going tou be to doube about to dotime現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 將來將來 一般將來時安排好、有計(jì)安排好、有計(jì)劃做某事劃做某事即將做某事即

17、將做某事will,shallwill,shall+ +動詞原形動詞原形（其中其中shallshall只用于第只用于第一人稱一人稱），表示無計(jì)劃將要做某事），表示無計(jì)劃將要做某事。be going to +be going to +動詞原形，表示按計(jì)劃，安動詞原形，表示按計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事情。排要發(fā)生的事情。 be to +be to +動詞原形，表示動詞原形，表示命令命令 be about to + be about to +動原動原，意為，意為立馬發(fā)生的立馬發(fā)生的事事。某些動詞，可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來，如某些動詞，可用進(jìn)行時態(tài)表將來，如come, go, arrive, leavecome,

18、go, arrive, leave等表示開始或移動意等表示開始或移動意義的詞義的詞。時間狀語：時間狀語：tomorrow, next tomorrow, next day(weekday(week, month, year),soon, , month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. after tomorrow, etc. ：主語：主語+am/is/are not going to do +am/is/are not going to do

19、；主語；主語+will/shall not do+will/shall not do+其他其他 ：1 1、bebe放于句首；放于句首； 2 2、will/shallwill/shall提到句首。提到句首。 she will be back in three days.she will be back in three days.（肯定）（肯定） she will not be back in three days.she will not be back in three days.（否定）（否定） will she be back in three days?will she be back

20、 in three days?（一般疑問句）（一般疑問句）they are going to clean their classroom.they are going to clean their classroom.（肯定（肯定) ) they are not going to clean their classroom. they are not going to clean their classroom. （否定）（否定） are they going to clean their classroom?are they going to clean their classroom?（一

21、般疑問句）（一般疑問句）特殊疑問句特殊疑問句:what will you do tomorrow?what will you do tomorrow?when are we going to have a class meeting?when are we going to have a class meeting? 注意：注意：在在if（譯為如果）（譯為如果）條件狀語從句，或條件狀語從句，或as soon as（一（一就）等就）等時間狀語從句中用時間狀語從句中用一般一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時代替代替一般將來時一般將來時。1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?a will;

22、 going to be b are; going to be c are; / d will; be2 i dont know if his uncle _. i think he _ if it doesnt rain.a will come; comes b will come; will come c comes; comes d comes; will come3 he will be back _a few minutes. a with b for c on d in4 what time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? a will b shall

23、 c do d are5 he will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.a finishes b doesnt finish c will finish d wont finish 補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容： in加時間段，用于將來時，表示將來一段時間后。加時間段，用于將來時，表示將來一段時間后。 after加時間段，用于過去時，表示從過去某個時加時間段，用于過去時，表示從過去某個時間點(diǎn)算起一段時間后。另外，間點(diǎn)算起一段時間后。另外，after還可接時間點(diǎn)，還可接時間點(diǎn)，既可用于將來時也可用于過去時。例：既可用于將來時也可用于過去時

24、。例：he will be back in two days. 他兩天后會回來的。他兩天后會回來的。he came back after two days. 他兩天后回來了。他兩天后回來了。he came back after two oclock.他兩點(diǎn)后回來了。他兩點(diǎn)后回來了。he will come back after two oclock.他兩點(diǎn)后會回他兩點(diǎn)后會回來的。來的。 6 there _some showers this afternoon.a will be b will have c is going to be d are going to have 7 it _my

25、brothers birthday tomorrow. he _a party.a is going to be; will have b will be; is having c will be; is going to have d will have; is going to be8 li ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. a is b is going to be c will be d will to be 過去將來時過去將來過去將來 time過去過去 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 過去將來時 用法：用法：從過去某時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)從過去某

26、時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語：the next week等等動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成： 1、would/should+動原動原 2、 was/were going to+動原動原 3、was/were (about) to+動原動原以以work為例：為例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were (about) to work否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成：would/should not was/were not 特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例：he asked what they would do the next week

27、. 1.i told my friend that i _ (should/ would arrive, shall/ will arrive) soon.2.they looked at those clouds over the sky. it_(is going to rain, was going to rain).3.they said that they _(are to meet, were to meet) at the gate the next day.4.we _(are about to go, were about to go) out when it started

28、 to rain.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時time現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 時時態(tài)態(tài)現(xiàn)在/過去 進(jìn)行時過去過去 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：時間狀語：時間狀語：now, at this time, days, looknow, at this time, days, look， listen listen等時間狀語做標(biāo)志。等時間狀語做標(biāo)志。動詞構(gòu)成動詞構(gòu)成 ： am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) am/is/are working否定構(gòu)成否定構(gòu)成 ：am/is/are+not+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 一般疑問句：一般疑問句：am/is/are+主語主語+現(xiàn)在

29、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 + 其它？其它？ 回答：回答：yes,i am (he is.) no, they arent 特殊疑問舉例：特殊疑問舉例：what are you doing now? who is flying a kite there?1) 1)、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行的動、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時此刻此時此刻”。 e.g. he is reading . e.g. he is reading . they are talking now. they are talking now.2) 2)、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動、當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作作e.g

30、. they are working these days.e.g. they are working these days.3) 3)、 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，表預(yù)定預(yù)定的計(jì)劃的計(jì)劃或或即將發(fā)生的動作即將發(fā)生的動作。例如：例如：go,come,leave,arrive,returngo,come,leave,arrive,returne.ge.g i am coming. i am coming.1.i _(write, am writing, is writing, are writing) a letter now.2.look, it _(begin, is b

31、eginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain.3.they _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the medical institute of chengde these days.4.he _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an english lesson at this time.概念：概念：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作時間狀語時間狀語:

32、:at this time yesterday, at that timeat this time yesterday, at that time或以或以whenwhen引引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語主語+was/were +doing +was/were +doing +其他其他 例：例：was/were workingwas/were working否定形式：否定形式：主語主語+was/were+ not +doing+was/were+ not +doing+其他其他一般疑問句一般疑問句: was/were+was

33、/were+主語主語+ +現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞+ +其它？其它？ yes, i was.yes, i was. no, i wasnt.no, i wasnt.特殊疑問句舉例：特殊疑問句舉例：what were you dong this time yesterday? what were you dong this time yesterday? where was he standing when the teacherwhere was he standing when the teacher came in?came in?過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時常與過去某一特定時間的狀語連用，如 last

34、night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last sunday 等。 也有時沒有時間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時。1.i _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived.2.what _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening?3.we_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell

35、 rang.4.while/ when/ as we_( have, had, are having, were having) dinner, the doorbell rang.現(xiàn)在完成時用法：用法：1. 過去發(fā)生的動作，對過去發(fā)生的動作，對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在有有影響影響 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 time過去過去2. 從過去從過去持續(xù)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作到現(xiàn)在的動作現(xiàn)現(xiàn) 在在 time過去過去用法用法: 1、發(fā)生在過去的動作且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作、發(fā)生在過去的動作且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作, 強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響. 2、從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作、從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作常用時間狀語：常用時間狀語

36、：already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+過去的點(diǎn)過去的點(diǎn) 時間時間,for+段時間段時間動詞構(gòu)成：動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞過去分詞(-ed) have/has worked否定構(gòu)成：否定構(gòu)成：have/has not+過去分詞過去分詞一般疑問句：一般疑問句：have/has+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問句：what have you done recently? how long has he lived in beijing?備注：備注：非延續(xù)性動詞

37、不能與非延續(xù)性動詞不能與for, since,how long等等 表示段時間表示段時間 的短語同時使用。的短語同時使用。 非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性，常見的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，這些動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。 有些同學(xué)錯誤地認(rèn)為這類非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成時態(tài)中。其實(shí)，錯誤的本質(zhì)在于非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段的錯

38、誤搭配，與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)無關(guān)。 在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯誤地直譯為：he has fallen asleep for an hour.他睡了一小時了。（）his father has died for three years.他父親去世三年了。（）當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種情況時，我們往往采取以下解決方法：（1）將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞。所謂狀態(tài)動詞就是指這一動作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如： he has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”為短暫動作，但be asleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動

39、詞，可延續(xù)。） his father has been dead for three years.（die為短暫動詞，“死”后的狀態(tài)可用“be dead”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來描述，可延續(xù)。）瞬間持續(xù)buy haveborrow keepbegin/start be ongo/leavebe awaydiebe deadget marriedbe marriedget donebe done have been to a place意思是“到過、去過”，表示去了回來了；have gone to a place表示“去了”，表示去了還沒回來。1. you have _ a tall young man.

40、 a grown b grown into c grown us d grown up2. he has _ the watch for a year. a buy b bought c have d had3. has your brother _ the dog? a kept in b fed c fed on d kept on4. i _this book for two weeks, i have to return it now.a borrowed b have borrowed c kept d have kept5. have you ever _to the great

41、wall? its very beautiful. a gone b been c went d go 6. her brother _the party since 1978. a joined b has joined c has been in d was in 7. the greens _many places of interest since they came to china. a will visit b visited c have visited d visit8 im sorry, i _ your name. a had forgotten b forgot c h

42、ave forgotten d forgotten9 the bookshop _ for eight years. a has been open b has been opened c has opened d has open10 we have all the paper so we need to buy some.a used up b made of c filled with d hunted for11 the flower i _grown up. a planted has b planted have c has planted d have planted巧解現(xiàn)在完成

43、時態(tài)題巧解現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)題(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時間的狀語連用:for+一段時間;since+點(diǎn)時間(since作連詞后接從句時,該從句要用一般過去時) 。(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。趁熱打鐵1. the oriental pearl tv tower _ tens of thousands 1. the oriental pearl tv tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995.

44、 of visitors since 1995. a.a.attracted b. attracts attracted b. attracts c. has attracted d. will attract c. has attracted d. will attract 2. how long _ you _ here? 2. how long _ you _ here? for about two years so far. for about two years so far.a.a.have, studied b. did, live have, studied b. did, l

45、ive c. do, stay d. were, swimming c. do, stay d. were, swimming 3. how is your father? i _him for a long time.he is 3. how is your father? i _him for a long time.he is fine, but busy.fine, but busy.a.a.dont see b. hadnt seen dont see b. hadnt seen c. didnt see d. havent seen c. didnt see d. havent s

46、een 4. 4. meimeimeimei has received several letters from her hometown has received several letters from her hometown since she _ to the city.since she _ to the city. a. cameb. comes c. has comed. will come a. cameb. comes c. has comed. will come (1) 在做時態(tài)題時,注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞:yet, already, never, l

47、ately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。(2) 句型:it has been + 段時間+since + 過去時. 也可以表示為: it is + 段時間+since + 過去時.1. 1.what are you going to do this weekend? what are you going to do this weekend? i _ yet. i _ yet.a.a.havent decided b. wont decide havent decided b. wont decide c. have decided

48、 d. didnt decide c. have decided d. didnt decide 2. my mother _ the windows already, so the room looks 2. my mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. much brighter. a.a.has cleaned b. had cleaned has cleaned b. had cleaned c. is cleaning d. will clean c. is cleaning d. will cle

49、an 3. it _ ten years since we last _ in beijing. 3. it _ ten years since we last _ in beijing. a.a.was, met b. has been, met was, met b. has been, met c. was, meet d. is, meet c. was, meet d. is, meet 4. how long has the weather been like this? 4. how long has the weather been like this? _. _.a.a.un

50、til last night b. ever since last night until last night b. ever since last night c. two days ago d. two days later c. two days ago d. two days later have been to 曾經(jīng)去過某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷)have gone to去了某處(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來) 趁熱打鐵1. is that jack speaking? sorry, he isnt in right now. he _ the

51、cinema with his aunt. a.has been to b. has gone to c. have been to d. have gone to 2. hello, may i speak to your father, please? sorry, my father _ to shanghai. he went there this morning. a. goes b. has gone c. has beend. go 3. how many times _ you _ to beijing this year? three times. a.have, been

52、b. had, been c. have, gone d. had gone延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作可以持續(xù)的動詞。如:have, keep, study, live, teach等。非延續(xù)性動詞是指那些動作瞬間完成的動詞。如:begin, buy, borrow, lend等。做題時,要注意句中是否有段時間,如果有則用延續(xù)性動詞。趁熱打鐵1. oh, mrs. king, your dress looks nice. is it new? 1. oh, mrs. king, your dress looks nice. is it new? no, i _ it since two years

53、 ago. no, i _ it since two years ago. a.a.had b. bought had b. bought c. have had d. have boughtc. have had d. have bought2. tom _ the cd player for two weeks. 2. tom _ the cd player for two weeks. a.a.has lent b. has borrowed has lent b. has borrowed c. has bought d. has had c. has bought d. has had 3. how long has the foreigner _ here? 3. how long has the foreigner _ here? he has _ here for several hours. he has _ here for