一般過(guò)去時(shí)講解

1、1, 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念、結(jié)構(gòu)以及用法一般過(guò)去時(shí)用來(lái)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)以及過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday昨天、last night 昨晚、last week 上周、last year 去年，等。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在句子中由主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式來(lái)表達(dá)。walks to school.(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))walked to school.(一般過(guò)去時(shí))例1.中的動(dòng)詞walks時(shí)現(xiàn)在式，由于主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)he,因此原因的walk必須加上“s”，表示目前習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作。可譯為“

2、他現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常步行上學(xué)”。例2.中的動(dòng)詞walked是過(guò)去式，過(guò)去式是敘述過(guò)去事情的動(dòng)詞形式，所以這句話時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去的某時(shí)，例如昨天、上周或?qū)W生時(shí)代等過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間，這句可譯為“他曾經(jīng)步行上學(xué)”。(2) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)1. be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式am 與is的過(guò)去式是 wasare的過(guò)去式是 werebe動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的句型如下：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was were ) 否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was, were) + not 疑問(wèn)句：be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(was, were) +主語(yǔ)OHe was busy yesterday.(肯定句)他昨天很忙。O He was not b

3、usy yesterday.(否定句)他昨天不忙。OWas he busy yesterday (疑問(wèn)句)他昨天忙嗎(1) be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句Mike was in the United States last year.麥克去年在美國(guó)。be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式：There is (are )的句型用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)需把is , are變?yōu)樗鼈兊倪^(guò)去式：There was (were)(2) be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的否定句He was not in Canada last year.他去年不在加拿大。be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，只要在 be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(was, were)后 面加上not

4、就可以了。否定式的 was not , were not大多使用縮寫(xiě)形式 wasn' t和weren ' t .I wasn' t busy the other day.前幾天我不忙。(3) be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句)Was it raining in Beijing yesterdayYes, it was.No, it wasn't. I t was cloudy.昨天北京下雨了嗎是的，下了不，沒(méi)下雨。昨天北京陰天。be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一樣，只要把 be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 was, were調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前面即可。was (were )

5、 +主語(yǔ)回答時(shí))需P!用 Yes, - was (were).或 No wasn' t (weren' t)Was your father free this morning 今天上午你爸爸有空嗎Yes, he was .是的，他有空。No, he wasn' t .不，他沒(méi)空。練習(xí)題一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Iat school just now.2. Heat the camp last week.3. Westudents two years ago.4. They on the farm a moment ago.5. Yang Ling eleven

6、years old last year.6. Therean apple on the plate yesterday.7. Theresome milk in the fridge on Sunday8. The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.2.一般動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的基本句型如下：肯定句： 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式否定句：主語(yǔ)+ did not +動(dòng)詞原形疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形OHe played tennis last week.（肯定句）他上周打網(wǎng)了。OHe did not play tennis last week

7、.（否定句）上周他沒(méi)打網(wǎng)球。ODid he play tennis last week （疑問(wèn)句）上周他打網(wǎng)球了嗎規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式1 一般情況下，在動(dòng)詞原形后面加-edolook f looked play fplayed start fstarted visit f visite巾ull-pulled, cook-cooke d2 .以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加 -d。live flived use fused taste-tasted3 .以 輔音字母+ y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先將 y改為i，再加 pd。study fstudied try ftried fly f flied4 .以重讀閉

8、音節(jié)（即輔音十元音+輔音）或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞，要先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母后，再加 Pd。stop fstopped plan f planned prefer fpreferred那么什么是重讀閉音節(jié)必須是重讀音節(jié)以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾元音字母發(fā)短音總結(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)就是：一元一輔，又重又短例子：beg drag drop drip （滴下）5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。（1）把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如：beginbegan, drinkdrank , givegave, ring rang, singsang, sitsat, swim swam（2）把重讀開(kāi)音節(jié)中的i改為

9、o,變成過(guò)去式。如：drivedrove, ride rode , write wrote（3）改動(dòng)詞原形中的 aw /ow為ew ,變成過(guò)去式。如：drawdrew, growgrew , know knew , throw -threw (動(dòng)詞 show 除夕卜，showshowed) (4)動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如：getgot, forget forgot(5)動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過(guò)去式。如：feed fed, meet met(6)動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過(guò)去式。如：keepkept, sleepslept, sweep swept(7)動(dòng)詞原形中的ea

10、k改為oke,變成過(guò)去式。如：breakbroke , speakspoke(8)動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過(guò)去式。如：sellsold, tell told(9)動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過(guò)去式。如：standstood , understand understood(10)以ought和aught結(jié)尾，且讀音是：t的過(guò)去式。如：bringbrought, buy bought, thinkthought , catchcaught, teachtaught(11)以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如：cancould , shallshould , will woul

11、d(12)把動(dòng)詞原形中的 。改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如：comecame, becomebecame(13)在動(dòng)詞原形后加 d或t變成過(guò)去式，并且發(fā)生音變。如：hearheard, meanmeant(14)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如：let let, mustmust, putput, read read, costcost, cut cut, hit hit, put put, hurt hurt(15)不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如：am, iswas,arewere,build built , dodid, eat ate,fall fell,feel felt, find found

12、 ,flyflew ,gowent,have /has had,hold held , leaveleft, makemade ,maymight ,run ran ,see-saw,taketook,say said 1.一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的肯定句We had a good time yesterday.昨天我們過(guò)得很愉快。He had a good time yesterday.昨天他過(guò)得很高興。一般過(guò)去時(shí)沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。因此，主語(yǔ)即使是單數(shù)、第三人稱(chēng)，也和其他人稱(chēng) 一樣化。OI watched TV for an hour.我看了一個(gè)小時(shí)的電視。OShe studied Russian

13、two years ago. 兩年前他學(xué)俄語(yǔ)。2 .一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句We did not have a good time yesterday.昨天我們過(guò)得不好。一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)夠定句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，不論主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱(chēng)，還是單、復(fù)數(shù)，在主語(yǔ)后面加上did not （而不是do not，或does not）就可以了。否定式did not常用縮寫(xiě)形式 didn' t 。OHe didn ' t have classes this morning. 今天上午他沒(méi)課 .OYou didn' t do your best to do it. 你沒(méi)有盡力去

14、做。3 .一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句Did he go there 他去那了嗎Yes, he did. （No, he didn' t .）是的，他去了。（不，他沒(méi)去。）When did you get up this morning At six.今天早晨你幾點(diǎn)鐘起床的六點(diǎn)鐘。一般動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，無(wú)論主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱(chēng)，單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)，在主語(yǔ)前面加上did即可。O Did Tom go with you湯姆和你一起去的嗎Yes, he did . （No, he didn' t .）是的。（不，不是的）OHow many subjects di

15、d you study last term 上學(xué)期你們學(xué)習(xí)幾門(mén)功課We studied seven.我們學(xué)習(xí)七門(mén)課。比較一般動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句 I go .He goes . I went . He went .否定句 I don' t go . He doesn' t go . I didn' t go . He didn' t go .疑問(wèn)句 Do you go Does he go Did you go Did he go （3） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種用法1 .帶有確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)如：yesterday （昨天）,t

16、wo days ago （兩天前）,last year （去年）.,the other da y （前幾天） ，once upon a time （過(guò)去曾經(jīng)） ，just now （剛才），in the old days （過(guò)去 的日子里），before liberation （解放前），when I was 8 years old （當(dāng)我八歲時(shí)）.2 .表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常與always, never等連用。OMrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太過(guò)去老是帶著一把傘。(只是說(shuō)明她過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不表明她現(xiàn)在是否常帶著 傘。)OMrs.

17、 Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是帶著傘。(說(shuō)明這是她的習(xí)慣，表明她現(xiàn)在仍然還習(xí)慣總帶著一把傘。)3 .有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去確定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上是指過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的話，也要用過(guò)去時(shí)，這一點(diǎn)，我們要特別注意。OI didn' t know you were in Pairs.我不知道你在巴黎。(因?yàn)樵谡f(shuō)話時(shí)，我已經(jīng)知 道你在巴黎了。這句話指的是說(shuō)話前，所以只能用過(guò)去時(shí)表示。實(shí)際上，這句話暗指：Butnow I know you are here.)OI thought you were ill.我以為你病了呢。(這句話應(yīng)

18、是在說(shuō)話前，我以為你病了， 但是現(xiàn)在我知道你沒(méi)病。)練習(xí)題一、請(qǐng)用正確動(dòng)詞形式填空1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.2. The cat (eat) a bird last night.3. We (have) a party last Halloween. 44. Nancy (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.7. M

19、y mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.8. The girls (dance) at the party last night.9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.10. you(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival11. he(fly) a kite on Sunday Yes, he.12. Gao Shan(put) up the picture last night.13. I(sweep) the floor yesterday.14. 14. What she(find) in the garden last mornin