賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞7頁

1、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞一、賓語從句：置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面，在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類：動(dòng)詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。賓語從句過"三關(guān)"：時(shí)態(tài)，語序，連詞。賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序，謂語動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語從句，有些形容詞(afraid，sure，glad等)之后也可以帶賓語從句。二、賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that (that ?？墒÷?,whether, if代詞：who, whose, what ,which副詞：when ,where, how,

2、why 等。(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略)可跟that從句做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy beli

3、eves that he will travel through space to other planets.（注意事項(xiàng)：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。）例句：I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情況中that不能省略1、當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to under

4、stand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí)，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3、當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.（注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的

5、賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。）例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.(二)由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1、在帶to的不定式

6、前例句：We decided whether to walk there.2、在介詞的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.3、在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句時(shí)例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week4、直接與or not連用時(shí)例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1、if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”例句：The students will go

7、on a picnic if it is sunny.2、if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3、引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時(shí)例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.(三)連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine,

8、suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例

9、句：Could you tell me when the train will leave?四、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2、主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time.3、當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels

10、faster than sound.五、賓語從句的特點(diǎn)1、賓語從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。2、賓語從句的語序一律用陳述句語序。3、連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。4、whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但 whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語。5、如果從句太長(zhǎng)，可以用形式賓語it。【中考范例】1. Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D.

11、 where she lived （北京市中考試題）【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)，所以應(yīng)選D。2. Would you please tell me _? （上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題） A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。主句用的實(shí)際上是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句在這個(gè)句子里應(yīng)用陳述句的語序和一般過去時(shí)。3. I

12、 dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave （哈爾濱市中考試題） 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。只有B在語序和時(shí)態(tài)上符合要求。4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. （常州市中考試題） A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which c

13、ountry is he from【解析】答案: C。該題考查的是賓語從句的語序。按照他們談?wù)摰脑掝}可知：他們說的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的語序不對(duì)，只有C正確。一、選擇填空。（ ）1. What did Mike say? He said _. A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring（ ）2. Tom asked my friend _. A. where was he from B. that the ea

14、rth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry（ ）3. Let me tell you _. A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car（ ）4. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had s

15、o many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris（ ）5. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in（ ）6. She told me the sun _ in the east. A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen（ ）7. I can'

16、;t understand _the boy alone. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left（ ）8. I don't know _ up so early last Sunday. A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got（ ）9. The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter w

17、as C. what the matter is D. what's the matter（ ）10. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen二、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” Tom said. Tom said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. “Light travels faster

18、than sound.” My teacher told Mark. My teacher told Mark _ light _ faster than sound.3. “There will be a meeting in five days.” Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. “Can they speak French?” I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5. “Are the children playing ga

19、mes?” Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6. “Have you finished your homework yet?” Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia. Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8. Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do

20、you know _ _ _ her car?9. “What does he often talk about?” Nancy wondered. Nancy wondered _ _ often _ about.10. Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know. I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly. 三、用合適的連接詞填空。1. Jim told me _ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Do you know _

21、 else is going to be on duty today? （who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really don't know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）6. They don't know _ to go or wait. （if, whether）7. We are talking abou

22、t _ well go back tomorrow. （whether, if）8. I was really surprised at _ I saw. （where, what）9. I don't know _ so many people are looking at him. （how, why）10. Do you know _ you are studying for? （why, what）四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.（同義句） Tom's mother asked him _ _ _ to try it.2. I think this is a good idea.（改為否定句） I _ _ this _ a good idea.3. Lucy