2020年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(全國(guó)I卷)(含答案)

1、2020 年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)卷 I ）英語注意事項(xiàng)：1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2. 回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。 如需改動(dòng)， 用橡皮擦干凈后， 再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。 回答非選擇題時(shí)， 將答案寫在答題卡上， 寫在本試卷上無效。3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。 第一部分 聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分 30 分）做題時(shí)， 先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。 錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后， 你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案 轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分 40 分） 第一節(jié) （共 15小題；每小題 2分

2、，滿分 30 分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C和D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATrain InformationAll customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information ， please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains ru

3、n as scheduled ，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.Lost property （失物招領(lǐng)）Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm an

4、d is located （位于） at Roma Street station.Public holidaysOn public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event days ， i.e.Australia Day, Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable

5、， Before travel please visit .au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.Customers using mobility devicesMany stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance,please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.Guardian trains (outbound)16DepartOrigin6:42pmAltandi7:

6、29pmCentral8:57pmFortitude Valley11:02pmRoma StreetDestinationArriveVarsity Lakes7:37pmVarsity Lakes8:52pmVarsity Lakes9:52pmVarsity Lakes12:22am21. What would you do get ticker information?A. Call 13 16 17B. Visit translink .com.au.C. Ask at the local station.D. Check the train schedule.分值】 2分答案】 C

7、22. At which station can you find the lost property office?A. Altandi.B. Roma Street.C. Varsity LakesD. Fortitude Valley.分值】 2分答案】 B23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?A. 6:42pmB. 7:29pmC. 8:57pm.D. 11:02pm. 分值】 2分【答案】 BBReturning to a book you' ve read many ti

8、mes can feel like drinks with an old friend.Therewelcomefamiliarity but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changedyou both, and thus the relationship. But books don' t change,people do.And that' s whatmakes the act of rereadso rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies

9、 in the idea that our bond with the work is based on ourpresent mental register. It ' s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But withreading, it about the present. It' s about the now and what one contributes to the now,because readvineg is a giand take between author and r

10、eader. Each has to pull their ownweight.There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring isEmestHemningway ' s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it' s his classic memoirs .oTf h1e9 20s Parilanguage is almost intoxicating （ 令人陶醉的 ）， an aging writer lo

11、oking back on an ambitiousyet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard 'Hosl y the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble （ 隨筆 ）about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio CortazarS'elesc SteadvPeo Tewmislig, hbte:causepoetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these thre

12、e were given to me as gifs, which mightadd to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful andnecessary, rereading an author ' s work is the highesctu rrency a reader can pay them. The bestbooks are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it&

13、#39; s you that has to growand read and rereadin order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It ' s a window to a whole new world.C. It ' s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understan

14、ding of oneself. 【分值】 2分答案】 D25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. It ' s a brief account of a trip.B. It ' s about Hemingway ' s life as a young man.C. It ' s a record of a historic event.D. It ' s about Hemingway ' s friends in Paris.【分值】 2分【答案】 B26. What d

15、oes the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A. DebtB. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.【分值】 2分【答案】 B27. What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He loves poetry.B. He ' s an editor.C. He ' s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading.【分值】 2分【答案】 ACRace walking shares many

16、fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the SummerOlympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than

17、the marathon. Butthe sport ' s rules require that a race walker ' s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact （ 接觸 ） with the ground at all times. It' s this strange form that makesrace walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norbe

18、rg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里 ） perhour, which is approximatel

19、y twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four tim

20、es their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner' suncommon among race walkers. But the sport' s strange form does p

21、lace considerable stress on theankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practic

22、e.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.【分值】 2分【答案】 C29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It 'mosr e popular at the Oly

23、mpics.B. It ' s less challenging physically.C. It ' s more effective in body building.D. It ' s less likely to cause knee injuries.【分值】 2分【答案】 D30 What is Dr. Norberg s sugg'estion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting expertsini'ons o. pB. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring

24、 an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.【分值】 2分【答案】 As attitude to race walking?31. Which word best describes the authorA. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. TolerantD. Conservative. 分值】 2分 答案】 BThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies

25、have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown ，Ohio ，forexample, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another ， employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Insti

26、tute of Technology（ MIT ）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse ， even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chem

27、icalsin groundwater. We' re thinkingabout how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow （發(fā)光） in experiments using somecommon vegetab

28、les. Strano's team tfhoautn tdh ey could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light ， about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by ， is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.

29、in the future ，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant 'lifse time. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off switch where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accou

30、nts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source （電源） such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission （傳輸） .Glowing plants could reduce this distance and the

31、refore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.【分值】 2分【答案】 D33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To d

32、etect plants ' lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.【分值】 2分【答案】 A34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They

33、might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.【分值】 2分【答案】 C35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made p

34、ollution-free?分值】 2分【答案】 C第二節(jié) （共 5 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 10 分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容， 從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余 選項(xiàng)。A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.36 Here ' s a handful of ways that wli lset you in the right d

35、irection. 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world. Forgive yourself for mistakes that you

36、have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate （有同情心 ） response? That didn ' t go as planned. But, I tried

37、my best. Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 Now that you ' ve listed your strengths,

38、list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don' t feel good enough. Neosew ,w roeradds thback to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Wh

39、ere do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.E Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?分值】 2分答案】36. B37. F38. D39. C40. A第三部分 語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分 45 分）第一節(jié) （共 20小題；每小題 1.5分，滿分 30 分）閱讀下面短文，從短文

40、后各題所給的A、B、C和 D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our slidingll want to go outside45 a 'winsd owthey ' vaelw aysglass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they 43 .It will drive us crazy. The kids

41、 apparently know the 44. But our insisting it has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids. One day they ' 4ll7 and discover that everything known about windows is a 48.I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the50 . I have a very strong 51th

42、at the lie we' rete lling is doing 52 damage to ourchildren. Windows and doors have53 metaphorical （比喻） meanings. I ' m telling them they can 'ot pen what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they come to ametaphorical door, like an opportunity （機(jī)會(huì)） of some sort, and 55 op

43、ening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, What if it isn't a doTorh?at is, What if it isn'57t a opportunity? Maybe it ' s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn ' t lie to my kids. I should just 59 repeatedly having to say, No. We can 't g

44、o outside now. Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won ' t 60 to open them and walk through.41. A. reliefB. targetC. reasonD. case42. A. admitB. believeC meanD. realize43. A. graduallyB. constantlyC. temporarilyD. casually44. A. resultB. dangerC. method

45、D. truth45. A. merelyB. slightlyC. hardlyD. partly46. A. reviewingB. approvingC. receivingD. attempting47. A. win outB. give upC. wake upD. stand out48. A. dreamB. lieC. fantasyD. fact49. A. parentsB. twinsC. colleaguesD. teachers50. A. restrictionsB. explanationsC. differencesD. consequences51. A.

46、demandB. fearC. desireD. doubt52. A. physicalB. biologicalC. spiritualD. behavioral53. A traditionalB. importantC. doubleD. original54. A. lifeB. timeC. replyD. history55. A. by comparison with B. in addition toC. regardless ofD. instead of56. A. get hold ofB. stare atC. knock onD. make use of57. A

47、realB. TypicalC. similarD. limited58. A. safety ruleB. comfort zoneC. bottom lineD. top secret59. A. delayB. regretC. enjoyD. accept60. A. hurry【分值】 1.5分【答案】41. C42. A43. B44. D45. A46. D47. C48. B49. A50. D51. BB. decideC. hesitateD.intend52. C53. B54. A55. D56. B57. A58. C59. D60. C 第二節(jié) (共 10小題；每小

48、題 1.5分，滿分 15 分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1 個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang '-e4 probe ( 探測(cè)器 ) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole- Aitken basin. Landin

49、g on the moon' sfar side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon' sb ody blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particul

50、ar 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山 )， more so 65 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang -4 66'e(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct) Data about the moon' s composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (