初中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件概要

1、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)適用學(xué)科初中英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)小學(xué)五年級(jí)適用區(qū)域全國(guó)課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）120 知識(shí)點(diǎn)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法掌握如何讓主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)注意時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合教學(xué)重點(diǎn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法教學(xué)難點(diǎn)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法教學(xué)過(guò)程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，表示句子中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，漢語(yǔ)往往用“被” 、“受” 、 “給”等詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。今天我們復(fù)習(xí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，知識(shí)點(diǎn)小而多，希望在學(xué)習(xí)中認(rèn)真再認(rèn)真

2、。二、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列幾種情況：1、不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如：this watch is made in china. 這塊手表是中國(guó)制造的。some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。2、沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。如：more trees must be planted every day. 每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天 8 小時(shí)睡眠必須得到保證。3、需要強(qiáng)調(diào)

3、或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。4、句子的主語(yǔ)不是人。如：many houses were washed away by the flood. 許多房屋被洪水沖走了。知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)（1）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞【記憶竅門】賓變主，主變賓，by 短語(yǔ)后面跟。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be 后“ 過(guò)分 ” 來(lái)使用。(2) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)與svc( 動(dòng)詞 ed 形式作表語(yǔ) )結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，svc 結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的

4、特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其中的過(guò)去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，be 只有一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài)。被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)一般要與相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)一致。下面把這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)作一比較：1、the library is usually closed at 6. 圖書館通常六點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )the library is now closed. 圖書館關(guān)門了。(svc 結(jié)構(gòu) )2、the bridge was completed in 1968. 橋是 1968 年建成的。 (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )the bridge is completed. 橋已修好。 (svc 結(jié)構(gòu) ) 3、the glass was broken by my sis

5、ter.玻璃杯是我妹妹打破的。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )the glass is broken.玻璃杯破了。 (svc 結(jié)構(gòu) )為了便于考生們的理解，再舉幾個(gè)svc 結(jié)構(gòu)的例句：the gun is loaded.槍裝上子彈了。your composition is well written.你的作文寫得很好。the door is locked. 門鎖著。he was injured in the leg. 他腿部受了傷。知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3. 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1、要將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要將賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?、把主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)，主格代詞變成賓格代詞，

6、并由by 引導(dǎo)。3、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)形式+ 動(dòng)作承受者被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：動(dòng)作承受者+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)形式+ 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者we asked him to sing an english song. 我們讓他唱一首英文歌。he was asked to sing an english song by us.他被我們要求唱一首英文歌。知識(shí)點(diǎn) 4. 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ does am/is/are done we clean the classroom. the classroom is cleaned by u

7、s. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)did was/were done he made the kite. the kite was made by (1) 帶雙賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，也可以將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)。若將間接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)，則保留直接賓語(yǔ)；若將直接賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化成主語(yǔ)則保留間接賓語(yǔ)，且在被保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加上介詞to 或 for。如：she gave me a book. i was given a book by her. a book was given to me by her. (2) 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞和介詞、副詞構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)

8、相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語(yǔ)， 也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 但是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候，不可丟掉構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或者副詞。如：we should speak to old men politely. ( 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）old men should be spoken to politely. （to 不可省略）his best friend often looks after him. he is often looked after by his best friend. (3)帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)加上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)， 只把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸?/p>

9、動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在原處，成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：i heard jane playing the piano in her room. jane was heard playing the piano in her room. (4) 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇主動(dòng)句中在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, watch, feel, notice 等，及使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have 等后跟省略to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。如：him. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall/be going to do will/shall/be going to be done th

10、ey will plant trees tomorrow. trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has done have/has been done jim has finished the work. the work has been finished by jim. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must do can/may/must be done ican find him. he can be found by me. he makes the girl stay at home. the girl is made to

11、 stay at home by him. (5)日積月累it is said that+ 從句及其他類似句型一些表示 “ 據(jù)說(shuō) ” 或“ 相信 ” 的動(dòng)詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型 “it be過(guò)去分詞 that 從句 ” 或“ 主語(yǔ) be過(guò)去分詞to do sth.”。有：it is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) ,it is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道， it is believed that大家相信， it is hoped that 大家希望， it is well known th

12、at眾所周知， it is thought that大家認(rèn)為， it is suggested that 據(jù)建議。例： it is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （ the boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 1 及物動(dòng)詞 (或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) )有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞(或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) )無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如： （1） 【誤】 the accident was happened this morning. 【正】 the accident happened this mornin

13、g. （2） 【誤】great changes were taken place in the past ten years in china. 【正】great changes have taken place in the past ten years in china. 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 2 主動(dòng)句中帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，若將直接賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)加to 或for；如將間接賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),不需加介詞。例如： 【誤】 a present was given everybody yesterday. 【正】a present was given to everybody yesterday

14、. 【正】 everybody was given a present yesterday. 常見(jiàn)的帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give, send, pass, show, bring, tell( 以上單詞通常用to) ,buy, get, read, make (以上單詞通常用for) 。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) 3“ 感使動(dòng)詞 ” (feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) “to ”走開(kāi)，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)又請(qǐng)來(lái)，十個(gè)動(dòng)詞要記牢，不會(huì)被它再難倒。例如： （1） 【誤】 lily is often heard s

15、ing in her bedroom. 【正】 lilyisoften heard to sing in her bedroom. （2） 【誤】 when father was young, he was made work from morning till night. 【正】 when father was young, he was made to work from morning till night. 三、例題精析【例題 1】【題干】 it is said that potato chips _ by mistake about a hundred years ago.a. i

16、nvent b. invented c. are invented d. were invented 【答案】 d【解析】 考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。【例題 2】【題干】 food safety is important. rules _ to stop people from food pollution. a. must make b. must be made c. can t make d. can t be made【答案】 b【解析】 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。本句句意：食品安全很重要，必須制定制度來(lái)阻止人們?cè)馐苁称肺廴?；根?jù)句意應(yīng)該含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mus

17、t 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即must be done?！纠} 3】【題干】 shall we go out for a swim? sorry, i can t. i _housework for my mother now.a. am doing b. is doing c. are doing d. did 【答案】 a【解析】 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境 “ 我不能出去游泳， （因?yàn)椋?我現(xiàn)在正在為我媽媽做家務(wù)?！焙笥?now.故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。選a。四、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1.a lot of trees _ on the hill yesterday. a. are planted b. will b

18、e planted c. have been planted d. were planted 【答案】 d【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday 可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，由trees和 plant 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用一般過(guò)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)2. in the past the children were made _15 hours a day. a. to lock b. work c. to work d. lock 【答案】 c【解析】 be made to do sth 被迫做某事， make 的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要帶to, 故選 c。3. the taiwan spotted deer, fa

19、n xing and dian dian, _ to the chinese mainland on april 16, 2011. ahave sent bwere sending cwere sent d had sent 【答案】 c【解析】 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。由句意“ 臺(tái)灣梅花鹿 “ 繁星 ” 和“ 點(diǎn)點(diǎn) ” 在 2011 年 4 月 16 日被送到中國(guó)大陸 ” 可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選c?！眷柟獭?.china has offered much help to japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami （海嘯） .

20、 a. hits b. is hit c. was hit d. will be hit 【答案】 c【解析】 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。根據(jù)句意“ 自從日本被地震和海嘯襲擊后，中國(guó)給它提供很多援助” 可知， it 指的是 japan, 和 hit 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系。地震和海嘯發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此用一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選c。2. who is that little boy in the photo, oscar? oh, it s me! it _ when i was five years old.a. was taken b. took c. was taking 【答案】 a【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答

21、語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)it 指 photo，與動(dòng)詞take 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由答語(yǔ)句意“ 是在我五歲時(shí)拍的?！?可知，是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選 a。【拔高】1.how often do i need to feed the bird? they food every day, or they will be hungry. a. must give b. mustn t give c. must be given d. mustn t be give 【答案】 c【解析】 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 they 即 birds，they 和 give 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除a 和

22、b 由句意 “ 必須每天給他們食，否則他們將非常餓?！?故選 c。2.as everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere. a. need be thrown b. mustn t be thrown c. can t throw d. may throw【答案】 b【解析】 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)。垃圾rubbish 和 throw 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。排除c 和 d。句意為“ 每人都知道的，到處都禁止扔垃圾” 。mustnt表禁止。故選b。課程小結(jié)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是初中階段的一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞【記憶竅門】賓變主，主變賓，by 短語(yǔ)后面跟

23、。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后 “ 過(guò)分 ” 來(lái)使用。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在不同時(shí)態(tài)中形式要牢記：時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/ does am/is/are done we clean the classroom. the classroom is cleaned by us. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)did was/were done he made the kite. the kite was made by him. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall/be will/shall/be they will plant trees trees will be 課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1.in many p

24、laces in china, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government. a. is taking good care b. are taken good care of c. is taking good care of d. are taken good care 【答案】 b【解析】被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法。句意“ 在中國(guó)的許多地方，超過(guò)90 歲的人不僅被家庭好好照顧著，而且也被政府照顧著” 。 the old 指一類人，因此是復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除a、 c，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的動(dòng)作須是及物動(dòng)詞，因此選b。2. it

25、 s reported that nanjing south railway station _ at the end of this month.a. has been completed b. is completed c. was completed d. will be completed 【答案】 d【解析】 考查句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析本句是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選d 項(xiàng)。3. who is the little girl in the picture? its me. the picture _10 years ago. a. took b. is taken c. has taken d. was taken 【答案】 d