初中語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)講解、練習(xí)含答案

1、【一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】一、定義與講解：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。 通常與副詞every day（每天），always（總是）,usually（通常）,often（經(jīng)常）sometimes（有時(shí)）hardly ever（幾乎不）等時(shí)間狀語連用。例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。Marys father is an English teacher. 瑪麗的爸爸是一名英語老師。（2）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。She plays s

2、ports every day. 她每天都做運(yùn)動(dòng)。（3）表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。The table has four legs.桌子有四條腿。There are 50 students in my class. 我們班有50個(gè)學(xué)生。（4）表示客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，等客觀事實(shí)或格言諺語等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太陽每天從東方升起。The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（5）表示平日的喜好。I like bananas. We dont like vegetables. She doesnt like stra

3、wberries.二只有主語在第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的“三單形式”，其他人稱用動(dòng)詞原形。 動(dòng)詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則：1.（1）多數(shù)直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-s. play plays like likes ask-asks work-works get-gets call-calls（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加-es. watch-watches wish-wishes do-does go-goes （3）以“輔音字母加 - y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先變y為i再加-es. try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.不規(guī)則變化：

4、be- is have-has dodoes三、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：（1）變一般疑問句：當(dāng)句子中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則把be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,could等)提到主語的前面，（口訣：一調(diào)二變?nèi)龁柼?hào)）; I am her sister.- Are you her sister?She can play chess.-Can she play chess?（2）變否定句：在be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加not變成否定句. (be后not莫忘記)例：陳述句：She is my sister.疑問句 Is she your sister? Yes, I am./ No, Im not.否定句

5、She is not my sister.陳述句：I can play soccer.疑問句 Can you play soccer? Yes, I can./ No, I cant.否定句 I can not /cant play soccer. 注意：對(duì)一般疑問句的回答：一般用什么問就用什么來回答。但以下例外：Is this a pencil? Yes , it is./ No, it isnt.Is that your backpack? Yes , it is./ No, it isnt.Are these your parents? Yes, they are./ No, they

6、arent.Are those Jims brothers? Yes, they are./ No, they arent.（3）當(dāng)句子中沒有be動(dòng)詞，也沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變一般疑問句時(shí)，在主語前借助動(dòng)詞do (I, we, you,以及復(fù)數(shù)), does（第三人稱單數(shù)she,he,it等）變問句；（口訣：一借二變?nèi)龁柼?hào)）I like English.-Do you like English?He has three basketball.-Does he have basketball?（4）變否定句時(shí)，在主語后謂語動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞dont, doesnt變成否定句，切記：助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞則還原成

7、動(dòng)詞原形。例：陳述句：We get up（起床） at 7:00 every morning.疑問句Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句We dont get up at 7:00 every morning.陳述句：She has a brother.疑問句 Does she have a brother? 否定句 She doesnt have a brother. 在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即常在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es?！痉智迥男┲髡Z是第三人稱單數(shù)】 現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)如下： 一、人稱代詞he, she, i

8、t是第三人稱單數(shù)。He likes watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二點(diǎn)吃午餐。 二、單個(gè)人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。Han Mei likes salad . 韓梅喜歡薩拉。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中國。 Uncle Wang often plays volleyball. 王叔叔經(jīng)常打排球。 三、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"this / that / the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。This book is yours. 這本書是你的。 That car is re

9、d. The cat is Lucy's. 這只貓是露茜的。 四、不定代詞someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代詞this, that作主語時(shí)，是第三人稱單數(shù)。Everyone is here. 大家到齊了。 There is a watch on the table. 桌上有塊手表。 This is a pen. 這是一支鋼筆。That is an eraser.五、不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)為第三人稱單數(shù)。The milk（牛奶） is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very sm

10、all. 那面包很小。 六、當(dāng)數(shù)字或字母作主語時(shí)，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如： "6" is a lucky number. "6"是個(gè)吉利數(shù)字。 "I" is a letter. "I"是個(gè)字母。一、 按照要求改寫句子 1This is my pencil ? (變一般疑問句) your pencil ? Yes,_ _. / No, _ _2. These red socks are Kates . (變一般疑問句) socks Kates ? Yes,_ _. / No, _ _3. Mary does not h

11、ave any books . (變肯定句) some books . 4. She likes the black bag very much . (變?yōu)榉穸ň? 5. I like apples. (用she改寫句子) 6. Its an English dictionary . (對(duì)畫線部分提問) . 7. He has hamburger and apples for dinner . (變一般疑問句) 8.Tom likes play the piano.（變否定句） 9. Mary does her homework every day.（變一般疑問句） 10. My good f

12、riend can speak English. （變一般疑問句） 二、用Be動(dòng)詞填空。 1. you Li Fen ? No, not . 2. Mr. green very busy? Yes , he . 3.This book very interesting . 4. What class you in ? 5. You and I good friends . 6. The basketball club fun . 三用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. Lin Tao (like) his ruler . 2. Lets (have) ice cream . 3. Lets (pl

13、ay) tennis ! 4. He (like) English. 5. Nice (meet) you ! 6. I (need) some fruits. 四、 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 have like drink _ go _ stay _ study_ _ teach_make _look _have_ come_be_watch_ plant_ fly _ do_ listen_play_一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)練習(xí)一、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class

14、 One.3. We_(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _ _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) pears?6. _ your parents _(have) eggs every day?7. There _(be) some water in the bottle.8. Mike _(like) cooking. 9. Liu Tao _ _(do) not like PE.10. This boy often _(watch) TV in the evening.二、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確

15、的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _ _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _ 三、改寫句子。1. He is Johnny. (改為一般疑問句) 2. These are his parents. (改為一般疑問句) 3. He has a tennis racket. (改為一般疑問句) 4. He c

16、an play the baseball. (改為一般疑問句)_5. I have some baseball bats. (改為一般疑問句) 6. She has many things to do today. (改為一般疑問句) 7. I like hamburgers . (改為一般疑問句) 8. They have a TV. (改為一般疑問句) 9. You are Tina. (改為否定句) 10. These are my brothers. (改為否定句) 11. The books are on the bookcase. (改為否定句) 12.Three book are

17、 under the desk. (改為否定句) 13.She has a computer game. (改為否定句) 14.We have a big TV in our house. (改為否定句) 15.Kate has some money in her pocket. (改為否定句) 16.He likes ice cream. (改為否定句) 17. Nice to meet you! (寫出答語) 18. Is that a dictionary ?(改為復(fù)數(shù)句) _19. These are photos. (改為單數(shù)句) 20. Is he your cousin? (作肯

18、定回答) 21.Is Linda his sister? (作否定回答) 22.Is this a Chinese book? (作否定回答)_【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)】一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are)動(dòng)詞-ing”構(gòu)成，表示說話者“此刻”或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的行為。二、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1肯定句：主語+ be(am, is, are)+ doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他.I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通電話。He is playing tennis. 他正在打網(wǎng)球。 My parents are dancing. 我

19、父母正在跳舞。2否定句：主語+be not+ doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他.I'm not studying. 我沒在學(xué)習(xí)。 She is not reading now. 現(xiàn)在她不是在看書。They are not writing. 他們沒在寫。3一般疑問句：Be動(dòng)詞+主語+ doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他 ？(1) Is she still helping Li Ling? 她還在幫助李玲嗎？ Yes, she is. 是的。No, she isn't. 不，她沒在幫李玲。(2) Are you listening to music? 你正在聽音樂嗎？ Yes, I am.

20、是的。/No, I'm not. 不，我沒有聽音樂。4特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be動(dòng)詞+主語+ doing（現(xiàn)在分詞）+其他 ？ What are you studying? 你正在學(xué)什么？ I'm studying English. 我在學(xué)英語。 What is Mike doing? 邁克在做什么？-He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比賽。三、 現(xiàn)在分詞的變化規(guī)則1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing, 如：think-_go-_ see-_2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,再加-ing，如： come-_make-_3.以重讀閉音

21、節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ing, 如： put-_ run-_ forget-_四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法1表示此時(shí)此刻(說話者)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。The teacher is talking with his students. 這位老師正在同他的學(xué)生交談。What are you doing now? 你現(xiàn)在干什么呢？2表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但此刻并不一定在進(jìn)行。We are doing an experiment this week. 我們這個(gè)星期正在做一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。(但說話時(shí)并不一定在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。)3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來表示將來發(fā)生

22、的動(dòng)作，這一用法常用于go, come, leave, start 等短暫性動(dòng)詞，后面也常用表示較近的將來時(shí)間狀語 (如tomorrow, tonight, this morning/Friday等)，表示安排或計(jì)劃好的事情。例如：We are leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我們明天啟程去上海。4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)正發(fā)生的或者正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與時(shí)間狀語 now , at the moment 等連用。It is raining hard now . Don't hurry .I am writing a letter . Will you please

23、 turn down the radio ?Watch out (當(dāng)心) ! It's falling .Look ! The clouds are gathering .5.表示按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。We are going to Rome next week . Mr Black is leaving for Shanghai in a few days .Are you doing anything special tonight ?6用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中表達(dá)將來正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。I'll telephone you tomorrow while I'm w

24、aiting .I'll think about it while you are writing the report .When you are talking with him , take care not to mention this .If you are standing at the corner when I pass , I'll give you a lift into town .五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的練習(xí)題 按要求改寫句子The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_對(duì)“is playing

25、basketball”提問：_對(duì)“ The boy”提問：_They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_ 一般疑問句：_肯定回答：_ 否定回答：_對(duì)“are singing ”提問：_對(duì)“ in the classroom”提問：_4.she,the window ,open, now.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_5.The birds are singing in the tree.(就劃線部分提問)_6.is,who,the window, cleaning?(連詞成句)_7. The children are playing games near the

26、 house.(就劃線部分提問)_8.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)_9.You are doing your homework.(用“I”作主語改寫句子)_10.they,the tree, sing, now, under.(用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連詞成句.)_11.The Young Pioneers are helping the old woman.(改成一般疑問句)_II.單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.我在照看孩子.(A)I am looking after the baby. (B)I'm look aftering the baby.(C)I look am aftering the baby. (D)I looking after the baby.( )2._friend's making _a kite.(A)I, me (B)My, my(C)My, me (D)His, his( )3