人教版高一英語必修3賓語從句與表語從句詳細(xì)講解及練習(xí)

1、名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。主語從句： Who will win the match is still unknown.賓語從句： I want to know what he has told you.表語從句： The fact is that we have lost the game.同位語從句： The news that we won the game is exciting.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞 (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分 )：th

2、at ,whether ,if連接代詞：what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever連接副詞： when ,where ,how ,whyObject Clauses賓語從句一、賓語從句的概念：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。位置：通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句 +連詞 (引導(dǎo)詞 )+ 賓語從句e.g.She asked if these answers were right.We can learn what we do not know.I don t knowwhere we will hold the meeting.通過觀察

3、，我們可以知道賓語從句的語序用陳述語序：連接詞 +主語 +謂語 +其他成分1)Could you tell me_.A. you will get here whenB. when will you get hereC. get here when you willD. when you will get here2) Mother asked his son what _for lunch at school.A. did he hadB. does he hadC. he hasD. he had3) Pointing to the young plant, he asked me _ t

4、hat was the one we had seen in the picture.A. whatB. ifC. whereD. how二、連接詞1、從屬連接詞 (不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分 )： that ,whether ,if1）、 I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.2）、 I want to know if /whether he will go to the park with us用 it 做形式賓語的賓語從句時(shí)， it ?？梢苑旁趧?dòng)詞 think, find, consider, believe, feel,make 等后作為形式賓語，

5、 而真正的賓語 that 從句則放在句尾） （此時(shí) that 一定不可以省略）1I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.We heard it that she would get married next month.3、that 從句位于句首時(shí)， that 不可省略。That he ever said such a thing I simply don t believe.4、if 和 Whether 的區(qū)別1）、由 連詞 if 、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示 “是否 ”的賓語從句。 Whether,if 在從句中不做

6、句子的成分，一般情況下， whether 和 if 可以替換。例： I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.2）、下面幾種情況只能用whether和不定式連 (whether to do sth.)用作賓語時(shí)不用if 引導(dǎo) .例： Whether to go there hasntbeen decided.They asked me whether to go shopping.賓語從句中有 or not 時(shí)不用 if 引導(dǎo) .例： I don t know whether the star will come or not.在介詞后面的賓語從

7、句中不用if 引導(dǎo)例： I m thinking ofwhether we should go fishing.賓語從句提前時(shí)：例： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.練習(xí)： 1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. We re worried about _ he is safe.3. I wonder _ he is well.4. I don t know _ or not he is well.5. I don t know _ to go.2、連接代詞和連接副詞連接代詞：what, who, whom, who

8、se, which, wh+ever連接副詞：when ,where ,how ,why因?yàn)檫B接代詞或副詞連接主句和從句，并在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分，具有一定的意義，不可省略。Do you know what he said just now?I don t rememberwhen we arrived.I asked him where I could get so much money.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.1. Wang Hai told me _ he didn't go hiking yesterday afterno

9、on（.how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）3. He always thinks _ he can do better（. how, who）4. They don't know _ we are going hiking. (when, what)25.I don't know _ so many people crowding round him. (how, why)6.Do you know _ shirt it is? (whose, who s)三、時(shí)

10、態(tài)1. 主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定I know that he lives here.I know that he lived here ten years ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2.如果主句是過去的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） ，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí) ,過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）I knew who lived here.I saw that she was talking with her mother.He said that his father h

11、ad gone to Beijing.3. 從句說明的是一般真理、客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。He told the boy that three and three is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun.1.The young man asked _ it's summer or winter.A. eitherB. thatC. weatherD. whether2.We don't know _ they did it.A. howB. whoC. whatD. which3.The teac

12、her asks us _ Jim can come back on time.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. what time4.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that5.Could you show me _ ?A. how can I get to the stationB. where is the stationC. how I could get to the stationD. how I can reac

13、h the station8. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is10. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing.A. will rain, won't goB. rained, wasn't goC. rains, won't goD. rain, will goPredicative Clauses表語從句This is his job. This is what he

14、 does every day.（）（）表語從句是在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句, 放在系動(dòng)詞之后。3一般結(jié)構(gòu)是 “主語 +系動(dòng)詞 +表語從句 ”。系動(dòng)詞有那些呢 ? 常見的系動(dòng)詞分為三種：A 表示特征和狀態(tài)：be, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear等B表示由一類狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)為另一類狀態(tài)：get, become, grow, turn, fall, go, come, run等C表示某種狀態(tài)的： remain, keep, prove, continue, stay等從句連接詞分為三類：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞一般不省略。連接詞 : that / whethe

15、r /as if /as though( if 不引導(dǎo)表語從句 )連接代詞 : who / whom / whose / which / what連接副詞 : when / where / why / how / because用橫線畫出表語從句： The question iswhether we can rely on him.That is because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.That is why I was late.過觀察，我們可以知道表語從句的語序也是用

16、陳述語序注意：1、that 引導(dǎo)的表語從句， that 僅起連接作用，無意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。這種從句往往是對主句主語的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。The fact is that he hasn t yet recover from illness.Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.* 名詞主語 +be+that 引起的表語從句表示事實(shí)，真理的名詞，如：fact, truth 表示看法，觀點(diǎn)、問題、麻煩的名詞，如：idea,opinion, belief, view, news, advice, feeling, sug

17、gestion, plan, trouble, question, problem等 The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.2. whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句，連接詞 whether 起連接作用， 意為“是否、究竟、到底”在句中也不作任何成分（注意： if 不能引導(dǎo)表語從句 )。The question is whether we can rely on him.What the doctor doubts is wheth

18、er my mother will recover from the disease soon. 3、連接代詞 what,which,who,whom,whose 除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中從當(dāng)主語、表語、定語，且各有各的詞義。Tom is no longer what he used to be.The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.The important thing is whose name should be put

19、on the top of the list. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.44. 連接副詞 where, when, why, how除在句中起連接作用外， 在從句中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語，本身具有詞義。That wheres I can t agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is whe

20、n I attended an American wedding.5. 其他連詞 as if, because, as, as though引導(dǎo)的表語從句because引導(dǎo)表語從句通常只用于“ This/That/It is because”結(jié)構(gòu)中。as if/though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于連系動(dòng)詞look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虛擬語氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.My anger is becauseyou haven t written

21、to me for a long time.1.That s _ the Party called on us to do.A. whyB. whatC. howD. that2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A. becauseB. whyC. thatD. Whether3.She looked_she were ten years younger.A.that B.likeC.asD.as though4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A. whatB.whi

22、chC. thatD.when5_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That； how you areC. How；that you areD. What；how you are6.The trouble is_we are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why that7.America was _was first called“ India ” by Columbus.A. whatB. whereC. the p

23、laceD. there where8.China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be9._he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What thatB. That whatC. What whatD. That what10. The energy is _ makes the c

24、ells able to do their work.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. such5綜合練習(xí)：1 I flew to New York for the talk show on TV last week Is that _you had a few days off?A whyB whenC whatD where2 I ask her _ come with meA if she willB if will sheC whether will sheD will she3 It was a matter of _ would take the positionA

25、 whoB whoeverC whomD whomever6 It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsA howeverB whateverC whicheverD whenever8 Go and get your coat It's_ you left itA thereB whereC there whereD where there9 I wonder how much _A does the watch costB did the watch costC the watch costedD the wa