Morpheme詞素學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1Morpheme詞素詞素(c s)第一頁，共13頁。DefinitionThe smallest unit of language in The smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between terms of relationship between expression and content, a unit expression and content, a unit that cannot be further divided that cannot be further divided into small

2、er units without into smaller units without destroying or drastically altering destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.or grammatical.第1頁/共12頁第二頁，共13頁。FreeBoundFree rootderivationalinflectionalBound rootaffixesMORPHEMESp

3、refixsuffix詞綴詞綴(czhu)黏著黏著(ninzhu)詞根詞根自由自由(zyu)詞根詞根詞素詞素派生詞綴派生詞綴屈折詞綴屈折詞綴自由詞素自由詞素黏著詞素黏著詞素第2頁/共12頁第三頁，共13頁。Free morphemes（自由（自由(zyu)詞素詞素）Free morphemes are those that may occur alone, that is, those which may make up words by themselves. E.g. bed dog dance nation Such words are called mono-morphemic wor

4、ds（單（單語素語素(y s)詞）詞）.All mono-morphemic words are free morphemes. poly-morphemic words（多語素（多語素(y s)詞）：詞）：Words consist wholly of free morphemes.第3頁/共12頁第四頁，共13頁。E.g. distempered It has three morphemes, namely, dis-, temper, and ed, of which temper is a free morpheme, dis- and ed are two bound morphem

5、es.第4頁/共12頁第五頁，共13頁。In contrast, -s in cups, -al in national, dis- in disopen, cannot alone. These must appear with at least one different morpheme, and called bound morphemes（黏著（黏著(ninzhu)詞素）詞素）.第5頁/共12頁第六頁，共13頁。The root（詞根（詞根(cgn)） is the primary lexical unit of a word, and carries the most signif

6、icant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents ache 痛痛 earache 耳痛耳痛 第6頁/共12頁第七頁，共13頁。 A root may also be free or bound. First, free root（自由（自由(zyu)詞根）詞根） morphemes are those that can stand by themselves and are the base forms of words, such as bookishSecond, there

7、are relatively a few bound root （黏（黏著著(ninzhu)詞根）詞根）morphemes in English.Such as :pseudo-第7頁/共12頁第八頁，共13頁。An affix（詞綴（詞綴(czhu)） is the collective term for the type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem), so affix is naturally bound.Affixes in a language a

8、re limited in number, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix（前綴（前綴(qinzhu)）, suffix（后綴）（后綴） and infix（中綴）（中綴）, depending on their position around the root or stem of a word. 第8頁/共12頁第九頁，共13頁。Inflectional affix（屈折（屈折(q sh)詞綴詞綴）: Affix that attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional affixInflectional affixes are mostly suffixesE.g: cups asked faster 第9頁/共12頁第十頁，共13頁。Derivational affix（派生（派生(pishng)詞綴）詞綴）are affixes which are added to other morphemes to create new wordsE.g: react deboneDerivational affixes can be prefixes or suf