(完整word版)初中英語完形解題技巧

1、1初中英語完形填空解題技巧完形填空一直是考試中學生失分較多的題型，是對學生綜合知識掌握情況的檢測，主要測試學生在具體語言環(huán)境中對文章的 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對所學英語的 綜合運用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等的考察。完形填空設(shè)空以實詞為主、虛詞為輔，單詞為主、短語為輔。動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞等實詞通常要占全部小題數(shù)的80%以上，而介詞、連詞、冠詞等虛詞則相對考得較少。首先明確解題的步驟:解題步驟跳讀全文，掌握大意。（首句和尾句）瞻前顧后，靈活答題。（運用各種策略）B:句型結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，搭配是否有誤？C:句子是否流暢？

2、D：上下行文、前后邏輯關(guān)系是否一致？F:全文是否緊湊，中心突出，渾然一體?:解題策略（5 個方面著手）1：詞義辨析例如： When the teacher came into the classroom， our monitor spoke in a loud_， “Stand up!”A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout此題中四個詞都為聲音的意思但具體的用法不一樣，此處就指的是一個聲音，泛指聲音所以選A Many people think that more time is spent, more work will be done. So students h

3、ave to _36_ the wholeday doing homework except during the three meals. （）36. A. buyB. getC. spe ndD. take2:各種詞語搭配（形容詞與名詞搭配；副詞與動 詞搭 配；介詞短語搭配；動詞短語搭配；固定短語等）。注意：要區(qū)別外形相近而意義不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up 等:因詞組而構(gòu)成的常見的句式：It feels+形容詞+不定式。要區(qū)別形不相似而意義相近的搭配。女如： I paid12 pounds for th

4、e dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box. 句中都有 付出、花費、需 要”的意思。譯成漢語時似乎相通。但更要注意它們之間的搭配變化；要注意單個詞組的多義性。女如： takeoff 有 脫下（衣服），（飛機）起飛，匆匆離開，取下，休假等多種含意。1）_Here s a fellow who just walkedinto a bank and helped himself _ so much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of表示 自取，隨便拿”這個意義的短語是 hel

5、p on eself to 故答案為 C2）_And video cameras can be used topeople s actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch復(fù)讀全文，核實答案。A:詞匯、語法、慣用法是否合理?2句中動作的發(fā)出者是 video cameras 煉因此答案是 C,意思是 記錄”。3.語法判定（考察語法知識點）（1）要注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題，依次為動詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞。 選擇各類詞時，要注意以下幾個方面：a名詞的選擇，應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致。b動詞的選用，要注意

6、詞義和慣用搭配，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。c選擇介詞，應(yīng)注意其慣用法，特別是與動詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配。d選擇代詞，要注意性、數(shù)、格是否準確。e選擇連詞，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。f選擇形容詞和副詞，要注意詞義的區(qū)別，用于比較時，還要注意詞形變化。(2) 要注意 句法題，搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝a句子的種類包括陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。一般以考查疑問句、感嘆句的詞序為多見，其次是 祈使句的零時態(tài)等。b. 句子的類型有簡單句、并列句、復(fù)合句和并列復(fù)合句。中考考查要點是在復(fù)合句里的狀語從句、賓語從 句和直接 /間接引語，也考查簡單的定語從句。c. 句子的

7、省略與倒裝很少考查，卻要看懂，不能引起對文章的曲解。(3) 在語法適用方面，可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法a. 擇優(yōu)法是把各選項代入短文中，選出在詞義上符合要求，且在語法上又沒有語病的答案。b. 排除法是在代入選項時如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項單詞意義不對，或詞與詞搭配不妥，或存在語法錯誤，或與上下文有 矛盾，則迅速排除不合適的選項，剩下的就是正確答案。4. 上下文邏輯關(guān)系一般的解題過程是：( 1) .通讀全文，掌握大意 。結(jié)合選項初步弄清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容。(2).瞻前顧后，分析先行 。在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容對空缺句子作合乎邏輯的推理。必 須弄清空缺詞句的確切含義，空缺詞句與其前后句的意義銜接必須自然、合

8、理，不可出現(xiàn)意義斷層或說 東道西的情況，必須從空缺句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)入手，從語法、詞語固定搭配、詞形變化等角度考慮，務(wù)必使 所填的單詞準確無誤。提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有時可能是同義詞或反義詞。例如：1) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but 的提示，所填入的詞應(yīng)與 shallow 相反，因此答案為 A。2) Mrs O Neill asked_ questions and she didn t sc

9、old us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. moreand 是一個并列連詞；either 為副詞，用在否定句或否定詞后加強語勢，由此可以確定所填的詞 也應(yīng)是一個否定意義的詞，因此答案是 A。3) It has been many years since I was last in London_ I still remember something that happenedduring that visit.A. and B. for C. but D. as3根據(jù)句前的 many years 和句后的 still remember 答案應(yīng)選表示轉(zhuǎn)折的

10、連詞 but.3) .反復(fù)推敲， 攻克難關(guān) 。如果做不出來的話， 可能要改變一下思路。 如實詞多與文章的內(nèi)容直接相關(guān)， 虛詞多與文章的連貫性或句子結(jié)構(gòu)直接相關(guān)，如果從內(nèi)容上實在看不出要填哪個單詞的話，應(yīng)考慮是否 需要填介詞、連詞等。Li Bin is _ at Chinese. But he isn t good at English A. well B. fine C. nice D.good2.Idon t like tomatoes,but he_. He doesnt like salad,_ Ido.My father _ _broccoli ， but my _ _ doesn t

11、A. doB. doesC. likeD.likesA. butB. andC. orD.forA.likesB.haveC. likeD.doesA. friendlB. sisterC. motherD.uncle4：文化背景以及生活常識( 歷史、地理、社會習俗、 民族風情等)(Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the _ hospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 在這樣的緊急情況下，人們的第一個反應(yīng)是到最近的醫(yī)院就醫(yī)，因此答案 為 D。5：

12、驗證答案，修正錯誤，著重注意這幾點： 文章是否順暢；所填單詞是否是最佳單詞；所填單詞是否有拼寫錯誤。1 .所選的單詞或短語是否符合本句內(nèi)容，是否使上下文連貫和諧，是否與全文意思一致。充分利用 文章的上下文和前后句，找到對選擇有提示作用的詞或句。這些詞有可能是同義詞或反義詞。(1) Many old people don t have good _ . They can t watch TV, but they can listen to music or newsover the radio.A. hearingB. healthC. eyesight D. time(2) Some part

13、s of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very_.A. deepB. highC. coldD. dangerous2. 所選的單詞或短語是否符合某種固定搭配。包括動詞與介詞的搭配、動詞與名詞的搭配以及形容 詞與名詞的搭配等，同時要根據(jù)內(nèi)容選擇正確的短語。Washington was named _ George Washington, the first president of the United States.A. byB. forC. asD. after(3) .所選的單詞或短語是否符合某種句

14、型、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的特殊要求。(4).所選詞本身或附近詞有無特殊要求，如有些動詞后面只接動名詞而不能接不定式等。 三：解題誤區(qū)做完形填空時，除了依據(jù)所學語言知識和解題技巧外，還應(yīng)避免幾個誤區(qū)。 1、單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)，試圖用語言知識解決所有問題。 很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認真分析通篇文章。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見 樹不見林的做法只會影響解題的質(zhì)量的效率。2 、時間安排不當，在幾個選項上過分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來不及做。正確的做法 是由易到難，先做會做的，再考慮不太明白 的。四：復(fù)習建議eg: 141：熟悉語法，培養(yǎng)

15、“完整的句子意識 ”。2. 堅持在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上鍛煉語篇意識和把握整體文段的能力。3.關(guān)注生活，注意中西文化的差異。4.科學選材，有效訓(xùn)練。體裁多樣，題材豐富，語言生動地道，具有一定的教育性和趣味性。 篇幅長度 適中，布空合理，各考點均衡分布。(1) 利用上下文語境選擇 。 leafthenlargethickhasmeanEverybody loves oranges. They are sweet and juicy. They re in sections, so it is _ to eat them. Someoranges do not have any seeds. Some ha

16、ve a _ _ skin, and some have a thin skin.(2) 根據(jù)文化背景和常識選擇。leafthenlargelearnonesgrowthickhasmeanfirsteasybeginIn English, orange _ both a fruit and a color. We use the name of the fruit for the color.(3) 單詞辨義和固定搭配 。It costs 3.70 for adults,()43. A. littleB. few(4) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯推理 。that loud, fast music mak

17、es people eat faster. In fact, people 49their food faster when the music gets faster. Some restaurants play fast music during their 50 hours. This gets peopleto eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants 51 make spend even less.For example, learning can_ 59_ when you go to a museum. It can_ 60._ happ

18、en when you get a job.You learn when you _61._ a sport or when you take a trip. 課堂練習：learnonesfirsteasygrowbeginC. less D. fewerScientists also()48. A. thinkB. hope()49. A. cookB. order()50. A. freeB. busy()51. A. can(5) 根據(jù)句子所缺成分選擇 。playactivityfavoritealsolifeexamplehappenbutC. realize D. believeC.

19、 eatD. makeC. happy D. sadB. should C. can tD. needn tandstopnewmake5( 6 )根據(jù)上下文語境( 07 河北卷) How can you think in English? I think the best way is to practice as what a football player does every day.During the _46_ the football player will pass the ball to his teammates over and over again. So he won

20、t have to_47_ passing the ball in the game, he will just do it. 6( )46. A. practice B. break C. game D. day( )47. A. wait for B. think about C. look at D. give up ( 7)根據(jù)文化背景和常識(08 武漢卷)I dug a deep hole next to the rock and I dug a small incline(斜坡)up to the rock and the rock63 down into the hole by

21、itself.()63. A. layB. dropped C. walked D. ran( 8)根據(jù)單詞詞義和固定搭配08 無錫卷) But that winter the cold weather killed all the worms because he had not 38 them in a warm place. B. found C. hidden D. put9）根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯推理49 to arrange(安排)this at the information desk when you 50B. IfC. Because D. UntilB. like C. hop

22、eD. needB. arrive C. leaveD. travel10）根據(jù)上下文語境08 無錫卷) He bought more worms, which he took good care of. When winter came, he took them inside 40 they wouldstay warm. Many people bought his worms. ()40. A. beforeB. untilC. thoughD. so( 11 )根據(jù)文化背景和常識( 07 廣西南寧卷) The students had a look at their workbook

23、s and their _35_ turned red at once.()35. A. facesB. nosesC. necks D. hands( 12 )根據(jù)詞義與固定搭配( 08 沈陽卷) I m becoming more and more interested_25_ physics, and have decided that I want to _26_ it atuniversity. I m going to try to go to _27_ Montreal or Ottawa University, as both _28_ supposed to have goo

24、d PhysicsDepartments. ()25. A. inB. withC. atD. from()26. A.makeB. discoverC. studyD. keep()27. A.neither B. eitherC. bothD. only()28. A.haveB. hasC. areD. is( 13)根據(jù)句子邏輯(08 安徽卷) Why do people shake hands _54_ shaking feet? This is because of the fact that a long time ago mostpeople _55_ knives or gu

25、ns. If some of them decided that they did not want to _56_, they would show their empty hands._57_ people shook hands so that they could not _58_ knives in their sleeves( 袖子 ). Later on, hand-shaking became asymbol of _59_. ()38. A. caught_47 you are in a group of six or more people, we 48give you a

26、 special guided tour of the centre. But you( )47.A.When()48.A. can( )49.A.decide( )50.A.returnB. must C. shouldD. have to7()54. A. such as B. as well as C. in stead ofD. together with()55. A. lostB.boughtC. caughtD. carried()56. A. cheatB. fightC. dropD.speak()57. A. PerhapsB. HappilyC. CarefullyD.

27、Luckily()58. A. hideB. liftC. pullD. push()59. A. successB. victoryC. prideD. peace【例題解析】1 完形填空： 閱讀下面短文，選出最佳答案：“ Ring ring+hnirlrlonlx/ rianri Qom ni in tn1 the call. It was his aunt.2 “ Sam,iiIDUQiic|JCbuuuoi iiy i cu ocii 11 yui up iuare you still at home?” she asked surpris in gly. Sam 1ooked at

28、the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.goodness! There s an important today, ” Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . When he was going to leave the house, he 5 that he hadnot put away his books. He ran quickly to the 6 a nd put them into the bag. He the n went to the bus stop togo to

29、school as 7 as he could. When he got i nto the classroom, his classmates were 8 writi ng. “ Why are you so 9?”asked the teacher .“ I m sorry, sir, ” Sam answered,tffraid oflfcwaisignyclock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and .”“ Dont say anythinteaboet it, 12him” hi“ Don t tryto come latenext time!paper, he could not 14 in a r