定語(yǔ)從句講解方法

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)修飾、描述或提供有關(guān)名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句信息的從句。它在整個(gè)句 子中起形容詞的作用。被修飾的名詞，語(yǔ)法上稱作先行詞。從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引 導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞不僅起引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句、連接先行詞的作用，同時(shí)還充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句 中的一個(gè)成分，如：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等。定語(yǔ)從句由下列關(guān)系 代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)：(1) who, whom, that(2) which, that(3) whose(4) when, Where(5)why 1.關(guān)系代詞 who， that ,which在從句中修飾、指代人或事物，作主語(yǔ)。例句：I thank the woman.

2、She helped me.a. I thank the woman who helped me.b. I thank the woman that helped me. 例句：Did you hear about the earthquake?It happened in San Francisco last week.a. Did you hear about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco last week?b. Did you hear about the earthquake which happened in San F

3、rancisco last week?你聽(tīng)說(shuō)上星期在舊金山發(fā)生的地震了嗎？關(guān)系代詞that / which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞earthquake。在從句that / whichhappened in San Francisco last week 中作句子的主語(yǔ)。"”注意：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略。a. b.兩例句意思一樣.Which要比that正式一些。2.關(guān)系代詞 who(whom)， that ,which在從句中修飾、指代人或事物，在從句中作賓語(yǔ) Whom是賓格形式，常用于較正式的英語(yǔ)中。who和that,which常用于口語(yǔ)和非正式的英語(yǔ)中。在口語(yǔ)和非正式英語(yǔ)

4、中更多的情況下，作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞常被省略。例句:The man told me to come back.I saw him in the office.a. The man whom I saw in the office told me to come back.b. The man who I saw in the office told me to come back.c. The man that_I_saw_in_the_office_told me to come back. _d. The man I saw in the office told me to come ba

5、ck.我在辦公室見(jiàn)到的那為男士叫我回去。例句:The movie wasn' t very good.We saw it last night.a. The movie that we saw last night wasn' t very good.b. The movie which we saw last night wasn' t very good.c. The moviewe saw last night wasn' t very good.我們昨晚看的那部電影不怎么樣。關(guān)系代詞that / which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞 The movie。在從句t

6、hat we saw last night 中，that/ which作動(dòng)詞saw的賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候可以省略。注意：a.引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系代詞一定要放在從句的最前面，例如：從句whom I saw in the office，雖然關(guān)系代詞 whom在句子中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，也應(yīng)放在從句的最前面。b.從句應(yīng)盡可能地緊跟在所修飾的名詞后面。從句whom I saw in the office是用來(lái)修飾the man,所以應(yīng)放在 the man后面。3.關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，正式英語(yǔ)中，往往將介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前面。(3) The woman spoke Frenc

7、h.I traveled with her.a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.和我一起旅行的那位女士講法語(yǔ)。注意：在這類句子中修飾、指代人物時(shí)，只能用whom。關(guān)系代詞不可以用 who或that。也不可以省略關(guān)系代詞。在口語(yǔ)和非正式英語(yǔ)中，介詞往往放在原來(lái)的位置，即：在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。在這種 情況下，關(guān)系代詞可以是who/ whom/that， 也可以省略。b. The woman whomI travelled with spoke English.c. The woman who丄travelled_with_spoke Engl

8、ish.I travelled Wth spoke English. I travelled with spoke English.d. The woman thate. The woman -在從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞是作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，正式英語(yǔ)中需要前置，即，將介詞置于關(guān)系 代詞之前。例句： He is standing on a chair.Is it firm enough?he is standing firm enough?a. Is the chair on which他站的那把椅子結(jié)實(shí)嗎？on which he is standing是 which引導(dǎo)的從句，修飾 the chair。

9、Which在從句中作 介詞on的賓語(yǔ)。在英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)和非正式的英語(yǔ)中，介詞可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面。關(guān)系代詞可以 用which, that,也可以省略。standing ofirm enough? standing on_ firm enough? standing on firm enough?he is standing on中的介詞后置，關(guān)系代詞作介詞on的賓b. Is the chair which he isc. Is the chair that_he isd. Is the chair he is在例句 b. c. d.，從句that語(yǔ)，可以用that/which,也可以省略。4. 表示所

10、有格關(guān)系whose用來(lái)表示所屬關(guān)系，它的意思相當(dāng)于：his, her, its, their等等。Whose可以用來(lái)修飾人，也可以修飾物。whose和它所修飾的名詞都置于句首。(1)修飾人物(1) The man called the police.His wallet was stolen.a. The man whose wallet was stolen called the police. 錢包被竊的那個(gè)男人給警察打了電話。Whose引導(dǎo)的從句 whose wallet was stolen,修飾the man. Whose在從句中起定語(yǔ)作 用，修飾 wallet, 意思是his。(2

11、)修飾事物(2) I ' m working in the house.Its walls are made of glass. ( The walls of the house are made of glass.)a. I ' m working in the housw hose walls are made of glass.我在那座四面墻都是玻璃的房子里工作。whose walls = the walls of the housewhose = of which5. 修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞When引導(dǎo)的從句往往是用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的名詞，如：time, year, mo

12、nth, day,century等等。When在從句中起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用。(1) I ' ll never forget the day.I met you then (on that day).a. I ' ll never forget the dwhen I met you.b. I ' ll never forget the dayrn which I met you.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了見(jiàn)到你的那一天。例句a.中when引導(dǎo)的從句修飾 the day. When在從句中起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的作用，意思是on the day.因此，when 可以用 on which 替代。(2)

13、 1949 is the year.The new China was founded then (in that year).a. 1949 is the year when the new China was founded.b. 1949 is the year in which the new China was founded.When引導(dǎo)的從句修飾表示時(shí)間的名詞the year.佃49年是新中國(guó)成立的那一年。When在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意思是 in that year.在此句中，when可以用in which來(lái) 替換。看例句 b.在句中，which指代的是the year.(3)

14、7:50 is the time.My plane arrives then (at that time).a. 7:50 is the time when my plane arrives.b. 7:50 is the time at which my plane arrives.7:50是我乘坐的飛機(jī)到達(dá)的時(shí)間。When引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞 the time, when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。意思是at thattime.在這句話中，when可以用at which替代。6. 修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞Where引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，例如： city, country, room, house

15、等等。Where在從句中起地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的作用。(1) The building is very old.He lives there (in that building).a. The building where he lives is very old.b. The building in_which_he lives is very old.is very old. i is very old.c. The building which_he lives is very old.d. The building that he lives ine. The building he lives

16、i他住的那座樓很舊。building.b. 介詞前置。c. d. e.介詞在原來(lái)的位置上。如果用where引導(dǎo)從句修飾名詞，從句中就不必使用介詞。否則就必須使用介詞。（2）That is the park.We are going to have a picnic there （at that park）.a. That is the park where we are going to have a picnic.b. That is the park at which we are going to have a picnic.c. That is the park which we ar

17、e going to have a picnic at.d. That is the park that we are going to have a picnict.e. That is the park we are going to have a picnic at.那就是我們將去吃野餐的公園。（我們將在那個(gè)公園吃野餐）。Where的意思是 at the park,可以用at which替換。關(guān)系代詞型what與as7. 非限定性從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句起限制、確定先行詞的作用，用來(lái)說(shuō)明先行詞的特征與屬性。如果省略， 就會(huì)影響句子的意思。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句則是起補(bǔ)充信息的作用，如果省略，并不會(huì)影

18、響句子的意思。非限定 性定語(yǔ)從句與主句用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句常用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。 A. My friend who had been driving all day suggested stopping at the next town. 我那位開(kāi)了一整天車的朋友建議到下一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子停下。這是一句限定性定語(yǔ)從句。這句話的含義是說(shuō)還有其他不開(kāi)車的朋友B. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. 彼特開(kāi)了一整天車，他建議到下一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子停下。這是一句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的句子，它只起補(bǔ)充信息的作用。如果，將從句who hadbeen driving all day略掉，也不會(huì)影響句子的原意。（2）The books , which you ca