what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法

1、 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的五種用法 一、用法歸納 1. 表示“的東西或事情”： They've done what they can to help her. 他們已經(jīng)盡力幫助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他賺多少，積蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 瑪麗的職務(wù)是秘書。 2. 表示“的人或的樣子”： He is no longer what he was. 他已經(jīng)不是以前的那個(gè)樣子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人們通常所說的叛徒。 Who is it that

2、 has made Fred what he is now? 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這個(gè)樣子的？ 3. 表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是10年前的兩倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生的數(shù)量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“的時(shí)間”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bit

3、ter smile. 似乎過了幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才苦笑著出來。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩嚇得不敢說話，在那兒站了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 5. 表示“的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱為鹽湖城的地方。 In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。 二、用法說明 (1) 這樣用的what相當(dāng)于

4、“先行詞+關(guān)系代詞”，所以其前不能有先行詞： 你喜歡什么就拿什么吧。 正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 誤：You can have everything what you like. (2) 有時(shí)what 可用作限定詞，其后修飾一個(gè)名詞： I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的書都給他了。 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。 (3) What 后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，

5、但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞： 誤：I gave him what book I had. (4) What后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)可有l(wèi)ittle修飾。注意區(qū)別：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。 如： I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的時(shí)間都是與她一起度過的。 I spent what little time I had with her. 我僅有的一點(diǎn)時(shí)間都是與她一起度過的 連接代詞that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法比較 2009-04-13 23:22 先看下面一道單項(xiàng)選擇題： _impressed

6、me most was _such a little boy could play the violin so A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. 很明顯，這道題考查的知識要點(diǎn)是名詞性從句。名詞性從句是高中階段的重要語法項(xiàng)目之一要語法項(xiàng)目之一，是高中階段的重點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)，尤其對于連接代詞that 和what 的用法幾乎是靠“蒙”來尋求答案。以這道題為例，第一空是what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，并在主語從的表語從句，that在表語從句中不能省略，不作成分，也沒詞義。雖然that 和what 都可中的語法功能截然不同。下面我們結(jié)合2005年和2006

7、年全國及各省市高考英語試題中tha引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的用法加以比較和區(qū)別。 一2006年全國及各省市高考英語試題中that 與 what 的相關(guān)題目 1. - What did your parents think about your decision? - They always let me do I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what I T16 ) 解析：這一題的正確答案是D。what 在本題中引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并作動詞do 的賓語。 2Engines are to machines hearts are to animals. A

8、. as B. that C. what D. which 東 T23 ) 解析：這一題的正確答案是C。本題漢語意思為“發(fā)動機(jī)對于機(jī)器正如心臟對于動物一樣”結(jié)構(gòu)是“A is to B what C is to D ”。在這個(gè)句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，what 引導(dǎo)的表語從句作第表語從句中又作表語。 3. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feelingn of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 南 T34 ) 解析：這一題的正確答案是B。本題考查賓語從句的

9、用法，因從句he was a man of action且表達(dá)肯定意義，所以此空應(yīng)填入連詞that, that 只起連接作用，不作句子成分。 4- It's thirty years since we last met. - But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we A. which B. that C. what D. when 30 ) 解析：這一題的正確答案是B。本題考查that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句的用法，兩個(gè)逗號之間的語，因空的后面是一個(gè)語法意義上完整的句子，可以斷定這是一個(gè)以that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從從句中要作成分

10、；C項(xiàng)What 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)意思是 “-的東西/事情/人/時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)詞 + that ”，本句中已有先行詞 the story, 如選 what造成語意的重復(fù)；D項(xiàng)when 行詞。 二that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 首先，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that 一般具有不可省略性。 連接代詞that除引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略外，引導(dǎo)其他各類名詞性從句皆不能省略。 It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people ccount. - Don't you think it necessary that

11、he not be sent to Miami but to Ne- I agree, but the problem is that he has refused to. There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for ( 2006 天津 T14 ) Our English teacher told us (that) we all did very well in the examinatiol mark. 以上四個(gè)句子中，that 分別引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句和賓語從句，除在第四個(gè)其

12、他的that 均不可省略。 其次，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that不作句子中的任何成分。例如： Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class that he had trt. 33 ) 該句中，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，但在句中不作任何成分。 It is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a strongey. ) 該句中，it 是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句才是整個(gè)句子的真正主語，that在句中不作最后，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that沒有任何詞匯

13、意義。 A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to r's birthday. ( Danby left word with my secretary that he would call again in the aftern 2005浙江) 在以上兩個(gè)考例中，that僅起引導(dǎo)同位語從句的作用，沒有任何詞匯意義。 綜上所述，that 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)具有三大特點(diǎn)：不可省略，不作成分，沒有詞義。 三 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 首先，what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，what 在句中不省略。

14、這一用法與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的用法不盡相同。 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning what his te06 上海 T39 ） what 在該句中引導(dǎo)賓語從句，what 不可省略。 Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it wso poorly equipped. what在該句中引導(dǎo)表語從句，但在句中不可省略。 其次，what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，具有詞匯意義。 這是what 與that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的

15、重要區(qū)別之一，What 一般指“-的東西/事情/人 Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom? what在該句中引導(dǎo)同位語從句并作這個(gè)同位語從句的主語，詞義為“-的東西、事情”，室里到底發(fā)生了什么事”。 It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. 這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是由what引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)主語從句，what在句中的詞義為“漢語意思是“關(guān)鍵要看你做什么而不是說什么”。 最后，what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不僅只起引導(dǎo)作用，同時(shí)還要作句中

16、的某個(gè)句法成分。 這一點(diǎn)是what 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)與that 用法區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵所在。 I just wonder that makes him so excited. A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is這一題的正確答案是D,是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型作賓語的典型考例，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分what 在句中不僅賓語從句中作makes 的主語。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago. 在這個(gè)句子中，what 引導(dǎo)的從句作了介詞in 的賓語，同

17、時(shí)what 又在賓語從句中充當(dāng)主注意的是，在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，that 引導(dǎo)的句子一般不作介詞的賓語，相反，由what 更為常見。例如： The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at what I thoughd. 海春招 ) 本題中，介詞at后面用了what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，what在賓語從句中作主語，而that不可 綜上所述，what 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)具有三大特點(diǎn)：不可省略，作成分，有詞義。 總之，掌握連接代詞that和what在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的用法并不難，關(guān)鍵是要多讀希望各位英語習(xí)得者悟其道而踐其行。 hat 引導(dǎo)

18、名詞性從句用法探究 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，其用法如下： 一、用作代詞，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語，其含義如下： 1.“什么；多少；的，所的”。如： I don't know what it is, call it what you like.我不知道它是什么，你想叫它什么就叫它什么吧。 It matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.重要的不僅僅是你怎么想，而且是別人認(rèn)為你怎么想及你認(rèn)為他們認(rèn)為你怎么想。 H

19、e asked what the price was.他問價(jià)格是多少。 What she couldn't understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.她所不能理解的是為什么越來越少的學(xué)生對她的課感興趣。 Please tell me what you think of our chemistry teacher.請告訴我你對我們化學(xué)老師的看法。 2.“的樣子，面貌，狀況”。如 He seems different from what he used to be.他似乎跟過去不一樣

20、了。 What a person looks like is not as important as what he or she grows up to be.（高一新教材上p.81）一個(gè)人的長相并不重要，重要的是他或她長大后將成為什么樣的人。 Science has told us so much about the moon that it is fairly easy to imagine what it would be like out there.科學(xué)已向我們提供了很多關(guān)于月球的情況，因此我們就很容易想象那兒的狀況了。 3.“的地方”。如： A modern city has b

21、een set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where (2004年天津高考題) （答案A）一座現(xiàn)代化城市已在十年前還是一片荒地的地方建起了。 When Columbus first got to _ is now North America, he called the people he met there “Indians”.當(dāng)哥倫布首次到達(dá)今天為北美的那個(gè)地方時(shí)，他把他在那兒所遇到的人稱作“印第安人”。 Thus eight people were crowded into wha

22、t was really no more than a single room.于是八口人就擠在實(shí)際只有一個(gè)房間的屋子里。 4.“的時(shí)間”。如： After what seemed to be a long time, the soldier came back to life.似乎過了很長時(shí)間之后，士兵蘇醒了過來。 After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed!似乎過了很久之后，我睜開雙眼，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)自己還在床上。 二、用作形容詞，在從句中作定語。 1.后接名詞，意為： （1）“什么；多

23、少；多么”。如： I don't know what machine they are making.我不知道他們在制造什么機(jī)器。 He did not realize what a mistake he had made.他沒有意識到他犯了多么嚴(yán)重的錯誤。 We agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from the date and time, no matter what our conditions might be or from what distance we might

24、have to come.我們那天晚上約定，不論我們的情況怎樣或我們得從多遠(yuǎn)的地方趕來，我們都會從那天起正好二十年之后在這兒再相見。 （2）（所）的（事物或人）”。如： What education he had was picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. 他所受的教育都是迫于需要，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地得來的。 I will give them what help I can.我將盡我能力幫助他們。 What family and friends I still have live abroad.我現(xiàn)在所有的家人和朋友

25、 都住在國外。 2.后接little, few，意為“全部的盡管不多；僅有的那么一點(diǎn)；小的；不重要的”。如： The home improvements have taken what little there is _ my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at (2001年全國高考題) (答案C)住宅的裝修花去了我僅有的那么一點(diǎn)業(yè)余時(shí)間的全部。 His mind and mine, what little I had, seemed to run together, move in the same channel.他的心和我的小小的心似乎是連在一起的

26、，總是往一處想。 What引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在中學(xué)教材中出現(xiàn)頻率極高，也是高考的重要考點(diǎn)之一，所以由其引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的用法應(yīng)引起我們足夠的重視。本文將從以下幾個(gè)方面來談?wù)勅绾握莆蘸眠@一重要語法： 一. 要掌握好what在句子中的語義。 1. 表示“的人”，相當(dāng)于the person that。如： He is not what he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now？ 是誰把弗雷德培養(yǎng)成現(xiàn)在這樣一個(gè)人的？ 2. 表示“的地方”，相當(dāng)于the place

27、that。如： This is what they call Salt Lake City. 這就是他們稱作鹽湖城的地方。 What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world. 現(xiàn)在的撒哈拉沙漠的北部曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)文明世界。 3. 表示“的數(shù)目”，相當(dāng)于the amount/number that。如： Our income is now double what is was ten years ago. 我們現(xiàn)在的收入是十年前的兩倍。 The number of the students in our school has

28、 reached as many as 20,000, ten times what it was before liberation. 現(xiàn)在我校學(xué)生多達(dá)2萬人，是解放前的十倍。 4. what的這種特殊含義可以根據(jù)句子的意思在翻譯時(shí)靈活處理，不可千篇一律。例如： The color of the flower is different from what it was in the morning. 那朵花的顏色與早晨的不同。（what=the color that） 二. 要掌握好what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的類型。 1. 賓語從句（用作動詞或介詞的賓詞）。例如： When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule：Always give the monkey exactly what he wants. 求職面試時(shí)，請記住這條黃金定律：永遠(yuǎn)給予對方確實(shí)想要的東西。 2. 主語從句。例如： What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在會上說的話令每個(gè)與會者震驚。 3. 表語從句。例如： Perseverance