高考地理二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 微專題1 地理位置課件 (48)

1、名詞性從句NOUN CLAUSES李仕才 在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、如果本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)，那么這，那么這個(gè)句子就叫個(gè)句子就叫_。主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 連接詞：連接詞：that, whether, if, because，as if, as though連接代詞連接代詞: who, whom, what, which, whose，whatever 連接副詞連接副詞: when, w

2、here, why, how，however, wherever名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)：主賓表定充當(dāng)：主賓表定充當(dāng)：狀語(yǔ)充當(dāng)：狀語(yǔ)不充當(dāng)成份不充當(dāng)成份 What I want to do is to go shopping.2. She had a feeling that she was being watched.3. I dont think that he is an honest boy.4. Who will go with you is decided by yourself.( (主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句) )( (同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句) )( (賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句)

3、)( (主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句) )判斷從句的方法：判斷從句的方法：一一 找謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞找謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞二二 找引導(dǎo)詞劃從句找引導(dǎo)詞劃從句三三 看從句在主句的位置看從句在主句的位置請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句：請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句：在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問含義。 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 問題是他對(duì)那個(gè)小男孩做了些什么。 1. 主語(yǔ)從句在句中作主語(yǔ)的句子叫主語(yǔ)從句。 主語(yǔ)從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever

4、以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在從句中無(wú)詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。 Who will win the match is still unknown. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. That he stole a bike was true. What he wants to tell us is not clear. 單個(gè)的主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的

5、主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Where and when he was born has not been found. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語(yǔ)從句作形式主語(yǔ)放于句首，而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句末。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that

6、從句It is known to us how he became a writer. 注意:在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary /important/naturalstrange, etc.) that 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞及某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。連接詞連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的

7、文體中常被省去。式的文體中常被省去。但下面情況中不能省略。但下面情況中不能省略。（1）that一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)一般不能充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ),但但except,in的賓語(yǔ)。如的賓語(yǔ)。如:He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是個(gè)好學(xué)生他是個(gè)好學(xué)生,就是有點(diǎn)粗心。就是有點(diǎn)粗心。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把課余時(shí)間用在了讀書上。他和他的同學(xué)不同的地方在于他把課余時(shí)間

8、用在了讀書上。其他介詞后面需要用其他介詞后面需要用that從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),必須用必須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。如作形式賓語(yǔ)。如:You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你要相信我會(huì)一直幫助你的。你要相信我會(huì)一直幫助你的。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句注意注意:在在demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用常用 “shoul

9、d+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”。 should可省略可省略I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅(jiān)持說(shuō)、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination. 連接詞連接詞 whether 和和if表表“是否是否”,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句

10、中不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分分,但有自己的意義。但有自己的意義。在下列情況下只能用在下列情況下只能用whether而不用而不用if:(1)在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中;(2)在介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中在介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中;(3)與與or not連在一起使用時(shí)。連在一起使用時(shí)。(4)discuss后必須用后必須用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。(5)跟不定式連在一起使用時(shí)跟不定式連在一起使用時(shí)典例典例4 (2013陜西陜西,20)It remains to be seen the newly formed committees

11、policy can be put into practice.答案答案whether2.whether/if的用法的用法4)賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng) 賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)； I know that he studies English every day. I know (that) he will study English next year. We all know that he has studied English since 1998. I know that he studied English

12、last term. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了一般過去時(shí)，則從句中的語(yǔ)動(dòng)只能用過去時(shí)的某種形式，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來(lái)時(shí)等； We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 The teacher told us that the s

13、un rises in the east.5)當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。 We dont believe that he will win the game. I dont think he will do so. doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時(shí)，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用

14、于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。 連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ which。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 3. 表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的句子叫表語(yǔ)從句。 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if, because 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句 The f

15、act is that we have lost the game. Thats just what I want. This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. This is because he missed the train by one minute.在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promi

16、se, suggestion, belief, truth等含有豐富等含有豐富內(nèi)涵的抽象名詞后面，內(nèi)涵的抽象名詞后面，用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面那個(gè)詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞通常有語(yǔ)從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句通常不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。 1. He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.2. She had a feeling that she was being watched.3. The news that he couldnt come makes us upset.4. Whatever gave you the idea that I can sing?5.I have no idea whether /when/how he will come