初中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞講解

1、非謂語動(dòng)詞之“動(dòng)詞不定式”詳解非謂語動(dòng)詞就是不充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞，分兩種。一是動(dòng)詞不定式。二是動(dòng)詞ing 形式。一、動(dòng)詞不定式1） 作主語To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.說明 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，往往用it 作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+ 動(dòng)詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，可以用for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2）作表語（表語用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常

2、由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式、不定式、從句來充當(dāng)， 它常位于系動(dòng)詞 （ be, become, appear, seem,look, sound, feel, get, smell 等詞）之后。 ）e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3）作賓語或者賓語補(bǔ)足語e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4）作定語： e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5）作狀語：

3、e.g. He stopped to have a look. 說明 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not + to + 動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、動(dòng)詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞 who, what, which 和疑問副詞 when, where, how, why 等后面可以按動(dòng)詞不定式， 構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語。e.g. (1) He doesntknow how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is

4、when to go there.3、省去了to 的動(dòng)詞不定式1）let, have, make+do2）感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。注意： 在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance.=He was seen to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather ， had better

5、+ do4、動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型：1）too to +to do ： e.g. He is too excited to speak.2）enough to do ：e.g. The child is old enough to go to school.3）Why not +doe.g. Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do:表示目的e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.5、不定式的難點(diǎn)：1）用作介詞的“to”：比如說 look forward to ; pay attention to;

6、devote oneself tobe/get used to，后面都是 +doing 的！2）It's for sb. 和 It's of sb.的區(qū)別1二、動(dòng)詞ing 形式：動(dòng)詞 ing 形式分為兩種，一是動(dòng)名詞，二是現(xiàn)在分詞1動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式用作動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語形式，由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing 構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語、狀語和定語。1）動(dòng)名詞作主語：e.g. Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)2）動(dòng)名詞作表語e.g. My favorite sport is swimming.

7、我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是游泳。3）動(dòng)名詞作賓語：e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。e.g. She can t help crying at a sad movie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。 說明 有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語只能接動(dòng)名詞。like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,。6）動(dòng)名詞作定語：動(dòng)名詞可以單獨(dú)作定語，就像形容詞一樣。e.g.a smiling face 笑臉swimming pool游泳池dining-car 餐車2動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing 分詞通常用作賓語補(bǔ)足

8、語，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或者正在進(jìn)行。這種用法通常用在下列動(dòng)詞中： see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe） There we found him watching TV.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2）I heard someone knocking at the door.我聽見有人在敲門。3動(dòng)詞 ing 形式和動(dòng)名詞之間的比較：下面這些動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意思都是一樣的：begin to dobegin doingcontinue to docontinue doingstart to

9、 dostart doing下面這些動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意思是不一樣的：stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingbe afraid to dobe afraid doing【專練】1.Don't forget _ the letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. being sent2.The chair looks very old, but in fact it

10、is very comfortable to _.A. sitB. sit onC. be satD. be sat on3.Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which4.I'm afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokesD. smoke5.Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to b

11、oil26. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking8. He _ two million yuan _a vase at the auction.A. spent, buyB. cost, buyingC. paid, buyD. spent, buyi

12、ng9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him10. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing11. _ is one thing, _ is quite another.A. To say, to doB. Say, doC. Said, didD. To say, do12. I ll try _

13、 the same mistakes again.A. to not makeB. not makeC. not to makeD. not making13. It s too hard _ it by himself.A. not to doB. to doC. that I doD. doing14. It s time for sports. Let s _bowling, shall we?A. goB.to goC. goingD. goes15. . MrZhou, you d better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight,

14、A. not to eatB.to eatC. not eatD. eat1If you keep _(fight) with him, you may hurt yourself.2The students are busy _(prepare) for the coming exam.3His duty is _(save) the sick people.4I have nothing _ (send) you.5They were made _ (work) ten hours a day.6No one knows what _ (do) next.【提高題】I. 選擇題。1.The

15、 doctor came_ our eyes.A. to examineB. for examiningC. as to examineD. examining2.Our teacher always makes us _ hard.A. to workB. workC. workingD. worked3._ our classroom once a week is necessary.A. CleaningB. CleanCleanedD. To clean4._ is our duty _ good service to customersA. That, to giveB. This,

16、 givingC. It, to giveD. It, giving5.It took years_ the highrise.A. for our buildingB. for us in buildingC. to buildD. building6.Their wish is _ a house of their own.A. to haveB. for havingC. haveD. of having7.The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home.A. to let, takeB. to let, to takeC. letting,

17、takeD. let, take said the doctor.38. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lendingB. lentC. to lendD. in lending9. I don't like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talkingB. to hear, talkingC. to hear, to talkD. hearing, talked10. I haven't decided _A. to take whi

18、ch trainB. which to take a trainC. which train to takeD. which train taken11. You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there.A. givingB. to giveC. gaveD. give12. Professor Brown taught his students_ English, and he learned _Chinese from them.A. how to speak, speakingB. how to speak, to

19、speakC. how speaking, speakingD. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldn't be held tonight. That's all right. Mary has told me about it.A. tellingB. I toldC. toldD. to tell14. I wonder_ him or not.A. if inviteB. whether to inviteC to inviteD. if to invite15. I hope_

20、 yourself.A. you to manageB. for you to manageC. you managingD. that you can manage16. Would you like _you the way there? It's kind of you. Thank you.A. me showingB. that I showC. me showD.me to show17. The old man said that he'd prefer_alone in the country rather than live with his son in t

21、he city.A. livingB. to liveC. that he livesD. for him to live18.I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow19.Since nobody told her_, she came to our help.A. what she didB. to do whatC. what to doD. what she to do20. My aunt showed me _.A. how t

22、o make a dressB. how a dress be madeC. how making a dressD. how a dress made21.After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to doB. finding, to doC. to find, she didD. finding, done22.The policeman told Smith _after drinking.A. to not driveB. not drivingC

23、. not driveD. not to drive23.Tom kept quiet about his mistake_ lose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to24.Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening.A. to takeB. takingC. that he would takeD. for him to take25.We enjoy _very much, because it is good for

24、 our health.A. runB. runningC. to runD. ran426. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot _.A. turn it offB. to turn it offC. that I turned it offD. that I should turn it off27. They were very tired and stopped_ under a big tree.A. restingB. to restC.restD. that they would rest28. Would you

25、mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell meB. tellingC. to tellD. if telling29.He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to getB. that he got meC. me gettingD. me that he got30.Father told the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gaveB. to giveC. givingD. gave.31._that

26、 money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their day's work.A. For gettingB. GetC. So as to getD. In order to get32.I think you are_ meals yourself.A. enough old to cookB. old enough to cookC. old enough for cookingD. enough old cooking33.The maths problem is_ difficult_.A. so,

27、 as to work outB. very , to work outC. too, to work outD. quite, worked out34.Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didn't hear him in.A. comingB. cameC. to comeD. come35.Have you anything important_ us?A. to tellB. tellingC. told usD. you tell36. Do you know about Captain Ed Mitc

28、hell? 202 Yes. He was the sixth man _on the moon.A. walkingB. walkedC. to walkD. of walking37.It is nice_her_so.A. for, to sayB. for, sayingC. of, to sayD. of, said38.Isn't it a nice way_the hard problem?A. to solveB. in solvingC. solveD. solving39.You'd better_ her about her own health now.

29、A. not to tellB. not tellC. to not tellD. to tell not40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happened_ the doctor I was looking for.A. he wasB. beingC. to beD. to beingII. 填空題。1.Factories do not let out dirty water_ ( 為了不污染河流 ).2.Her job is _. ( 照顧醫(yī)院里患病的孩子 )3. In the supermarket the college students learn

30、ed_. ( 如何為顧客服務(wù) )4. There were so many toys that Judy didn't know_. ( 挑選哪一個(gè) ).5.The only trouble is_. ( 如何保護(hù)這些電腦 )6.He will save money _.( 為了支付將來的大學(xué)費(fèi)用 )7.The nurse_ . ( 不允許孩子們玩火柴 )58.This medicine will_.( 幫你入睡 )9.They will be sent_( 到非洲當(dāng)醫(yī)療隊(duì)員 ).10.The boy asked his teacher_.( 讓他自己修理冰箱)11.The quest

31、ion is_. ( 是否讓孩子們自己解決這個(gè)問題).12.This telephone is_. ( 足夠小可以放進(jìn)口袋 )13.This book will tell you _. ( 如何使這臺(tái)電腦儲(chǔ)存信息)14. I _. （沒有回答試卷上的最后一個(gè)問題）15. It is not easy _. ( 一個(gè)人戒煙 )16. You can take a taxi there_ _. ( 而不是步行去 )17.The underground train is _. ( 足夠快可在 20 分鐘內(nèi)從我們學(xué)校行駛到體育場 ).18.The lecture hall is_. （太小容納不下50

32、0 個(gè)學(xué)生）19. Julia hurried to school_. ( 沒有吃早餐 ).20. I told the students_. （不要將罐頭和飲料瓶扔進(jìn)河里）21. Thomas _. ( 有許多問題要問老師 )22. Do you know the saying “ _.” （活到老學(xué)到老）23. Jack saw _. (牛跑回來 )24.Athens ran all the way_( 把好消息告訴他的人民).25.He was the first man _. ( 騎騎自行車做環(huán)球旅行)26. They enjoy_. ( 爬山和野營 )27. As soon as t

33、he teacher entered, he asked_( 我們停止講話 ).28._ ( 在一個(gè)半小時(shí)內(nèi)做完這份試卷) is almost impossible.29.We were happy_. ( 看到他們回到營地 )30.Would you mind _. ？ (我在你辦公室打電話 )6答案：I.1. A2. B3. D4. C5. C6. A7. A8. C9. B10. C11. B12. B13. D14. B15. D16. D 17. B 18. A19. C20. A21.A 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.B 26.B 27.B28. B29. A30.B31. D32. B33. C34. D35. A36. C37. C38. A39. B40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital3. how to serve customers4.