2022年被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解一、總述：英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（the active voice) 和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（the passive voice). 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。they will build a new bridge over the river. (主動(dòng)) a new bridge will be built over the river. (被動(dòng) ) 漢語(yǔ)中常用“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來(lái)表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)用：助動(dòng)詞 be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式1) 常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式為

2、助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，即be done 。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、 人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be 的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞 be 的變化形式完全一樣。以give 為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + given 一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were +given 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall / will +be+ given 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + given 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + given 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had + been + given 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + given

3、精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載將來(lái)完成時(shí)：shall / will + have been + given 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：should / would +be+ given 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： have/has been being done 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be done 注被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)沒有將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式 :在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后加not 構(gòu)成。russian is not taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校

4、不教俄語(yǔ)。3）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問式： 把第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)之前,句尾加問號(hào)構(gòu)成。were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上種了許多樹嗎？how much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少錢？三、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用范圍誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒必要。動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)莫忘了。1. some stamps were stolen last week. 2. the prc was founded on october 1, 1949. 3. football is played in most middl

5、e schools. 四、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)練習(xí)：將下列各句改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1. he plants trees in spring. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2. tom will clean the room tomorrow. 3. they make shoes in that factory. 4. they bought ten computers last term5. amy can take good care o

6、f gina 6. we are painting the rooms. 7. the workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. 8. they will send cars abroad by sea. 9. someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.10.when i got to the theatre, i found they had already sold out the tickets. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)口訣：賓語(yǔ)提前主語(yǔ)變，原

7、主變賓 by 后見，時(shí)態(tài)人稱 be 關(guān)鍵。注意：把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)， 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。we have bought a new computer. a new computer _ been bought. 2. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)（ sb.）+直接賓語(yǔ)（ sth.）my uncle gave me a present on my birthday. i was given a present on my birthday. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁(yè)，共 2

8、2 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。一般在下列動(dòng)詞后， 間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。練

9、習(xí) 1：將下列句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1）the foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 2）my uncle gave me a present on my birthday. 練習(xí) 2：在橫線上填 for 或者 to. 1） mother made me a new skirt. (a new skirt was made _ me. ) 2) the meat was cooked _us. 3) my bike was lent _ her. 4) some country music was played _ us. 5) the cu

10、p with mixture was showed _ the class. 注意：有些既不用to 也不用 for, 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。he asked me a question. (a question was asked of me. ) people all over the world know the great wall. the great wall is known to people all over the world. (不用 by 短語(yǔ)) 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - -

11、- - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載3. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ) (賓語(yǔ)+ 賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。如：we always keep the classroom clean. the classroom is always kept clean. she told us to follow her instructions. we were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在 see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at,

12、 make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to，這時(shí)不定式為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也就是說(shuō)不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)不存在省略 to 的問題。we often hear him play the guitar. he is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是名詞，變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，不要誤把賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ)。如：tomatoes were first taken back to europe and people called them love apples. 誤：love ap

13、ples were called them. 正：they were called love apples. 五、下列情況主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句：第一， 感官系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如： feel， look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載 do you like the material? yes, it feels very soft. 誤：it is felt very soft. the

14、food tastes delicious. 誤：the food is tasted delicious. the pop music sounds beautiful. 誤：the pop music is sounded beautiful. 第二，謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own 等。如：he entered the room and got his book. 誤：the room was entered and his book was got. she had her hand burned. 誤

15、：her hand was had burned. 第三，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie 等。when we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 誤：the sun had already been risen. after the earthquake, few houses remained. 誤：after the earthquake, few houses were remained. 第四，一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：take

16、 place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：the fire broke out in the capital building. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載誤：the fire was broke out in the capital building. 第五，賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式，v-ing 形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語(yǔ)，如：i t

17、aught myself english. 誤：myself was taught english. we love each other. 誤：each other is loved. 第六、有些動(dòng)詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等副詞連用時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)， 常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：the cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。the new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。the pen w

18、rites smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。對(duì)比：the books sell well. ( 主動(dòng)句 ) the books were sold out. (被動(dòng)句) the meat didn t cook well. ( 主動(dòng)句 ) the meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (被動(dòng)句) 六、特殊句式在漢語(yǔ)中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)， 在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示，例如：精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備

19、歡迎下載據(jù)說(shuō)it is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)it is reported that 據(jù)推測(cè)it is supposed that 希望it is hoped that 眾所周知it is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為it is generally considered that 有人建議it is suggested that 1) it is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) it is well known that thomas edison invented the electric lamp. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料

20、 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載練習(xí)： 1. 變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.people use knives for cutting things. knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.the students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. the windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. 3.i found the ticket on

21、the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.i told her to return the book in time. she _ _ to return the book in time. 5. his doctor made him have only two meals a day. he _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.now people can use computers to help them. now computers _ _ _ to help them. 7. did you plant many trees

22、at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today? 10.the teacher asked tom to turn on the computer. tom _ _ to turn on the computer. 11.in this factory women do most of the work. most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d

23、f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載12.he can mend the bike in two days. the bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.you must take this medicine three times a day. this medicine _ _ _ three times a day. 14.the students study german in this school. german _ _ by the students in thi

24、s school. 15.do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _? 2. 在橫線上填寫括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式：1)teenagers should _ (allow) to go out at night. 2)the telephone _ (invent) by bell. 3) english _ (speak) in china. 4) the car _(make) in china. 5) the room must _(clean) every day. 3. 選擇正確答

25、案1. when i got to his office, i _ that he_ out. a. told, had been b. was told, was c. had told, was d. was told, had been 2. the vegetables didn t taste very good. they _ for too long. a. cooked b. were cooked c. had cooked d. had been cooked 3. the anti-japanese war _ in 1937 and it _ eight years.

26、精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. was broken, lasted b. broke out, lasted c. break out, lasted d. broke out, was lasted 4. she was heard _ an english song. a. to sing b. sing c. sang d. to be sang 5. these boxes are very heavy _. a. be carried b. c

27、arry c. carried d. be carrying 6. the police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. a. had been broken into, has been stolen b. has broken into, has been stolen c. had been broken into, stolen d. has broken into, has stolen 7. coal can _ to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. a.

28、 have used b. used c. be used d. use 8. john has never dreamt of _. a. taken to athens b. taking to athens c. be taking to athens d. being taken to athens 9. nobody likes _. a. laughed at b. laughing at c. being laughed at d. being laughed 10. the bridge _ will be completed next year. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d

29、f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. built b. being built c. is being built d. building 11. it is said that tigers _ in asia year after year. a. are being disappeared b. are disappearing c. will be disappeared d. will disappear 12. i m going to wuhan tomorrow. do y

30、ou have anything _ to your mother? a. to take b. taken c. to be taken d. taking 13. take it easy. there is nothing _. a. to worry b. to be worried c. to be worried about d. to worry about 14. your new computer will soon become outdated, because technology _so fast. a. is developed b. is being develo

31、ped c. has been developed d. will developed 15. i won t go to the party unless _. a. invited b. being invited c. be invited d. inviting 16. the problem _ last week is very important. a. was discussed b. discussed c. being discussed d. be discussed 17. we should keep the animals from _. a. be endange

32、red b. endangering c. being endangered d. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載endangered 18. there are no rivers _out of the dead sea. a. flowed b. flowing c. being flowed d. be flown 19. this place has been destroyed. so there is no bamboo _ for pandas

33、 to feed on. a. left b. leaving c. leave d. be left 20. all the preparations for the task _ , and we are ready to start. a. completed b. complete c. had been completed d. have been completed 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 13 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載練習(xí)題1)it is said that a new

34、 robot _by him in a few days. a) designed b) has been designed c) will be designed d) will have been designed 2)we are late. i expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 14 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a) will already have started b) would a

35、lready have started c) shall have already started d) has already been started 3) she will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. a) is taken b) takes c) will be taken d) has taken 4) diamond _in brazil in 1971. a) is found b) has been found c) was found d) had been found 5)“ have you moved into the

36、new flat?”“ not yet. the room _. ”a) has been painted b) is painted c) paints d) is being painted 6) my pictures _until next friday. a) wont develop b) arent developed c) dont develop d) won t be developed 7) tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago. a) had been unemployed b) was unemployed c) has

37、 been unemployed d) has unemployed 8) a great number of colleges and universities _since 1949. a) has been establish b) have been established c) have established d) had been established 9) ill have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here. a) would be fined b) will be

38、fined c) will being fined d) will have been fined 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 15 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載10)“ _two tickets for the new play at the grand theatre on saturday. shall we go and see it together?”a) they have been given b) i have been given c) i am given d) the

39、y have given to me 11) the subject of these lectures _by the lecture committee. a) is announced b) have been announced c) are announced d) has been announced 12) i found an aspirin bottle _dropped on the floor of davids room. a) was b) had c) had been d) is 13) the goods _when we arrived at the airp

40、ort. a) were just unloading b) were just been unloading c) had just unloaded d) were just being unloaded 14) if one _by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance. a) overcomes b) is overcome c) has been overcome d) overcome 15) most environment problems exist because adequate measu

41、res for preventing them _taken in the past. a) was not b) were not c) were not being d) had not been 16) you ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now _sour. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 16 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a) i smell b) it is smelt c) it smells d) it is s

42、melling 17) after the race_, the celebration began. a) had been won b) is won c) will be won d)has been won 18) he was here for a little while, but i dont know where she _now. a) is b) was c) had been d) has been 18) the young teacher has _ competent. a) been proved to be b) proved to be c) been pro

43、ved d) proved being 19) pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, _photographically in march 1930. a) discovered b) was discovered c) by discovery d) when discovered 20) to get a better view of the stage, _. a)our seats had to be changed b) our seats were changed c) we had to change our seats

44、 d) our seats were changed by us 22) after synthetic_, engineers had a better choice of material. a) created b) has created c) has been created d) had been created 23) i think much attention _your pronunciation. a) must be paid to b) ought to be paid to 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第

45、17 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載c) must pay to d) should be paid to 24) since 1970, millions of enthusiasts _vitamin c, which they believe can remedy the common cold. a) have taken b) have been taken c) have been taking d) have been taking 25) i dont remember _the chance to try this method. a)

46、having been given b) to have been given c)having given d) to have given 26) we could ask someone to do the work privately without it_. a) know b) be known c) being known d) to be known 27) the construction of the laboratory _by the end of next month. a) must be completed b) must have been completed

47、c) will be completing d) will have been completing 28) they would tell how the african _on a ship to an american port. a) was brought b) could have been brought c) had been brought d) was to be brought 29) he does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses _to peter. a) is belonged to b) belonged c) be

48、longs d) is belonging 30) negotiation _again with moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then. a) is to be opened b) is on the point of opening c) is going to 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 18 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載open d) opens 31) the reason for all the changes

49、 being made _to us yet. a) has not explained b) has not been explained c) did not explained d) were not explained 32) experiments in the photography of moving objects _in both the united states and europe well before 1900. a) were conducting b)were conducted c) had been conducted d) had conducted 33

50、) when he turned the corner, he found himself _by a man in black. a) tailed b) been tailed c) was tailed d) had been tailed 34) a candidate for the democratic presidential nomination _at this moment. a) is interviewing b) being interviewed c) is being interviewed d) interviewing 35) as we approached

51、 the work site, the workers were seen _the new house. a) building b) build c) built d) to build 36) as we know, all the regulations in school _. a) must keep to b) must be kept c) must keep d) must be kept up 37) the composition _any more. 精品學(xué)習(xí)資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 19 頁(yè)，共 22 頁(yè) - - - - - - - - -學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a) need not to be corrected b) doesnt need to be corrected c) doesnt need be corrected d) need not correct 38) the bank is reported in the local newspaper _