大學英語四級寫作指導

1、 1. Keep a vocabulary notebook. 2. Use new words as many times as possible in your daily life. 3. Associative memory (eg: legislate, hatred , upright , fairyland ) 4. Study word roots 5. Learn prefix and suffix (-ible, -able. bility, in-, non-, un-). 立法。憎恨。垂直的，正直的。仙女，精靈1.常考的題材 一類是：關于大學生的學習，校園生活及將來的工

2、作、人生等方面的看法和態(tài)度; e.g: On Students Selecting Lectures(06.6) 一類是：貼近社會變化、發(fā)展和進步的熱點話題，往往與日常生活緊密相關. e.g: On the Spring Festival Gala(06.12)四級作文常涉及的體裁主要有三類：說明文：eg: On Students Selecting Lectures議論文：eg: It Pays to Be Honest應用文：eg: Welcome to Our Club說明的目的主要在于解釋；議論的目的主要在于說服。議論往往以說明為基礎。 (1）提綱式文字作文(2) 提綱式圖表作文(3)

3、 “情景+提綱”式應用文2002.6 Students use of computer2003.1 It pays to be honest2003.6 An eye-witness accident2003.9 The day my classmate fell ill2004.1 A letter in reply to a friend2004.6 A brief introduction to a Tourist Attraction2005.1 A campaign speech （競選演說） 1、你認為自己具備什么條件（能力，性格，愛好）可以勝任學生會主席工作？ 2、 如果當選你將

4、會為本校同學做什么？ 2005.6 Honor for my teacher2005.12 Should university campus be open to tourists?2006.6 A poster recruiting volunteers2006.6 On students selecting lectures 2006.12 On the spring festival gala2007.6 Welcome to our club2007.12 What Electives（選修課）To Choose 2008. 6 Recreational activities (娛樂活

5、動) (1) 內(nèi)容簡單化:不要妄圖以情動人; 不要妄圖在構思上出奇制勝。 (2) 結構模式化:（主題句-分論點-總結）(3) 語言要包裝: 往往使評分產(chǎn)生重大差異(4) 錯誤要回避:寫完一定要檢查(1). 觀點型作文框架觀點型作文框架(2). 圖表類作文框架圖表類作文框架(3). 表述現(xiàn)象類作文框架表述現(xiàn)象類作文框架(4). 書信、演說詞、海報、倡議書、景點介紹等應書信、演說詞、海報、倡議書、景點介紹等應用文類作文框架用文類作文框架 觀點型作文框架觀點型作文框架第一段一般只寫三句第一段一般只寫三句 第一句：第一句：It is widely believed that / By many peo

6、ple for some time that . 第二句：第二句：One reason they think is that. 第三句：第三句：The other reason they hold is that. 第二段一般只寫三句第二段一般只寫三句 第一句：第一句：While others argue that . 第二句：第二句：They maintain (主張主張) that. 第三句：第三句：They also claim that. 第三段寫四句第三段寫四句 第一句：第一句：In my opinion, . 第二句：第二句：On the one hand, . 第三句：第三句：O

7、n the other hand, . 第四句：第四句：Only in this way can we . 圖表類作文框架圖表類作文框架第一段只寫三句第一段只寫三句 第一句：第一句：As is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in fromto 第二句：第二句：The first years saw 第三句：第三句：The last years witnessed 第二段只寫四句第二段只寫四句 第一句：第一句：What has caused this problem

8、? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：第二句：Firstly, 第三句：第三句：Secondly, 第四句：第四句：Finally, 第三段只寫四句第三段只寫四句 第一句：第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：第二句：For one thing, 第三句：第三句：For another, 第四句：第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 表述現(xiàn)象解決問題類

9、作文框架表述現(xiàn)象解決問題類作文框架第一段只寫兩句第一段只寫兩句 第一句：第一句：In recent years, there has been 第二句：第二句：In order to solve this problem, it is essential for （對（對必必不可少）不可少）us to discuss the causes of it. 第二段只寫四句第二段只寫四句 第一句：第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：第二句：Firstly, 第三句：第三句：Secon

10、dly, 第四句：第四句：Finally, 第三段只寫四句第三段只寫四句 第一句：第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：第二句：For one thing, 第三句：第三句：For another, 第四句：第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem. 1. Advantage and disadvantage2. Different views3. Hot issue Nowadays many people

11、 prefer (_)because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. On one hand, (_). One the other hand,(_). But every sword has two blades. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the prominent （顯著的）disadvantages is that (_).To make m

12、atters worse,(_). Through the above analysis, I believe that The Positive aspects far outweighs its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(_) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses which is put on it that determines its value to our society. There is no consensus （一

13、致意見） among people as to the view of (_).The opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold the idea that (_).A case in point （恰當?shù)睦樱﹊s that (_). On the other hand, other may have a quite different view. According to them, (_). The most typical example is that (_). Weighing the pros and cons （

14、衡量正反兩方）of these arguments, I am inclined to （傾向于） agree with the latter. Admittedly （無可否認的）, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extend, but (_) is more convincing. When asked about (_),some people hold the idea that (_).As far as they are concerned, (_).But I could not agree

15、 with them in several points. In my opinion, (_).The reason for my choice are listed as follows. First of all, (_).In addition, (_).Last but not the least（最后一點但并非不重要）,(_). For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe (_). With the development of the society, we have to face a problem that (_).

16、What are the reasons for it? To start with, (_). Moreover, (_). Furthermore, (_). In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time （正是時候）that people all over China realized the importance of (_); for another, the government should issue la

17、ws and regulations to put the situation under control. 1、 the most + 形容詞形容詞 + 名詞名詞 + (that) + 主詞主詞 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc) Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。海倫是我所看過最美麗的女孩。 2、Nothing is + er than to + V Nothing is + more + 形容詞形容詞 + than to +

18、 V 例句：例句： Nothing is more important than to receive education. 沒有比接受教育更重要的事。沒有比接受教育更重要的事。 3、 cannot emphasize the importance of too much.（再怎么強調（再怎么強調.的重要性也不為過。）的重要性也不為過。） 例句：例句： We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。我們再怎么強調保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。 4、There is no

19、 denying that + S + V .（不可否認的（不可否認的.） 例句：例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone worse and worse。 不可否認的，我們的生活品質已經(jīng)每況愈下。不可否認的，我們的生活品質已經(jīng)每況愈下。 5、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子句子 （全（全世界都知道世界都知道.） 例句：例句： It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.

20、 全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。全世界都知道樹木對我們是不可或缺的。 6、There is no doubt that + 句子句子 （毫無疑問的（毫無疑問的.） 例句：例句： There is no doubt that educational system leaves nothing to be desired. 毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。毫無疑問的我們的教育制度令人不滿意。 7、An advantage of is that + 句子句子 （.的優(yōu)點是的優(yōu)點是.） 例句：例句： An advantage of using the solar energy is that

21、 it wont create (produce) any pollution. 使用太陽能的優(yōu)點是它不會制造任何污染。使用太陽能的優(yōu)點是它不會制造任何污染。 8、The reason why + 句子句子 is that + 句子句子 （.的原因是的原因是.） 例句：例句： The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。我們必須種樹的原因是它們能供應我們新鮮的空氣。 9、So + 形容詞形容詞 + be + 主詞主詞 + that +

22、 句子句子 （如此（如此.以致于以致于.） 例句：例句： So precious is time that we cant afford to waste it. 時間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費它。時間是如此珍貴，我們經(jīng)不起浪費它。 10、Adj + as + Subject（主詞）（主詞）+ be, S + V （雖然（雖然.） 例句：例句： Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. by no means = in no way = on no account 一點也不

23、一點也不雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。雖然我們的國家富有，我們的生活品質絕對令人不滿意。 11、The+er+S+V,the+er+S+V（愈（愈.愈愈.）例句：例句：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyoumake.你愈努力，進步越大。你愈努力，進步越大。12、By+Ving,can（借著（借著.，.能夠能夠.） 例句：例句：Bytakingexercise,wecanalwaysstayhealthy.借著做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。借著做運動，我們能夠始終保持健康。 13、enable+Object（受詞）（受詞）+to+V（.使使.能

24、夠能夠.）例句：例句：Listeningtomusicenableustofeelrelaxed.聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。聽音樂使我們能夠感覺輕松。 14、Onnoaccountcanwe+V（我們絕對不（我們絕對不能能.）例句：例句：Onnoaccountcanweignorethevalueofknowledge.我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。我們絕對不能忽略知識的價值。 15、Itistime+S+過去式（該是過去式（該是.的時候了）的時候了）例句：例句：Itistimetheauthoritiestook properstepstosolve thetrafficproblems.該是

25、有關當局采取適當?shù)拇胧﹣斫鉀Q交通問題的時候了。該是有關當局采取適當?shù)拇胧﹣斫鉀Q交通問題的時候了。 16、Thosewho（.的人的人.）例句：例句：Thosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.違反交通規(guī)定的人應該受處罰。違反交通規(guī)定的人應該受處罰。 17、Thereisnoonebut（沒有人不（沒有人不.）例句：例句：Thereisnoonebutlongstoget a job with high salary.沒有人不渴望得到一份高薪的工作。沒有人不渴望得到一份高薪的工作。 18、be+forced/compelled+to+V（不

26、得不（不得不.）例句：例句：Sincetheexaminationisaroundthecorner,Iamcompelledtogiveupdoingsports. 既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動。既然考試迫在眉睫，我不得不放棄做運動。 19、 Itisobvious/ apparentthat+句子（明顯的）句子（明顯的）例句：例句：Itisconceivablethatknowledgeplaysan importantroleinourlife.可想而知，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色?？上攵?，知識在我們的一生中扮演一個重要的角色。 20、Thatisthereasonw

27、hy（那就是（那就是.的原因）的原因）例句：例句：Summerishot.Thatisthereason why Idontlikeit.夏天很熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。夏天很熱。那就是我不喜歡它的原因。 21、Forthepast+時間，時間，S+現(xiàn)在完成式現(xiàn)在完成式.（過去（過去.年來，年來，.一直一直.）例句：例句：Forthepast years,Ihavebeen preparingfortheexamination.過去這些年來，我過去這些年來，我一直忙著準備考試。一直忙著準備考試。 22、Since+S+過去式，過去式，S+現(xiàn)在完成式?，F(xiàn)在完成式。例句：例句：Sincehewe

28、nttoseniorhighschool,he hasworkedveryhard.自從他上高中，他一直很用功。自從他上高中，他一直很用功。 23、Itpaysto+V（.是值得的。）是值得的。）例句：例句：Itpaystohelpothers.幫助別人是值得的。幫助別人是值得的。 24、bebasedon（以（以.為基礎）為基礎）例句：例句：Theprogressofthesocietyisbasedon harmony. 社會的進步是以和諧為基礎的。社會的進步是以和諧為基礎的。 25、Sparenoeffortto+V（不遺余力的）（不遺余力的）例句：例句：Weshouldsparenoe

29、fforttobeautifyourenvironment.我們應該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。我們應該不遺余力的美化我們的環(huán)境。 26、bringhometo+人人+事（讓事（讓.明白明白.事）事）例句：例句：Weshouldbringhometopeoplethevalue ofworkinghard.我們應該讓人們明白努力的價值。我們應該讓人們明白努力的價值。 27、becloselyrelatedto（與（與.息息相關）息息相關）例句：例句：Takingexerciseiscloselyrelatedtohealth.做運動與健康息息相關。做運動與健康息息相關。 28、Dueto/Owi

30、ngto/Thanksto+N/Ving,（因為（因為.）例句：例句：Thankstohisencouragement,Ifinallyrealizedmydream.因為他的鼓勵，我終于實現(xiàn)我的夢想。因為他的鼓勵，我終于實現(xiàn)我的夢想。 29、Leavemuchtobedesired（令人不滿意）（令人不滿意） 例句：例句：Theconditionofourtrafficleavesmuch tobedesired.我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。我們的交通狀況令人不滿意。30、Haveagreatinfluenceon（對（對.有很大的影響）有很大的影響）例句：例句：Smokinghasagrea

31、tinfluenceonourhealth.抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。抽煙對我們的健康有很大的影響。 31、dogoodto（對（對.有益），有益），doharmto（對（對.有害）有害）例句：例句：Readingdoesgoodtoourmind.讀書對心靈有益。讀書對心靈有益。32、Poseagreatthreatto（對（對.造成一大威脅）造成一大威脅）例句：例句：Pollutionposesagreatthreattoourexistence.污染對我們的生存造成一大威脅。污染對我們的生存造成一大威脅。 33、doonesutmostto+V=doonesbest（盡（盡全力去全力

32、去.）例句：例句：Weshoulddoourutmosttoachieveourgoalinlife.我們應盡全力去達成我們的人生目標。 產(chǎn)生深遠影響：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on 較好地駕馭生活：be a better pilot of ones life 剝奪機會/權力：deprive oneself of the chance/right/opportunity 取代舊的方式：substitute for/take the place o

33、f the old way 采取有效措施：take effective steps/measures to 控制我們的環(huán)境：take/gain increasing control over our own environment 躲避危險/挑戰(zhàn)：shy/run away from the dangers/challenge 滿足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 補償損失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage解釋某現(xiàn)象：解釋某現(xiàn)象：account for/explain the phenomeno

34、n對對很好的了解：很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of, have a new perspective on. provide/gain an insight into把某因素考慮進去：把某因素考慮進去：take sth. Into account (consideration), give much thought to品位人生品位人生/自由自由/青春：青春：savor the life/freedom/youth培養(yǎng)對培養(yǎng)對的信心：的信心：develop/foster ones interest/confidence in經(jīng)歷變

35、化經(jīng)歷變化/困難困難/艱險：艱險：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience 表現(xiàn)出自信心等：表現(xiàn)出自信心等：project ones confidence/feeling/image 生活充滿不公正的地方：生活充滿不公正的地方：life is full of injustice 追求學習追求學習/職業(yè)：職業(yè)：pursue ones academic interest/professional career 學習知識學習知識/技術：技術：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill 被看作學習

36、的被看作學習的榜樣：榜樣：be held up as a good example1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。3.Easier said than done. 說來容易做來難。4.Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者事竟成。5.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 實踐出真知。6.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聰明孩子也

37、變傻。7.More hasty, less speed. 欲速則不達。8.Its never too old to learn. 活到老，學到老。9.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。10.Look before you leap （跳躍）. 三思而后行。11.Rome was not built in a day. 偉業(yè)非一日之功。12.It is hard to please all. 眾口難調。13.Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見，心不念。14.First thi

38、ngs first. 凡事有輕重緩急。15.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 16. Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才。逆境出人才。17.Actions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。事實勝于雄辯。18.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。趣味相投。19.As the tree, so the fruit. 種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。20.A friend in need is a friend in

39、deed. 患難見真情患難見真情 1、列舉、列舉 First, second, third (the most important) Firstly, secondly, thirdly (finally) 2、舉例說明、舉例說明 For example (for instance) Takefor example Such as (namely) 3、強調、強調 Especially (obviously/surely/undoubtedly) In fact, as a matter of fact 4、比較、比較 Similarly, likewise 同樣，也同樣，也 5、對照、對照 However (but) On the contrary (by contrast) On the other hand 6、并列、并列 that is 即，也就是說即，也就是說 In other words 換言之換言之 7、增加（補充）、增加（補充） In addition (besides) Moreover 此外此外 Furthermore (what is more) 還有還有 8、原因、結果、原因、結果 Therefore (so) 因此因此