0302靜脈Vein-人體解剖學匯總

1、靜脈體循環(huán)的靜靜脈系的組成: 肺循環(huán)的靜脈Veins of Pulmonary CirculationVeins of Systemic Circulation右上肺靜脈右下肺靜脈肺靜脈Pulmonary vein左上肺靜脈左下肺靜脈體循環(huán)的靜脈靜脈的一般特征：General Characteristics of Veins1小靜脈逐級匯入大靜脈，稱 為 大靜脈的屬支1 ributary：2腔大壁薄，彈性小，血流緩慢， 壓力低；活體靜脈無搏動。3有靜脈瓣（主要見于四肢靜脈）4分為淺、深兩類5靜脈之間有豐富的吻合交通支靜脈的結構和配布特點:Structure and Features of Ve

2、insVenous valve6幾種特殊的靜脈深靜脈Deep Vein伴行靜脈淺靜脈SuperficialVein皮下靜脈“青筋”吻合支豐富淺靜脈靜脈網Rete（手背.足背）深靜脈- 靜脈叢Plexus（食管、膀胱、子宮、直腸）側枝循環(huán)I Inferiorvesical v.Internalpudendal v.Inferior rectal v.Superior vesical& uterine viMiddle rectal v.Internalpudendal v.Inferior mesenteric v. (toportal v. via splenic v.)Sigmoid

3、 w.Podmuscuhrrectal plexusAnterior viewInferior十vena cavaCommoniliac v. Q分深、淺兩類影響靜脈回流的因素（了解）1靜脈瓣單向開放;2周圍肌肉收縮時擠壓，伴行動脈搏動;3心舒張時心房的抽吸和吸氣時胸腔負壓加大;4臟器運動.體位改變等?！緦W習提示】關注重點：1 頭頸部和上-下肢淺靜脈：起始-走行和注入不與Artery伴行;位置表淺，在身體表面可以看到其走行;臨床上進行靜脈注射-輸液輸血、采血和插管的常用部位。2胸-腹腔非動脈同名的深靜脈：上、下腔靜脈，肝門靜脈系體循環(huán)的靜脈Veins of Systemic Circulati

4、on出腔靜脈下腔靜脈心靜脈系組成：由上腔靜脈及其屬支組成;奈上腔靜脈系收集范圍：頭頸部上肢和胸部的靜脈血;注入部位：右心房。頸內靜脈頸外靜脈鎖骨下靜脈頭臂靜脈副半奇靜脈半奇靜脈腰升靜 I靜脈角Venous angle上腔靜脈Superior vena cava_奇靜脈_Azygos vein上腔靜脈一Superior vena cava頭頸部的靜脈頸外靜脈穎淺靜脈一下頜后靜脈 耳后靜脈面深靜脈頸外靜脈為臨床兒科靜脈穿刺部位。頸內靜脈的顱內屬支與顱外屬支之間的交通Internal jugular v7面靜脈與海綿竇的交通危險上肢的淺靜脈十頭靜脈肘正中貴要靜脈起始走行注入前臂正組成：由下腔靜脈及其

5、屬支組成;奈下腔靜脈系下肢的靜脈深靜脈S3小隱靜脈大隱靜脈脛前靜脈）胭靜脈 i 股靜脈 f 脛后靜脈/:下半身的靜脈血;下腔靜脈-貉總靜脈一路內靜脈 務外靜脈肝靜脈腎上腺靜脈腎靜睪丸靜脈（卵巢靜脈）奈下肢的淺靜脈1大隱靜脈(reat saphenous vein五條屬支起始走行注入股內側淺靜脈股外側淺靜脈腹壁淺靜脈陰部外淺靜脈旋辭淺靜脈2小隱靜脈Small saphenous v.1下肢靜脈曲張盆部的靜脈髒內靜脈Internal iliac vvesicalSuperficialdorsal veinxofpenis Deepdorsal / vein &dorsal a. ofpen

6、isLeft paramedian section: lateral viewRight obturator vesselsRight umbilical a. Superior vesical a. Obliterated umbilical a. # Deep、/ X AcircumflexW iliac夕X / vesselsInferior、_J BK epigastnc vesselsDuctus doforons Medialumbilical llg. -UrachusObliteratedumbilicalInferiorvosical a. Perineal a.Intern

7、al pudondal a. inurogenital diaphragm膀胱靜脈叢 直腸靜脈叢 子宮靜脈叢 陰道靜脈叢腹部的靜脈Veins of abdomen臟支肝門靜脈系to 4thstricPubic v.InferiorepigastricSuprarenal v. SRenal v. kwlOvarian(testicular)Superiorgluteal v.Inferiorgluteal v.IntomalpudendalpterovaginalplexusOvarian(testicular v.& ureter(cut) 7Round ligamentof ute

8、rus Femoral v. VIVI Greatsaphonous v.External pudendal v.Middlerectal v.Uterine v.Superiorvesical v.Inferior phrenic v.Hepatic v.Inferior _ ” vanscaviPsoas major J 71Qundratus、口lumborum，肝門 靜脈系Hepatic Portal Systerri由肝門靜脈及其屬支組成，收集腹腔內（肝除外）不成對臟器的靜脈血。 肝門靜脈Portal vein收集范匚肝門靜脈系的特點肝門靜脈Hepatic Portal Vein脾靜

9、脈1.組成2行程下靜脈收集腹盆部消化管道（包括食管腹段， 但齒狀線以下肛管除外）.脾、胰、膽 囊的靜脈血。收集同名動脈 分布范圍的 靜脈血，引 流進入肝臟屬支附臍靜脈胃左靜脈胃右靜脈脾靜脈Infonor vonacovaStomachInMnoemosntercve*nGastroepiploic vein*收集范 肝門靜脈系的特點Features 肝門靜脈及其屬支缺乏靜脈瓣。肝門靜脈系與上、下腔靜脈系有豐富的吻合。主要吻合部位食管下段:食管靜脈叢直腸下段:直腸靜脈叢臍周： 臍周靜脈網A 食管下段： 食管靜脈叢門靜脈 胃聲靜脈 食靜脈叢食管靜脈上腔靜脈Vertebral v.PortalLef

10、t renal v.ThoracicductInferior thyroid v.Internal jugular v.- Extomsljugular vrLoft inferior phrenic v. Short ,gastricnt renal v.x/*Loft gastric v.Right gastric v. ._Esophageal branch / Superior mesenteric v. Inferkx mesenteric v. of leftgastric v. Right gastroepiploic v.Left 1 aupraranal JLoftgastr

11、oepiploic v.Inferior vena cava(cut).cavaInferiorvena -肝的功能性血管，門靜脈屬支的起始端和肝內分支的末端，兩端都是毛細血曾脈脾早脈直腸上靜脈直腸靜脈叢骼內靜脈下腔靜脈MiddleiJugularSuperior rectal v.乂External iliac w.ThoracoepigastricPeriumbilicalvenous reteThorac o epigastric v.Superficialepigastric v.Superficialcircumflexiliac v.Anterior viewL*Inferior

12、venacavaComrron - iliac v.Lateral thoracic v.Intercostal w.-Internal thoracic v.Intern al iliac v.Obturator v.y Cephalic v.Axillary v.Lateralthoracic v.Areolarvenous plexusMusculophrenic v.-lHSuperior epigastric Thoracoepigastric v. Paraumbilical v.Inferior epigastric v.Deep circumflexiliac v.Thorac

13、oepigastricv. (cut) Superficialcircumflex iliac v.、Superficialepigastric v. (cut)Superior vesical& uterine v.-Middle rectal v.Internal母pudendal v.CovwnMnicjrfenbowen irtormri ApertmuftcuiM plexusInferiorvesical v.一Internalpudendal v. Inferior rectal v.Perimuscularrectal olexusSubclavian v. h Axi

14、llary v ? 匸Cephalic_/HU Communication _ irVA叮between internal/ & externalInternal rectal plexus営FyfAmAl rArtalnlAYiiftPexus一: ExternalExternal pudendal*Femoral v.Great saphenous v.u-Pampiniform venousplexus uADeep &superficial* dorsal w.of penisFossa ovalisGreatsaphenous v.Anteriorscrotal w.Inferior mesenteric v.(to portal v. via splenic v.)Sigmoid w.門靜脈I附臍靜脈I臍周靜脈網腹壁上靜脈和胸腹壁靜脈I上腔靜脈腹壁下靜脈和腹壁淺靜脈I下腔靜脈門脈高壓癥IIIIII腹壁靜脈曲張（海蛇頭）脾腫大貧血 腹水卜肝昏迷1.以動脈的網絡框架作為基礎，學習深靜脈; 建立血管的連屬