閱讀重要詞匯詳細(xì)解析考試.

1、PASSAGE 8In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pic

2、tured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.觀點(diǎn)；見解theory My theory about divorce is that its not the split-up that damages children, its how it is handled.我對(duì)離婚的看法是，傷害孩子的不是婚姻的破裂，而是處理離婚的方式。從理論上說；照理說in theory 涉及；關(guān)于If something relates to a particular subject, it concerns t

3、hat subject. I had papers relating to the children which my wife and I had to sign.我有一些關(guān)于孩子的文件需要我和妻子簽字。敘述；講述If you relate a story, you tell it. She related her tale of living rough.她講述了自己艱苦謀生的故事。kinetic molecular分子運(yùn)動(dòng)observe（尤指為了解而）觀察，觀測(cè)particle微粒；極小量motion運(yùn)動(dòng)；移動(dòng)glance, glimpse, look, sight, glareglan

4、ce 指看一下或瞥一眼(有意識(shí)的)。His glance silenced the audience, and he began to speak.他環(huán)視了一下，聽眾都不說話了，他便開始講話。glimpse 一般指看一眼或一瞥(無意識(shí)的)。She caught a glimpse of her friend in the supermarket.她在超級(jí)市場(chǎng)里瞥見了她的朋友。glimpse 指“瞥見”, 是glance的結(jié)果?！皌ake a glance at .(看一看)的結(jié)果便是“get a glimpse of .”(瞥見了)look 一般用語(yǔ)，表示直接用眼睛看。Her intent l

5、ook showed how much she had missed her sister.她的專心的目光說明她是多么想念她的姐姐。sight 此詞與視力和視覺有關(guān)，意指察看或視野。She has lost sight of her dog.她看不見那條狗了。view 常指視野，視域景色和眼界。The tower commands a good view of the beautiful city.從這個(gè)塔上可以清楚地看到這座美麗城市的景色。Gaze , stare , glare這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“凝視”。gaze表示“目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看”，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思：She ga

6、zed at it for some time, then added. You dont need bookcases at all.她對(duì)地毯凝視了一會(huì)兒，然后補(bǔ)充說：“你根本不需要書柜”。gaze at 凝視stare特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.那位貴族對(duì)那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。glare表示“兇狠而且?guī)в型{性的瞪眼睛”Men in shirt sleeves stood outside their houses and gl

7、ared at us.只穿著襯衣的男人站在房子外面瞪著我們。（通常因難以看清而）盯著看，凝視，端詳If you peer at something, you look at it very hard, usually because it is difficult to see clearly. I had been peering at a computer print-out that made no sense at all.我一直盯著看一張毫無意義的計(jì)算機(jī)打印稿。想象；印象；心中的形象；If you have a picture of something in your mind, y

8、ou have a clear idea or memory of it in your mind as if you were actually seeing it. I tried to put the picture from my mind.我試圖將這幅畫面從腦海中抹去。想象；設(shè)想If you picture something in your mind, you think of it and have such a clear memory or idea of it that you seem to be able to see it. He pictured her with

9、long black braided hair. 他想象她留著黑油油的長(zhǎng)辮子的樣子。A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists predictions

10、, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.宣傳；宣揚(yáng)；推廣If you publicize a fact or event, you make it widely known to the public. .his highly public

11、ized trial this summer.今年夏天他的審訊被廣為報(bào)道證實(shí)，證明（情況屬實(shí)）If something confirms what you believe, suspect, or fear, it shows that it is definitely true. This confirms what I suspected all along.這證實(shí)了我一直以來的懷疑。改正，改變，修正（想法）ReviseHe soon came to revise his opinion of the profession.他很快就改變了對(duì)這個(gè)職業(yè)的看法。拒絕考慮；不接受；不同意If yo

12、u reject something such as a proposal, a request, or an offer, you do not accept it or you do not agree to it. The British government is expected to reject the idea.預(yù)計(jì)英國(guó)政府不會(huì)考慮這個(gè)想法。Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments facts by

13、 themselves are not science. As the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be called science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house.牽涉；涉及If a situation or activity involves someone, the

14、y are taking part in it. If there was a cover-up, it involved people at the very highest levels of government.如果有人想要隱瞞實(shí)情，那其中就涉及政府部門最高層的人物。使參與；使介入If you involve someone else in something, you get them to take part in it.Before (too) long he started involving me in the more confidential aspects of the

15、 job.不久，他便開始讓我介入工作中更機(jī)密的方面。數(shù)學(xué)家mathematician磚；磚料Bricks分析并翻譯：But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.not.more than句型，從no.more than句型而來這個(gè)句型的基本

16、意思是“同.一樣不.”，翻譯過來就是“.不能.，就如同(than從句)不能.一樣”翻譯：但是，他的首要任務(wù)并不是考慮支配自己行動(dòng)的道德規(guī)范，就如同不能指望商人專注于行業(yè)規(guī)范一樣。1. no more than 表示“僅僅”、“只有”(= only)，強(qiáng)調(diào)少；而 not more than 表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。如：He is no more than an ordinary English teacher. 他只不過是個(gè)普通的英文老師。He has no more than three children. 他只有 3 個(gè)孩子。He has not more than

17、three children. 他最多 3 個(gè)孩子(有或許還不到 3 個(gè)之意)。2. 用于比較兩件事物時(shí)，no more . than 表示對(duì)兩者都否定，意為“同一樣不”(neither . nor)；而 not more . than 指兩者雖都具有某種特征，但程度不同，意為“不如”、“不及”(= not so . as)。如：He is no more a writer than a painter. 他不是畫家，也不是作家(= He is neither a painter nor a writer)。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.

18、馬不是魚，鯨也不是魚(=Neither a horse nor a whale is a fish)。She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聰明(= She is not so clever as he is)。1. no less than 有兩個(gè)意思：(1)表示“多達(dá)”、“有之多”(2)(強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量之多)。如：We walked no less than three miles. 我們走了 3 英里之遠(yuǎn)。(2) 表示“簡(jiǎn)直”、“與沒差別”。如：It is no less than robbery to ask for so much. 要這么多，簡(jiǎn)直跟

19、搶劫?zèng)]兩樣。2. no less . than 意為“與一樣”、“不比差”(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者具有同等性)。如：He is no less wise than you. 他跟你一樣聰明(他并不比你笨)。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚與狗同樣都是聰明的動(dòng)物。比較：A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.馬不是魚，鯨也不是魚(即鯨不是魚就如同馬不是魚一樣)。3. not less than 意為“不下于”、“至少”。比較：He has no less than seven daughte

20、rs. 他有七個(gè)女兒之多。He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有七個(gè)女兒。Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagi

21、nation. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.調(diào)查；審查Investigate相當(dāng)多的；相當(dāng)大的Considerable假說；假設(shè) hypothesis 復(fù)數(shù)：hypotheses規(guī)劃；策劃；構(gòu)想If you formulate something such as a plan or proposal, you invent it, thinking about the details carefully. Little by li

22、ttle, he formulated his plan for escape.他一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地設(shè)計(jì)構(gòu)思出了逃跑的方案。In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientists thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further

23、 investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theories.縱身；跳；躍If you leap, you jump high in the air or jump a long distance. The man threw his arms out as he leapt.該男子張開雙臂，縱身一跳。驟變；激增；飛躍A leap is a large and important change, increase, or advance

24、. The result has been a giant leap in productivity.其結(jié)果是生產(chǎn)力的大幅提高。延伸；伸展If you say that something, usually something large, extends for a particular distance or extends from one place to another, you are indicating its size or position. Our personal space extends about 12 to 18 inches around us.我們的個(gè)人空間

25、是周圍12到18英寸的范圍。擴(kuò)充；擴(kuò)大；增加If something expands or is expanded, it becomes larger. We have to expand the size of the image.我們不得不放大圖像的尺寸。計(jì)算；運(yùn)算；計(jì)算結(jié)果Calculation包含；吸收incorporate選項(xiàng)分析改變（行為或觀點(diǎn)）以適應(yīng)；調(diào)節(jié)；習(xí)慣When you adjust to a new situation, you get used to it by changing your behavior or your ideas. I felt I had adjusted to the idea of being a mother very well.我感到自己已經(jīng)完全接受了當(dāng)媽媽的想法。擁護(hù)；支持；維護(hù)，堅(jiān)持（原判）Uphold評(píng)估；評(píng)價(jià)Evaluate結(jié)束；終止The close of a period of time or an activity is the end of it. T