ing分詞的用法

1、ing 分詞的用法專題四： 1、-ing分詞的構成 -ing 分詞是由動詞原形加詞尾 -ing構 成。-ing 分詞同樣有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化， 通常有下表幾種形式 (以 do 為例)： 一般式 完成式 主動形式 doing 主動形式 having done 被 動形式 being done 被動形式 having been done -ing 分詞的否定形式 是由 not 加-ing 分詞構成。如： not knowing his address, i could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等 著。 his not c

2、oming made all of us angry. 他沒來使我們大家都很生氣。 2. -ing 分詞的一般式和完成式： -ing 分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所 表示的動作同時進行的動作； 完成式表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之 前發(fā)生的動作。如： being a student, he was interested in books. 作為 一個學生，他對書本很感興趣。 not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因為沒有努力學習功課， 他考試不及格。 3. -ing 分詞的被動式： -ing 分詞

3、的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是 -ing 分詞 動作的承受者。根據(jù) -ing 分詞動作發(fā)生的時間， -ing 分詞的被動式有 一般被動式 (being done)和完成被動式 (having been done)。如： the question being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老師批評 以后，他把煙戒了。 注意：在 need, want, require, be worth 等動詞 （短 語 ）后，作賓語的 -ing

4、分詞常用主動形式來表示被動含義。如： your shoes need cleaning. = your shoes need to be cleaned.你 的鞋需要清洗 一下了。 this book is well worth reading. 這本書很值得一看。 4. -ing 分詞的語法作用 -ing 分詞一方面具有動詞的性質，另一方面也相當 于一個名詞或形容詞、 副詞，在句中可以作主語、 表語、賓語、定語、 狀語和補語等。 1） ing 分詞（短語）作主語： laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。 sa

5、ying is easier than doing. 說比做容易。 在下面兩種結構中， -ing 分詞也作主語。 為 了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主語，而把真實主語放在句末。如： it is no use crying over spilt milk. 作無益的后悔是沒有用的。 it's a waste of time arguing about it. 辯論這事是浪費時間。 在 there is no 結構中，通常用-ing分詞。如： there is no joking about such matters. 這 種事開不得玩笑。 there is no holding back

6、the wheel of history. 歷史 車輪不可阻擋。 2） -ing分詞（短語）作表語：共 6頁，當前第 1 頁 123456his hobby is collecting stamps. 他的愛好是收集郵票。 the problem is quite puzzling. 這個問題很令人困惑。 3） -ing 分詞作賓語： ing 分詞作動詞賓語。如： i suggest doing it in a different way. 我 建議用另一種方法做這件事。 we enjoy attending miss li''s class. 我們 喜歡聽李老師的課。 -in

7、g 分詞作賓語也可用在復合賓語中作真正 的賓語，而用 it 作形式賓語。如： i don't think it possible living in such a cold place. 我認為住在這么寒冷的地方是不可能的。 do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一次會有好處嗎？ -ing 分詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。如： i'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反對邀請他來吃飯。 they don't feel like walking that much. 他們不喜

8、歡走那么多路。 此類短語還有很多。 如： look forward to（ 渴望，盼望）, be proud o（f 以自豪）, be responsible for（對負責） , insist on（堅持） , think of （考慮，想到） , dream of（夢想） , object to（反對，抗議） , hear of（聽說） , prevent from （防止，阻止） , keepfrom （防止，阻止） , stopfrom（防止，阻 止） , be engaged in（從事于） , depend on（依靠，依賴） , thank for （因而道謝） , excuse

9、 for（因而道歉） , aim at（目的在于） , devoteto（獻身于）, set about（著手做） , be/get used to（習慣于） , be fond of （喜歡） , be afraid of （害怕） , be tired of （對厭煩） , succeed in（成功地做） , be interested in（對感興趣） , be ashamed of(對感到羞愧)等等。 注意：在有些句子中，介詞 ?？墒∪?。如： i have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners. 我在和外國人交談方面沒有什么

10、困難。 he used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 過去他?；ê芏鄷r間玩游戲。 what can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我們結婚？ 另外， -ing 分詞可 以和一些介詞如 in, on, after, against, before, by, for, without, besides等 構成短語，在句中作狀語。如： he left ahead of time without saying a word. 他一句話也沒說就提前離開了。 besides cooking and

11、sewing, she had to take care of four children. 除了做飯和縫紉以外，她還要照 顧四個孩子。 on hearing the news, all the pupils jumped with joy. 聽到 這個消息后，所有的學生都高興得跳了起來。 4) -ing 分詞作定語： 單個的分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞的前面。 如： reading room 閱 覽室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐車 sleeping car 臥車 singing competition 歌詠比賽 waiting room 候車室 -ing 分詞

12、短語 作定語應放在被修飾詞的后面， 也相當于一個定語從句。 如： who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在門邊的同志是誰？ they lived in a house facing south. 他們住在一所朝南的房子里。 ing 分詞還 可以作非限制性定語， 相當于一個非限制性定語從句， 常用逗號和句 子其它部分分開。如: the words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself. 歌詞一般講當前的工作， 大部分是他自己寫 的。 when she ap

13、peared, john, wearing a dirty and worn -out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 當她出現(xiàn)的時候，約翰穿著一件又臟又破的大衣 高興地跑了過去。 5) -ing分詞做狀語： 共6頁，當前第 2頁123456-ing 分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情 況等。 -ing 分詞短語作時間狀語，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有 時可由連詞 when, while 引出。如： while reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。 see

14、ing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫，他想起了她的 童年。 -ing 分詞短語作原因狀語， 相當于一個原因狀語從句。 如： not knowing his address, i can' t send this book to him. 因為不知道他 的地址，我不能把這本書送給他。 many of us, being so excited, couldn' t go to sleep that night. 因為非常激動， 那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。 ing 分詞短語作結果狀語。如： his father

15、died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了， 留給他許多錢。 she was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生氣， 把玩具扔在 地上，把它摔成了碎片。 -ing 分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如： they stood there for half an hour ， watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了 半小時，觀察著天上的星星。 following

16、 the old man, the young people started walking slowly. 年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。 -ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語， 相當于一個狀語從句。 如： knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情 況，他們還是要我賠償損失。 注： -ing 分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主 語就是整個句子的主語。 “ with/without+ 名詞普通格或代詞賓格 +-ing 分詞”結構在句中作狀語， 表示伴隨情況或時間、 原因等。如： his hair became gr

17、ey with the years passing. 隨著時間的推移，他的頭 發(fā)變花白了。 without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意， 他從窗戶溜了出去。 例： the storm left, a lot ofdamage to this area. a. caused b. to have caused c. to caused d. having caused -“- you can't catch me!” janet shouted, away. a. runb. running c. to run

18、 d. ran it's necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help. a. to have hadb. having had c. have d. having from other continents formillions of years, australia has many plants and animals not found in anyother country in the world. a. being separated b. ha

19、ving separated c. having been separated d. to be separated daddy didn' t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun. a. had b. have c.to have d. having oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, a record $57.65 a barrel on april 4. a. have reached b.reaching

20、c. to reach d. to be reaching it was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sportsstars. a. had b. having c. to have d. have more about universitycourse, call (920)7463789. a. to find out b. finding out c. find out d. having found out 簡析： 1.d.結果狀語，時間有明顯先

21、后之分； 2.b.伴 隨狀語； 3.d.條件狀語，有明顯時間先后之分； 4.c.原因狀語，時間有 明顯先后之分； 5.d.伴隨狀語； 6.b.結果狀語。 7.c.作目的狀語； 8.a. 作目的狀語； 6) -ing分詞作補語：共 6頁，當前第 3頁123456-ing 分詞可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, set, catch, find等動詞后面和一個名詞或代詞構 成一個復合賓語， 作賓語補語。如： i noticed a man running o

22、ut of the bank when i got off the car. 我下車的時候注意到一個男人匆匆忙忙地 從銀行里跑出來。 last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop. 昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一個小孩在偷東西。 上面這類句子也可變成被動語態(tài)，這時， -ing 分詞可看成是主語補 語。如： we were kept waiting for quite a long time. 讓我們等了好長 時間。 lily was never heard singing that song again

23、.人 們再也沒有聽到 吉麗唱這首歌了。 5. -ing分詞的復合結構： -ing分詞的復合結構通常 由物主代詞、人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或者名詞的普通格 +-ing 分 詞構成，在句子開頭時必須用物主代詞和名詞所有格， 通常在句中作 主語和賓語。如： his coming made us very happy.他 的到來使我們大 家都很高。 he was awakened by someone's knocking at the door. 他 被某人的敲門聲吵醒了。 6. ing 分詞作主語和表語時與不定式的 區(qū)別： 1）、-ing 分詞和動詞不定式作主語和表語的主要區(qū)別在于：在 表

24、示比較抽象的一般的多次性行為時多用 -ing 分詞； 在表示具體的或 一次性的動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。如： smoking is forbidden here. （泛指吸煙） 這里禁止吸煙。 it 's not good for you to smoke so much. （指你吸煙）吸這么多煙對你的身體不好。 2）. 高 中階段能接 -ing 分詞作賓語的常見動詞： mind （介意） , suggest（建 議）, enjoy（欣賞，）, admit（承認） , appreciate（感激，欣賞） , avoid （避免）, delay（推遲）, dislike（不喜

25、歡， 厭惡）, escape（逃脫）, finish（完成） , forgive（寬?。?, imagine（想象） , keep（保持） , miss（錯 過）, practise（訓練） , resist（抵抗，抵制） , risk（冒險） , deny（拒 絕，否認）, consider（考慮）等。 例：he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn ' t risk the good opportunity. a. to lose b.losing c. to be lost d. being lost 答案

26、b.后 risk 后接動名詞， he 與 lose 是主謂關系。 3） . 有些動詞既能接不定式，又能接 -ing 分詞，含義 有所不同。如： forget, remember, regret 等詞后面接不定式表示不 定式動作后于謂語動作，而后接 -ing 分詞作賓語表示分詞動作先于謂 語動作。如： do you remember seeing me before? 你記得以前見過我 嗎？ remember to lock the door when you leave. 離開時要記得鎖門。 動詞 mean, stop, try, go on 等動詞后面接分詞和接不定式作賓語， 意思也有所不同

27、。如： i try not to think about that. 我盡量不去想那 件事。 would you please try doing that again? 請你再試一次好嗎？ i mean to change it for another one. 我想換成另外一個。 missing the train means waiting for another hour. 誤了這班車就意味著再等一個 小時。 having finished the exercises, we went on to learn the new words in the next unit. 做完練習以后

28、， 我們繼續(xù)學習下一單元的單詞。 after a short rest, they went on working. 短暫地休息以后，他們又繼續(xù)工作。例： when asked by the police, he said that he remembered at theparty, but not . a. to arrive, leaving b. to arrive, to leave c.arriving, leaving d. arriving, to leave 答案 c.記得來過晚會，用 arriving, 但是后的動作仍然記得， 用 leaving. 動詞 allow, ad

29、vise, forbid, permit 等可直接跟 -ing 分詞作賓語，不可以接動詞不定式作賓語，但可接不 定式作賓語補語。 如： please permit me to say a few words. 請允許我 說幾句話。 we don 't permit smoking here. 我們這兒不允許吸煙。 動詞 need, require, want 作“需要”解時，后面接 -ing 分詞或不定式 的被動式。如： the room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 這個房間需 要打掃。 these little children require loo

30、king after carefully/to be looked after carefully. 這些小孩需要細心地照料。 動詞 like, hate, prefer 等 后面，如表示一般性動作，多用 -ing 分詞；如指特定的具體的某次動 作，多用不定式。如： i like swimming, but i don't like to swim with you. 我喜歡游泳，但我不喜歡和你一起游泳。 i prefer walking to school every day. 我情愿每天步行去學校。 i prefer to stay at home today. 今 天我情愿呆在家

31、里。 動詞 begin, start 后面，如表示有意識地開始 做某事，常用-ing分詞，否則用不定式更多一些。 如： we began to do that job last year. 我們去年開始做那工作的。 they started talking about the film at once. 他們立刻開始談論那部電影。 注：下面幾種 情況多用不定式作賓語： a. 當 start, begin 本身用于進行時態(tài)時。 when the teacher came into the room, he was starting to write to his parents. 老師走進教室的

32、時候，他正開始寫信給他的父母親。 b. 當 start, begin 后接表示心理活動的動詞時。 hearing the news, he started to think of a good way to solve the problem. 一聽到消息，他就開始考 慮一個好辦法來解決這個問題。 c. 當句子的主語是無生命的東西時。 we were about to leave when it began to rain. 我們正準備離開， 天開始 下雨了。 7. -ing分詞作表語的兩種不同含義： 共 6頁，當前第 4頁 123456-ing 分詞作表語可以表示主語的內容是什么。如： th

33、eir job is building houses. 他們的工作是蓋房子。 the real question is getting to know the needs of the people. 真正的問題是了解人民的需要。 -ing 分詞作表語還可以表示主語所具有的特征。如： this story is very interesting. 這故事很有趣。 the problem is quite puzzling. 這個問題很 令人困惑。 ing 分詞作定語可用來說明被修飾的名詞的用途和性 能。如： reading material 閱讀材料 walking stick 手杖 fish

34、ing pole 魚 桿 flying suit 飛行服 writing table 寫字臺 listening practice 聽力訓 練 -ing 分詞作定語還可以表示所修飾的人或物的動作或狀態(tài)，在 意思上接近一個定語從句， 可以表示正在進行的動作， 也可表示經(jīng)常 性動作或當時的狀態(tài)。如： developing countries = countries that are developing 發(fā)展中國家 a growing city = a city that is growing 發(fā)展著 的城市 8. 不定式和 -ing 分詞作賓語補語的區(qū)別： 在 see, hear, feel,

35、watch, notice 等感官動詞后，既可用 -ing 分詞構成復合賓語，也可用 不定式構成復合賓語，兩者之間有一定的區(qū)別。用 -ing 分詞時，表示 動作正在進行；用不定式時，表示動作發(fā)生了，即動作的全過程結束 了。如： do you hear someone knocking at the door? （someone is knocking at the door.） 有人在敲門你聽見了嗎 ？ do you hear someone knock at the door? （someone knocked at the door just now.） 你聽見有人敲門了嗎？ 9. 高中階

36、段常見的帶介詞 to 的短語，后接 -ing 分詞或名詞。 如： admit to（承認）, contribute to（捐助、 貢獻）, get down to（著手做） , give way to（讓位于），keep to （堅持、遵守）, lead to （導致） ,look forward to（期待）, take to（從事） , turn to （求 助于）, stick to（忠于、堅持） , point to （指向、表明） , see to （注 意、處理） , be used to （習慣于） , devote oneself to （獻身于） , be equal to

37、（勝任的、等于） , be familiar to （為熟悉） . 高中階段 有一些固定的 -ing 分詞短語，如 generally speakin（g 一般來說）, judgingfrom （根據(jù)來判斷） , considering（考慮到） , talking of （談到，提到） , supposing（假如）等，它們的邏輯 主語和句子的主語不一致。 這種短語可以被稱之為句子的狀語， 也可 當作一個插入語。如： judging from his accent, he must come from canada. 從他的口音看他一定來自加拿大。 considering how poor

38、he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. 考慮到他是多么 的窮，我們決定讓他免費聽音樂會。 exercises:1. the officers narrowly escaped in the hot battle. a. have killed b. to kill c. to bekilled d. being killed 2. the letter, he went out to post it. a.writing b. being writing c. having written d. written 3.

39、 don't you remember ? a. seeing the man before b. to see the manbefore c. saw the man before d. to have seen the man before 4. people couldn't help the foolish emperor in the procession. a.laugh at b. to laugh at c. laughing at d. laughing on 5. we're looking forward the photo exhibition

40、. a. to visiting b. to visit c. tohaving visited d. visiting 6. the girl under that tree is mysister. a. sitting b. sits c. is sitting d. sat 7. this sentence needs . a. a improvement b. improve c. improving d. improved 8. anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. a.not known b. known n

41、ot c. knowing not d. not knowing 9. the nextmorning she found the man in bed, dead. a. lying b. lie c.lay d. laying 10. there was terrible noise the sudden burstof light. a. followed b. following c. to be followed d. being followed 11.the secretary worked late into the night, a long speech forthe pr

42、esident. a. to prepare b. preparing c. prepared d. was preparing 12."can't you read?" mary said to the notice. a. angrilypointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. and angrily pointing 13.how about two of us a walk down the garden? a. to take b.take c. taking d. to be taking 1

43、4. -i must apologize forahead of time. -that's all right. a. letting you not know b.not letting you know c. letting you know not d. letting not you know 15.-you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.- -well, nowi regret that. a. to do b. to be doing c. to have done d.having done 1

44、6. would you me your identification card, sir?a. mind to show b. mind showing c. trouble to show d. trouble showing17. he suggested on saturday. a. to have a meeting b.having a meeting c. a meeting to have d. that having a meeting 18. it is no good to come now. he is busy. a. if you ask him b. to as

45、khim c. asking him d. that you ask him 19. although punctual himself, the professor was quite used late for his lecture. a. to havestudents b. for students to be c. for students' being d. to students' being 20. he dressed himself quickly and his schoolbag, went toschool. a. carried b. to car

46、ry c. carrying d. carries 21. forseveral weeks, the city needed food. a. as having flooded b. being flooded c. having been flooded d. to flood 22. ill worriedmy parents greatly. a. i fell b. me falling c. my falling d. i falling 23. she is writing a letter to a friend of hers, him to attend themeeting. a. having invited b. inviting c. to invite d. invited 24. our town has dozens of factories, several saw mills. a. included b. areincluding c. are included d. including 25. the classroom,the students went to the playground to watch the football m