CCNP實驗匯總

1、實驗要求1 用靜態(tài)路由實現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡從 R2 發(fā)出到達(dá)11.1.1.0/24 網(wǎng)段的流量經(jīng)過S0/0 和 S0/1 接口負(fù)載均衡。實驗步驟按實驗拓?fù)浯罱ňW(wǎng)絡(luò)，配置各臺路由器的IP 地址，并且使用ping 命令確認(rèn)各路由器之間直連鏈路的互通性。R3 配置：R3(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.1R1 配置：R1(config)#ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3R2 配置：R2分別配置兩條靜態(tài)路由，下一跳分別是R2(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.

2、0 12.1.1.1R2(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3R2(config)#no ip cef驗證結(jié)果：在 R2 上查看路由表：Router#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/122.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC22.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopb

3、ack011.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsS11.1.1.0 1/0 via 23.1.1.31/0 via 12.1.1.112.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0在 R2上 ping 11.1.1.1!同時 在 R1 上觀察調(diào)試信息R1#debug ip icmpICMP packet debugging is on*Mar 1 01:49:41.127: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1

4、01:49:41.155: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1 01:49:41.175: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1 01:49:41.183: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1*Mar 1 01:49:41.199: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1首先保證R3到 11.1.1.0網(wǎng)段以及R1到 23.1.1.0網(wǎng)段的可用性R1和 R3由于CEF快速交換方式會影響實驗結(jié)果，因此必須關(guān)閉R2到達(dá) 11.1.1.0網(wǎng)

5、段的兩條等價靜態(tài)路由，負(fù)載均衡dst 12.1.1.2dst 23.1.1.2dst 12.1.1.2dst 23.1.1.2dst 12.1.1.22 用靜態(tài)路由實現(xiàn)負(fù)載均衡2實驗要求從 R1 ping R4的4.4.4.4，要求ICMP 數(shù)據(jù)包去和回來走的路徑不同，即實現(xiàn)了負(fù)載均衡。實驗步驟基礎(chǔ)配置省略，子網(wǎng)掩碼都是/24R1(config)#ip route 4.4.4.4255.255.255.0192.168.1.2利用默認(rèn)路由設(shè)置R3到 R1的回包路徑R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.2.1R3(config)#ip route 0

6、.0.0.00.0.0.0192.168.3.1驗證結(jié)果：用擴(kuò)展pingR1#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address: 4.4.4.4Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address or interface: 1.1.1.1Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no:Validate reply data? no:Data pattern 0xABCD:Loose, Strict, Re

7、cord, Timestamp, Verbosenone: rPT中不支持這個參數(shù)Number of hops 9 :Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n:Record route:(192.168.1.1)去(4.4.4.4)目的地(192.168.3.2)回的路徑(192.168.2.2)回的路徑(1.1.1.1) <*>源3 RIPv1 負(fù)載均衡實驗要求RIP 的負(fù)載均衡由跳數(shù)決定，如果跳數(shù)相同則起負(fù)載均衡，這里我們從R1 的 Loop0 口 ping R3的 S0/1 口，因為有

8、2 條到 R3 的 S0/1 口為 2 跳的路徑，所以可以起負(fù)載均衡。實驗步驟1. 路由器基礎(chǔ)配置(省略)2. 宣告 RIPR1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0R1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0R2(config-router)#n

9、etwork 192.168.3.0R2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config)#router ripR3(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0R3(config-router)#no auto-summary查看 R1 上的路由表R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 s

10、ubnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/0C192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26

11、, Serial0/0120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/0我們已經(jīng)看到到192.168.3.0 去的路由已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了負(fù)載均衡的現(xiàn)象，他們的跳數(shù)是相同的。用擴(kuò)展 ping 進(jìn)一步驗證，這里省略。4 RIPv2匯總實驗實驗?zāi)康腞IP 的第二代協(xié)議，它與 RIP 的主要區(qū)別在于一個是RIP 發(fā)包走的是廣播，RIPv2 發(fā)包走的是組播，另外一個就是RIPv2 支持變長VLSM 可擴(kuò)展的子網(wǎng)掩碼，支持手動匯總，通過實驗觀察RIPv2 如何支持VLSM 以及自動匯總與手動匯總的區(qū)別。實驗拓?fù)鋵嶒灢襟E1. 路由器基礎(chǔ)配置(省略)2. 宣告 RIPR1

12、(config )#router ripR1(config-route)#version 2R1(config-route)#network 1.0.0.0R1(config-route)#network 10.0.0.0R1(config-route)#network 192.168.2.0R1(config-route)#network 192.168.10.0R2(config )#router ripR2(config-route)#version 2R2(config-route)#network 192.168.2.0R2(config-route)#network 192.168

13、.3.0R3(config )#router ripR3(config-route)#version 2R3(config-route)#network 3.0.0.0R3(config-route)#network 192.168.3.0R3(config-route)#network 192.168.10.0查看路由表R1#show ip route1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:02,

14、Ethernet0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnetsC10.1.3.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback4C10.1.2.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback3C10.1.1.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback2C10.1.5.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback6C10.1.4.0 isdirectly connected,Loopback5C 192.

15、168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial0R2#show ip routeR1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1R3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:29, Serial0R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1R 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192

16、.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R3#show ip route1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet03.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connec

17、ted, Ethernet0R 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0R 192.168.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1因為RIPV2 匯總默認(rèn)是啟動的，所以我們在這里看到，在R2上還是匯總以后的路由表。R1 上去掉自動路由匯總，然后觀察路由表R1 (config)#router ripR1 (config-route)#no auto-summaryR1#show ip

18、 route1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:02, Ethernet0C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet010.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnetsC10.1.3.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback4C10.1.2.0 is directlyconnected, Loopb

19、ack3C10.1.1.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback2C10.1.5.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback6C10.1.4.0 is directlyconnected, Loopback5C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial0R2#show ip route1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksR

20、1.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1R 1.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial010.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masksR10.1.3.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00

21、:00:01, Serial1R10.1.2.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1R10.1.1.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1R 10.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:02, Serial0R10.1.5.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1R10.1.4.0/24 120/1via192.168.2.1,00:00:02, Serial1C192.168.2.0/24 is directly conn

22、ected, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R3#show ip route 省略，沒有發(fā)生變化觀察 R2 上的路由表變化，當(dāng)我們?nèi)サ鬜1 上的自動匯總以后，R1 傳給 R2 的路由將不再是匯總的。R1 上設(shè)置手動匯總，觀察手動匯總的結(jié)果手動匯總的命令：R1(config-if)#int s0R1(config-if)#ip summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0觀察 R2的路由表：R2#show ip route1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted,

23、 2 subnets, 2 masksR 1.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 1.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial110.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksR 10.0.0.0/8 1

24、20/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0R 10.1.0.0/16 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1C192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1C192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0再次觀察R2 上的路由表與手動匯總之前的不同，顯然手動匯總已經(jīng)起了作用。實驗?zāi)康? RIP單播和被動接口根據(jù)實驗的內(nèi)容我們可以掌握，被動接口在RIP 中的作用，什么是被動接口，以及起了被動接口有什么好處，單播與被動接口有什么關(guān)系，

25、二者如何配合使用。另外，實驗拓?fù)鋵嶒灢襟E1. 路由器基礎(chǔ)配置(省略)(實驗中e0口用f口代替，R1為 S1口，R2為 S0口)2. 宣告 RIPR1(config )#router ripR1(config-router )#network 199.99.1.0R1(config-router )#network 199.99.2.0R2(config )#router ripR2(config-router )# network 198.98.97.0R2(config-router )# network 198.98.98.0R2(config-router )# network 199.

26、99.2.0R2(config-router )# network 199.99.3.03查看兩臺路由器的路由表，看路由表象是否已經(jīng)全。R1#sh ip routeR 199.99.3.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1C199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1C199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0R198.98.97.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1R198.98.98.0/24

27、120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1R2#sh ip routeC199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0C199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R 199.99.1.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:11, Serial0C198.98.97.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1C198.98.98.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback04查看兩

28、臺路由器的數(shù)據(jù)庫，其實數(shù)據(jù)庫才應(yīng)該是我們真正關(guān)心的東西，能夠進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)庫就一定可以進(jìn)入路由表。r1#sh ip rip da198.98.97.0/24 auto-summary198.98.97.0/241 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1198.98.98.0/24 auto-summary198.98.98.0/241 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1199.99.1.0/24199.99.1.0/24199.99.2.0/24199.99.2.0/24199.99.3.0/24199.99.3.0/24auto-summ

29、arydirectly connected, Ethernet0 auto-summarydirectly connected, Serial1auto-summaryr2#sh ip rip da 198.98.97.0/24 198.98.97.0/24 198.98.98.0/24 198.98.98.0/24 199.99.1.0/24 199.99.1.0/241 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1auto-summarydirectly connected, Loopback1 auto-summarydirectly connected, Loop

30、back0 auto-summary1 via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:07, Serial0199.99.2.0/24 auto-summary199.99.2.0/24199.99.3.0/24199.99.3.0/245查看R1 中的r1#directly connected, Serial0 auto-summarydirectly connected, Ethernet0debug 信息，看RIP 發(fā)包的情況。00:57:40: RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 199.99.3.1 on Ethernet000:57:40:

31、RIP: received v1 update from 199.99.2.2 on Serial100:57:40:198.98.97.0 in 1 hops00:57:40:198.98.98.0 in 1 hops00:57:40:199.99.3.0 in 1 hopsr1#00:57:49: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (199.99.1.1)00:57:49: RIP: build update entries00:57:49:network 198.98.97.0 metric 200:57:49

32、:network 198.98.98.0 metric 200:57:49: netw .99.2.0 me ork 199 tric 100:57:49: network 199.99.3.0 metric 200:57:49: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (199.99.2.1)00:57:49: RIP: build update entries00:57:49: network 199.99.1.0 metric 1我們發(fā)現(xiàn)R1 把收到的所有的包，以廣播的形式向自己直連的接口進(jìn)行擴(kuò)散，達(dá)到路由學(xué)習(xí)的目的，如

33、果我們不允許R1 的這種擴(kuò)散，我們需要通過被動接口來實現(xiàn)。6被動接口與debug 信息r1(config)#router ripr1(config-router)#passive-interface default / 配置所有的接口為被動，所謂被動就是只收不發(fā)。這時候看debug 得出：00:57:40: RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 199.99.3.1 on Ethernet000:57:40: RIP: received v1 update from 199.99.2.2 on Serial1它只是收到數(shù)據(jù)包，而不發(fā)包，這個時候，我們重新計算R1 與 R2 的路由表