中考英語考點(diǎn)聚焦第38講完形填空課件人教新目標(biāo)版

1、人教版人教版英語英語第38講完形填空 Have you ever offered a helping hand to those who are in trouble?One day，two _1_ were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears.They thought the woman looked very _2_They went up to her and said，“Are you going to town？If you are，w

2、e will help carry your basket.”“Thank you，”_3_ the woman，“you are very kind.You see Im weak and ill.”Then she told them that she was now going to market to _4_ the pears which grew on the only tree in her little garden.“We are all going to the _5_，”said the boys.“Let us have the basket.”And they too

3、k hold of it，one each side.They walked _6_ with the heavy basket，but happily.The other day，I saw a little girl stop and _7_ a piece of orange peel (皮)，which she threw into the dustbin (垃圾桶)，“I wish _8_ would throw that on the sidewalk，”said she.“Someone may step on it and fall.”Perhaps some may say

4、that these are not _9_ things.That is right.But such a little thing shows that you have a thoughtful mind and a feeling heart.We must not wait for the _10_ to do great things.We must begin with little things of love. 1.A.boys Bgirls Cmen Dwomen2.A.bored Btired Cpleased Dsurprised3.A.asked Btold Crep

5、lied Dspoke4.A.bring Bbuy Ctake Dsell5.A.town Bmarket Cgarden Dschool6.A.weakly Bquickly Cslowly Dquietly7.A.take out Bcut off Cput down Dpick up8.A.nobody Beverybody Csomebody Danybody9.A.little Bgood Cgreat Dbad10.A.pay Btime Cadvice DloveABCDACDACB“完形填空”題是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題型。它結(jié)合了單項(xiàng)選擇題和短文填空

6、的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，既考查詞語搭配、近義詞辨異、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合句的關(guān)聯(lián)和習(xí)慣用法等，又考查了邏輯推理和事理推斷能力。同學(xué)們只有具備了扎實(shí)的語言基本功、較好的閱讀能力及歸納判斷能力，才能適應(yīng)這一題型。(一)“完形填空”題要求填入的詞：1語法結(jié)構(gòu)所要求的功能詞。如：連接詞，連接代詞，連接副詞，關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞等。2具有語法變化的普通詞。如：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣，名詞的數(shù)，代詞的格，形容詞和副詞的等級等。3固定搭配短語或詞組中的特定詞。4同義詞、近義詞等易混淆詞。5根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的確定詞。 (二)“完形填空”題解題策略：1解題前要通讀全文，領(lǐng)悟大意。完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出現(xiàn)，

7、因此，通讀全文，把握文章整體大意尤為重要。很多同學(xué)為了省時(shí)間，只看選項(xiàng)，不看文章。不看上下文，不尋找文章中句子與句子的關(guān)系，結(jié)果做出來的答案往往是錯(cuò)誤的。2解題時(shí)要全面考慮，確定選項(xiàng)。完形填空有些答案的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)從詞匯搭配、語法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)等角度考慮均行得通，但由于文章是一個(gè)完整的統(tǒng)一體，詞、句、段三者存在著內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，因此考生還要從上下文中尋找有關(guān)的信息，對文章的情節(jié)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，抓住含有關(guān)鍵信息的詞語，理順句子之間的關(guān)系，確定正確的答案。其具體做法有：重視首句，尋求信息完形填空本是一篇?dú)埲钡奈恼拢粝率拙淇梢詭椭忌私馕恼碌闹黝}，可以了解短文的概貌與作者的意圖。要充分利用首句的標(biāo)示作用，利

8、用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，從而展開思維?！纠?】 Few people like changing their habits，good or bad.Whether it is smoking，drinking or over eating，they _ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015，蘇州，16)Astop Bcontinue Cfinish Davoid解析：由首句“Few people like changing their habits，good or bad.(很少有人喜歡改變他們的習(xí)慣，好的或壞的。)”可知此處表示“他們繼續(xù)享受著這些習(xí)慣”。答案：

9、_B_My mother only had one eye.And because of this，I never wished her to show up in my school，being afraid that my classmates would _1_ I had an ugly mother.(2014，十堰，41)1.A.run out Bput outCcome out Dfind outD明辨褒貶語境，判斷是非幾乎每篇完形填空的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理、情緒狀態(tài)和作者寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能對文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷，從而在吃

10、透文章并準(zhǔn)確理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上推斷出每一空的準(zhǔn)確信息，找出能反映語境褒貶性的標(biāo)志性詞語或句子，大膽預(yù)測下文。 【例2】 His house turned into a comfortable place immediately.The poor man _.(2015，廣東，55)Acheered up Brang upCsped up Dstayed up解析：由關(guān)鍵詞comfortable可知，房子變得舒適了，那個(gè)窮人應(yīng)該是“高興起來了”。答案：_A_ 【例3】 Happiness depends on what we have！Its in our heart.Its a state of

11、 mind，even though you own the whole world，you may still feel _.(2015，黃岡，55)Afunny Bhappy Cexcited Dunhappy解析：由關(guān)鍵詞even though來判斷此處句意應(yīng)為“即使你擁有整個(gè)世界，你也可能會仍然感到不開心”。答案：_D_Finally，I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide，laughing loudly and _2_The workers pulled me up，smiling at me.(2015，長沙，40)2.A.sadly B

12、angrily CproudlyC巧用平行結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷邏輯平行結(jié)構(gòu)指的是結(jié)構(gòu)相同或相似、意思密切關(guān)聯(lián)、語氣一致的句子或短語組成串排列的語言現(xiàn)象。平行結(jié)構(gòu)形式上整齊勻稱，內(nèi)容上聯(lián)系緊密。命題者常從平行結(jié)構(gòu)的句式相同或相似這一角度，利用其意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)和對比這一特點(diǎn)來設(shè)題。了解這一點(diǎn)可大大提高解題效率。 【例4】 On October 20，2009，my mother died after a long illness.I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and _.(2015，寧波，27)Agifts Bpains Cdialogs Dmi

13、stakes解析：由上文可知，我非常欣慰母親不再受疼痛的折磨。與aches(疼痛)相對稱的詞為pains。答案：_B_They found that the kids who watched violent cartoons fought with others and _3_ class rules more often.(2014，宜賓，47)3.A.broke BfollowedCobeyed DmadeA結(jié)合常識，明辨真?zhèn)巍纠?】 We cant force life to follow our wishes.The earth wont _ turning whether we ac

14、cept it or not.Astop Bkeep Cstart解析：句意為：“我們不能強(qiáng)迫生活會遵循我們的愿望。無論我們是否接受，地球都不會停止轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)?！贝鸢福篲A_It read “Dear Marie，I love you always.Miss you a lot.Dont forget me.Be _4_！Love，Mom.” That day，I cried.(2015，寧波，30)4.A.serious Bhappy Cpatient DstrictB熟練語法和固定搭配，輕松解題對語法、固定搭配等基礎(chǔ)知識的考查也是完形填空的命題角度之一。對于這種題，考生除了要注意平時(shí)的積累外，還

15、要針對語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、短文設(shè)空中需填的詞在句中作什么成分、哪類詞適合、應(yīng)采取什么形式等進(jìn)行分析，從而解決問題?！纠?】At the same time，in developing countries like China and Brazil，sales of meat have doubled in the last 20 years._ will double again by 2050.(2015，南昌，64)AIt BThatCWeDThey解析：空白處所填詞在句中作主語，指代上文中所提到的“sales”，為可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。答案：_D_Last week，students at

16、Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.There _5_ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015，沈陽，16)5.A.are BwereCis DwasB多方推斷，尋求線索完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意義的短文，其段與段、句與句、甚至詞與詞之間都有不可分割的、千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。因此考生在做題時(shí)不要只注意設(shè)空處所在的短句子或段落，還要善于從上下

17、文中尋找相關(guān)的提示信息。考生可利用正向推斷法、逆向推斷法和正逆向聯(lián)合推斷法尋找相關(guān)信息。正向推斷法要求考生利用已知信息推斷下文未知信息，當(dāng)然這兒所指的信息包括設(shè)空處近處或遠(yuǎn)處的信息?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文內(nèi)容，弄清事實(shí)，并思考下文的發(fā)展方向，從而推斷下文的未知信息。逆向推斷法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推斷上文未知信息。當(dāng)利用上文已知信息無法準(zhǔn)確推斷下文未知信息時(shí)，不能著急，應(yīng)沉著冷靜地閱讀下文，看下文哪些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)是上文未知信息的延伸和發(fā)展，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。在有些情況下，空格處未知信息既不能單獨(dú)由上文已知信息正向推斷而出，也不能單獨(dú)由下文反向推斷而出，而需要考生利用其上下文

18、已知信息聯(lián)合推斷而出?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真閱讀并分析上下文，看哪些細(xì)節(jié)或事實(shí)與空格處有聯(lián)系，并由此推斷出空格處的未知信息。正向推斷法【例7】One day，Li Xuan discovered a wishing well (許愿池) on the side of the road.(2015，長春，31)He took out a coin and thew it into the _.Astreet Bwell Criver Droom解析：由上文“一天，李軒在路邊發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)許愿池”可知，他拿出一枚硬幣是投向許愿池。答案：_B_The plane took off.A passenger neede

19、d a cup of water to take his medicine.An air hostess (空姐) told him that she would bring him the _6_ soon.(2015，安徽，56)6.A.medicine BwaterCcup DcoffeeIt seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes，then she would read again，with no _7_ or

20、fear in her eyes.(2015，河南，40)7.A.pride BworryCanger DregretBB逆向推斷法【例8】 It was a Sunday morning，and I was in a _ mood (情緒)Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadnt invited me.(2015，山西，31)Agood BterribleCpeaceful解析：由下文中“我的兩個(gè)朋友前一天晚上去看電影了但是沒有邀請我”可知，我的心情很糟糕。答案：_B_Bert Manson，82，

21、slowly opened his eyes and turned to face the clock on the beside table.It was 8：23 am.He felt _8_The time was nothing to him.He had nothing to do all day.(2015，佛山，31)8.A.pleased Bsad CsurprisedHe raised a glass of water and asked them，“How _9_ do you think this glass of water is？”.Their answers are

22、 different，from 20g to 500g.(2015，河北，41)9.A.heavy BfullCmuch DlongBA正逆向聯(lián)合法【例9】 Just then a young man jumped out_of_a_car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we _ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car(2015，長沙，34)Awalked Bran Cdrove解析：由上句中的out of a car以及下句I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透過車窗，我被路邊的景色驚呆了)可知，我們是開車去的。答案：_C_.She wondered if they were getting