語(yǔ)法填空-非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞-語(yǔ)法填空PPT

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法填空的必考考點(diǎn)，每年高考至少有每年高考至少有1道題。不僅如此，掌道題。不僅如此，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法，對(duì)增強(qiáng)書面表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明表達(dá)的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。顯的作用。首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)首先，我們回顧一下非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法功能法功能(在句中充當(dāng)何種成分在句中充當(dāng)何種成分)：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)名名詞詞不不定定式式分分詞詞現(xiàn)在，我們簡(jiǎn)要回顧其主要考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在，我們簡(jiǎn)要回顧其主要考點(diǎn)：考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)1：作主語(yǔ)：作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、泛指的

2、或習(xí)慣性的行為用表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用-ing形形式；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用不定式；表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用不定式。式?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2：作表語(yǔ)：作表語(yǔ)(1) 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。動(dòng)名詞和不定式作表語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。(2)分詞作表語(yǔ)則說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，像分詞作表語(yǔ)則說明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等等-ing分詞表示分詞表示“令人令人的的(事物事物)”；像；像puzzled, surprised, excited等等-ed分詞分詞表示表示“(人人)感到感到的的”。 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)3：作賓語(yǔ)：作賓語(yǔ)(1)有

3、些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。等。(類類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上)(2)有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。有些動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。等。(類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有類似動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有哪些？請(qǐng)補(bǔ)上哪些？請(qǐng)

4、補(bǔ)上)(3) 在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need, want和和require等等后用后用-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式。用不定式的被動(dòng)式。 (4)在在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等動(dòng)詞等動(dòng)詞后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別后既可接動(dòng)名詞，也可接不定式，但意義差別較大。較大。(5)在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。在介詞之后用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。注意注意to是介詞是介詞的短語(yǔ)，如的短語(yǔ)，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(習(xí)習(xí)慣于慣于), contribute to

5、 , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。等。(6)含介詞的固定句式：含介詞的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻阻止止做做spend /waste time or money in doing 在做在做方面花費(fèi)方面花費(fèi)/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在在做做方面有些困難方面有些困難have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艱難做某事很艱難ther

6、e is no sense in doing做做是沒有理由是沒有理由/道理的道理的(7)介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞，但在表示介詞后一般只能接動(dòng)名詞，但在表示“除除外外”的介詞的介詞but和和except后，有時(shí)可接后，有時(shí)可接不定式；當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞不定式；當(dāng)前面有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式不帶時(shí)，不定式不帶to；前面沒有行為動(dòng)詞；前面沒有行為動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，要帶時(shí)，要帶to。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)4：作賓補(bǔ)：作賓補(bǔ)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用不定式系時(shí)，用不定式(未來或全過程未來或全過程)或或-ing形式形式(正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài)正在進(jìn)行或一直處于某種狀態(tài))；

7、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與；當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用-ed形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下形式。另外，請(qǐng)注意復(fù)習(xí)以下6點(diǎn)：點(diǎn)：(1)在在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等動(dòng)詞后，用帶等動(dòng)詞后，用帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。(2)在在help后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式帶不帶to均可。均可。(3)在在make, let, have等使役動(dòng)詞和等使役動(dòng)詞和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶等感官動(dòng)詞后，一般用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被

8、動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但在其被動(dòng)式后作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上語(yǔ)時(shí)，要加上to。(4)在在with的賓語(yǔ)后，若用的賓語(yǔ)后，若用-ed形式，表示賓語(yǔ)形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與與-ed形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)形式在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成；若用作已經(jīng)完成；若用-ing形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與形式，表示賓語(yǔ)與-ing形形式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。式在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)進(jìn)行。(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某使某人做某事事(主動(dòng)、將來主動(dòng)、將來); get/havedoing使使處于某一處于某一狀態(tài)中狀

9、態(tài)中(主動(dòng)、持續(xù)主動(dòng)、持續(xù)); getdone=have sth. done請(qǐng)請(qǐng)人做人做/遭受遭受(被動(dòng)被動(dòng))。(6) make oneself 后常用后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思等作賓補(bǔ)，表示讓別人明白自己的意思/讓讓自己講的話被別人聽到自己講的話被別人聽到/讓自己被別人看到讓自己被別人看到/讓自讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)5：作狀語(yǔ)：作狀語(yǔ)(1)在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)在表示時(shí)間、讓步、方式或伴隨情況時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用詞若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-i

10、ng形式，若形式，若與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用與句子主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用-ed形式。形式。(2)不定式作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)只能放在句末，且不用逗號(hào)，多用于只能放在句末，且不用逗號(hào)，多用于表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞表示情緒或情感反應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞(如如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表結(jié)果，不定式表結(jié)果，其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，往往其動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，往往表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的，前面常加表示未曾預(yù)料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也還；也還用于用于tooto,

11、 enough to, so/suchas to等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。等固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。-ing形式表示的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自形式表示的結(jié)果，是伴隨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是因然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作是因果關(guān)系。果關(guān)系。(4)在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后或者作賓補(bǔ)在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后或者作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般只用不定式。的形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的時(shí)只能用不定式，此時(shí)表示目的時(shí)只能用不定式，此時(shí)的不定式可以放在句首。的不定式可以放在句首。(6) 在在“連詞連詞(如如when, while, if, though等

12、等)+分詞分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)分詞與結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)分詞與主句主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用主句主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ing形式，形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-ed形式。形式?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)6：作定語(yǔ)：作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：常放在所修飾的名詞動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)：常放在所修飾的名詞之后，表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作，多用來修飾之后，表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作，多用來修飾have、there be、with之后的名詞，表示之后的名詞，表示“有有要要”；或修飾；或修飾“the+序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞”。(2)分詞作定語(yǔ)：被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)分詞作定語(yǔ)：被修飾的名詞與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用關(guān)系，用-ing形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用形式，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用-

13、ed形式。形式。考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)7：特殊句式：特殊句式Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何何不做某事呢？不做某事呢？had better (not) do sth.最好最好(不不)做某事做某事would rather (not) do sth.寧愿寧愿(不不)做某事做某事would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 寧做寧做A事不做事不做B事事考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)8：獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：獨(dú)

14、立結(jié)構(gòu)(1) -ing形式的獨(dú)立成分：形式的獨(dú)立成分：judging by /from(根根據(jù)據(jù)判斷判斷), generally speaking(一般說來一般說來)，strictly speaking(嚴(yán)格說來嚴(yán)格說來), frankly speaking(坦坦率地說率地說)等。等。(2)不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：to tell you the truth(和和你說實(shí)話吧你說實(shí)話吧), to make things worse(情況更糟的情況更糟的是是)等。等。(3)用作介詞或連詞的用作介詞或連詞的considering(考慮到，考慮到，就就而言而言)和和given(考慮到考慮到)

15、后接名詞或后接名詞或that從句。從句。解答語(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，解答語(yǔ)法填空時(shí)，首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給若句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且不是并謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞必定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；然后分析該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必定用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；然后分析該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分，初定作該成分動(dòng)詞在句中作什么句子成分，初定作該成分的應(yīng)是哪一種或幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；最后的應(yīng)是哪一種或幾種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；最后再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各自的特點(diǎn)和用法，同時(shí)再根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞各自的特點(diǎn)和用法，同時(shí)看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有沒有特別的要求，再結(jié)合與邏看謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有沒有特別的要求，再結(jié)合與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定該填哪種形式。輯主

16、語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，確定該填哪種形式。另外，在確定用另外，在確定用-ing形式還是用形式還是用-ed形式，用形式，用to do還是用還是用to be done時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯時(shí)，都是由該非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來確定的。那么，主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系來確定的。那么，如何找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)？這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)如何找出非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)？這與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān)，詳見下表：詞在句中作何種成分有關(guān)，詳見下表：充當(dāng)句充當(dāng)句子成分子成分賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)邏輯邏輯主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)所修飾所修飾的詞的詞句子的句子的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)例例1the pr

17、overb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. 思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)is based，而，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是是the proverb的同位語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)而非同的同位語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)而非同位語(yǔ)從句，因此，位語(yǔ)從句，因此，help應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“幫助幫助禾苗長(zhǎng)禾苗長(zhǎng)”是是“將禾苗撥起來將禾苗撥起來”的目的，作目的的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to

18、help。例例2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)思路分析：因句中已有謂語(yǔ)was getting，所以，所以settle應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又由應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地處于某處使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，可知，me與與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞用賓補(bǔ)，是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞用賓補(bǔ)，故填故填settled。考點(diǎn)擊破考點(diǎn)擊破一、考點(diǎn)分析一、考點(diǎn)分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空中，每年必非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在語(yǔ)法填空中，每年必考，且每年一個(gè)

19、小題，但四年來，只考，且每年一個(gè)小題，但四年來，只涉及到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的兩種用法。涉及到非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的兩種用法。1.作狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)。He spit it out, 37 (say) it was awful. 解析解析因句中已有謂語(yǔ)因句中已有謂語(yǔ)spit，此處又沒，此處又沒有連詞，有連詞，say不是并列謂語(yǔ)，而是非謂不是并列謂語(yǔ)，而是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；又因he與與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。saying2.作賓補(bǔ)。作賓補(bǔ)。 Finally, I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who liv

20、ed alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, 解析解析由由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地處使某人舒服地處于某處于某處)可知，可知，me與與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞用賓補(bǔ)。又如：去分詞用賓補(bǔ)。又如：A nurse settled the old man into a chair.護(hù)士讓那位老人舒舒服服地坐護(hù)士讓那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。在椅子上。settled溫馨提示溫馨提示: :雖然只考查了非謂語(yǔ)

21、動(dòng)詞雖然只考查了非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作作狀語(yǔ)和作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)和作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，但復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)、作主語(yǔ)和作賓、作主語(yǔ)和作賓語(yǔ)也不可忽視。語(yǔ)也不可忽視。二、真題演練二、真題演練用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. 1. to please 句中已有謂語(yǔ)句中已有謂語(yǔ)was easy，please應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因在形容詞應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；因在形容詞后作狀語(yǔ)，只能用動(dòng)詞

22、不定式，故填后作狀語(yǔ)，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填to please。to please2. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. 2. to help 作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式。作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式。to help3. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _ (discover). 3. to be discovered。動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞wait后習(xí)慣后習(xí)慣上接不定式；另外

23、，上接不定式；另外，actors與與discover之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，即“等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)”，故選不定式的被動(dòng)式。故選不定式的被動(dòng)式。to be discovered4. We were astonished _(find) the temple still in its original condition. 4. to find。be astonished后要接不定后要接不定式表示原因。式表示原因。to find5. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _

24、 (buy) presents for my dad. 5. to buy。“給父親買禮物給父親買禮物”是是“從銀從銀行拿錢出來行拿錢出來”的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，的目的，作目的狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式。用動(dòng)詞不定式。to buy6. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 6. to be published。根據(jù)句中的根據(jù)句中的next month可知是將出版，故要用不定式；又可知是將出版，故要用不定式；又因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)閎ook與與publish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。用不定式的被動(dòng)式

25、。to be published7. I have a lot of readings _ (complete) before the end of this term. 7. to complete。表示有事要做，用表示有事要做，用“have+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+不定式不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的結(jié)構(gòu)，其中的不定式用作定語(yǔ)，修飾其前的名詞。不定式用作定語(yǔ)，修飾其前的名詞。to complete8. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library. 8. to be repaired。表示首先要修理的那座

26、表示首先要修理的那座建筑物，即表示未來，用動(dòng)詞不定式；又建筑物，即表示未來，用動(dòng)詞不定式；又the one與與repair是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用不定式的被動(dòng)式。的被動(dòng)式。to be repaired9. _ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. 9. Approaching。因因we與與approach是是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。Approaching10. In many peoples opinion, t

27、hat company, though relatively small, is pleasant _ (deal) with. 10. to deal。在形容詞在形容詞easy, hard, difficult, pleasant等后作狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，且等后作狀語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式，且習(xí)慣上要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。習(xí)慣上要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。to deal11. That is the only way we can imagine _ (reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms. 11. to reduce。不定式在此用作定

28、語(yǔ)，修不定式在此用作定語(yǔ)，修飾飾the only way。其實(shí)，。其實(shí)，the only way還有還有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是we can imagine，另一，另一個(gè)是個(gè)是to reduce the overuse of water。to reduce12. I had great difficulty _ (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. 12. finding。have difficulty (in) doing sth 為為固定句式，其意為固定句式，其意為“做某事有困難做某事有困難”。findin

29、g13. Im calling to enquire about the position _ (advertise) in yesterdays China Daily. 13. advertised。由于由于position(職位職位) 與與 advertise(登廣告登廣告) 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且廣之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且廣告昨天已經(jīng)刊發(fā)了，故用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。告昨天已經(jīng)刊發(fā)了，故用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。advertised14. So far nobody has claimed the money _ (discover) in the library. 14. discovered。由于由于mo

30、ney與與discover之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由句意可知，錢之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，由句意可知，錢“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”被發(fā)現(xiàn)，故用過去分詞作定被發(fā)現(xiàn)，故用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。discovered15. Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical circles. 15. recognized?？疾榭疾椤癵et+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+過去過去分詞分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的結(jié)構(gòu)。其中的“賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)”與其后與其后的的“過去分詞過去分詞”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。recognized16. Mrs. White showed her students some

31、 old maps _ (borrow) from the library. 16. borrowed。因因maps與與borrow之間為被動(dòng)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；再根據(jù)句意，地圖是關(guān)系；再根據(jù)句意，地圖是“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”借來了，借來了，所以用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。所以用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。borrowed17. Though _ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. 17. surprised。因因the professor與與surprise是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用“連詞連詞+過過去分詞去分詞”作狀語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)。surpr

32、ised18. _ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 18. Seen。由于由于the south foot與與see之間之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要選過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故要選過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。Seen19. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked. 19. laid。短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)lay a table的意思是的意思是“擺

33、桌擺桌子子”，因句中的，因句中的table與動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞lay之間為被之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。laid20. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. 20. carried。由于由于exercise(鍛煉鍛煉) 與與carry out(進(jìn)行，執(zhí)行進(jìn)行，執(zhí)行) 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用“連詞連詞+過去分詞過去分詞”作狀語(yǔ)，作狀語(yǔ)，if carried out regula

34、rly相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于if it is carried out regularly。carried21. A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano. 21. questioned。由于由于students與與question(提問，詢問提問，詢問) 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。questioned22. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues

35、_(amuse) with her stories. 22. amused。意思是意思是Lucy讓他的同事讓他的同事“感感到愉快到愉快”，表示人，表示人“感到愉快感到愉快”，用，用-ed形形式作賓補(bǔ)式作賓補(bǔ)(相當(dāng)于形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的相當(dāng)于形容詞作賓補(bǔ)的)，故填，故填amused。amused23. He had a wonderful childhood, _(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world. 23. traveling。因因he與與travel是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)traveling wit

36、h his mother作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因。traveling24. _(look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. 24. Looking。因因I與與look是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。Looking25. Listen! Do you hear someone _(call) for help? 25. calling。由由listen可知，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，可知，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，表示表示“聽見某人在做某事聽見某人在做某事”，用，用hear

37、sb doing sth句型。句型。calling26. It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 26. causing。 “引起嚴(yán)重水災(zāi)引起嚴(yán)重水災(zāi)”是是“下大下大雨雨”的自然結(jié)果，作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，用現(xiàn)在分的自然結(jié)果，作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。詞作狀語(yǔ)。causing與與which caused相相當(dāng)。當(dāng)。causing27. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less tha

38、n 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 27. weighing。因因young children與與weigh是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。句是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。句中介詞短語(yǔ)中介詞短語(yǔ)under和現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)weighing一起作定語(yǔ)，修飾一起作定語(yǔ)，修飾young children。weighing28. Almost 33 ( freeze), the old man could not get off the ground. 28. frozen。因句子主語(yǔ)因句子主語(yǔ)the old man與與freeze(凍僵

39、凍僵)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)。原因狀語(yǔ)。frozen29. A pick-up truck passed us on the road and, a few minutes later, I saw it 33 (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us. 29. pulling。因因it與與pull在這是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，在這是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，即用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，即see sb./sth. doing sth.句型。句型。pulling30. It was a presidential talk

40、 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families. 30. delivered。過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。delivered一、單句填空：一、單句填空：用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?？?。1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全國(guó)全國(guó))2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use

41、_(argue) with him. (上海上海)3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (遼寧遼寧)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江蘇江蘇) Walking arguing seated smoking 5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陜西陜西)6. I cant

42、stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陜西陜西)8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it an

43、d moved back home. (湖南湖南)accepting to stop workingto be repaired living 9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! (安徽安徽)10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南湖南)11. At the beginnin

44、g of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全國(guó)全國(guó))12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江蘇江蘇)not taking getting being opened and closed not talking 13. Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? (重慶重慶)14.

45、Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海上海)15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海上海)16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam. (福建福建)marking setting walking passi

46、ng 17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. (上海上海)18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen) again. (全國(guó)全國(guó))19. Did you have trouble in_ (find) the post office? (全國(guó)全國(guó))20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher

47、that he was wrong. (上海上海)watching happening finding admit 21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全國(guó)全國(guó))22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津天津)23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. (全國(guó)全國(guó))24. The managers dis

48、cussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. (全國(guó)全國(guó))burning running burning carried out 25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. (江蘇江蘇)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(in

49、terest) in his lectures. (江蘇江蘇)27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海上海) 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京北京) spoken interested to be made to take 29. My parents have always made me _(feel)

50、good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江蘇江蘇)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. (全國(guó)全國(guó))31. The mother felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海上海)32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always w

51、orks hard. (全國(guó)全國(guó)) feel grow grow to learn 33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽安徽)35. With a lot of difficult

52、problems _ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海上海)36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全國(guó)全國(guó))filling finished to settle pick 37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽安徽)3

53、8. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. (福建福建)39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. (廣西廣西)40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川四川)fixed i

54、mproved heard saying 41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南湖南)42. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安安徽徽)43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized h

55、e had left the cheque in the car. (福建福建)44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建福建)moving Walking Having waited Blamed 45. He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陜西陜西)46. European football is played

56、 in 80 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全國(guó)全國(guó))47. You were silly not _(lock) your car. (湖南湖南)48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe). (寧夏寧夏) to be told making to have locked to breathe 49. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南湖南)50. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西江西)51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day. (四川四