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1、語法填空解題攻略 解題步驟: u 解題技巧解讀:(一)提示性填空的做題方法1. 動詞(1)如果所給詞是動詞,空格前是名詞或代詞,比較復雜的時候是動名詞、不定式或者主語從句,那么這個空一定是缺謂語,所以要根據(jù)上下文判斷句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。如the young man _(present)the water to the old.根據(jù)上下文可以判斷是一般過去式presented.(2)如果句子不缺謂語,而所給詞又是動詞,如果能排除是詞形轉(zhuǎn)換題的話,那么這個空一定是非謂語動詞。學生要清楚的知道
2、非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞以及他們的被動式和完成時等。同時要記住動詞不定式在句子中可以充當除了謂語之外的所有句子成分,多數(shù)情況下,動詞不定式表示動作還未發(fā)生;動名詞可以在句子中做主語、賓語、表語和定語;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語、狀語、補語和表語。同時,現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動作正在進行,和邏輯主語是主謂關系,而過去分詞表示動作已完成或者和邏輯主語是動賓關系。 基本知識掌握后,還要關注上下文中提供的關鍵詞來判斷是哪種非謂語動詞形式,比如watch,see, notice,hear等詞,那么有doing 和do&
3、#160;兩種情況,諸如此類的加動詞不定式和動名詞的單詞和短語學生都積累了不少,所以只要做題時加以關注,還是沒有問題的?,F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的判定比不定式和動名詞要難,但是,只要記住固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)之外就是要找準動詞和邏輯主語之間的關系,尤其是主句之前或者之后出現(xiàn)了逗號這種情況,尤其要引起注意。如he spit it out, _(say)it was awful.(saying)2. 形容詞和副詞首先,要讓學生確切的知道,形容詞在句子中充當?shù)木渥映煞趾退幬恢?。a.形容詞可以放在名詞前面做定語;b.形容詞可以在系動詞后面作表語;
4、c.形容詞可以放在賓語后做賓語補足語。副詞在句子中所充當?shù)木渥映煞趾退幍奈恢?。a.副詞放在動詞的前后做動詞狀語;b.副詞放在形容詞前做形容詞的狀語;c.副詞放在副詞前面做狀語。這樣,學生會比較明確的判斷句子所缺的是什么。如,his teacher took a deep drink, smiled_(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(warmly)其次,要明
5、確形容詞和副詞之間的詞性和詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)前文,學生能夠判斷句子卻的是形容詞還是副詞之后,根據(jù)上下文邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和句子意思,通過加減前后綴的辦法把題目做正確。如2010年廣東卷考查了副詞warmly: . His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.另外,2
6、007年廣東卷考查了副詞merrily:.We drank together and talked _(merry) till far into the night.第三,注意形容詞和副詞的比較級別,同級比較用as.as.和not so.as.,其中要加形容詞副詞的原級。用形容詞和副詞取決于前面的動詞是系動詞還是實義動詞;比較級有比較連詞than或者根據(jù)上下文判斷有隱性的比較;最高級前面有標志性的詞the。3. 名詞 名詞在語法填
7、空中出現(xiàn)的幾率比較低,但是名詞卻是做自由填空的一個非常重要的參照物。名詞在提示性填空部分,最可能出現(xiàn)的題就是動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞這種形式。但是學生必須明確名詞的特點。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面必須有三類修飾限定詞:a.必須有a/an,the;b.必須有形容詞性的物主代詞;c.必須有指示代詞this或者that以及不定代詞。三者是必有其一,互不兼容。不可數(shù)名詞最顯著的特點就是不能與a/an連用,但是英語中要注意一詞多義的情況(如抽象名詞具體化)。 (二)自由填空題的做題方法1. 介詞 介詞包括表時間、方位、方式的介詞on,in,at,with,b
8、y,through等。介詞最大的特點可以和動詞、形容詞等構(gòu)成固定短語,通常都是介詞在后,再就是和名詞構(gòu)成固定短語,尤其是要注意是否加冠詞的情況。同時,學生要清楚介詞后通常都是加名詞、代詞(賓格、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞)、動名詞和賓語從句等。 如2010年高考英語(廣東卷)考查了with表伴隨的用法:. The young man went home _ a happy heart.;2009年廣東卷考查了介詞o
9、n和at: . Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _ sale. When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen
10、present in her bag, her parents were already _table having supper.2. 連詞 連詞的考查包括的內(nèi)容比較寬泛,主要區(qū)分開兩大部分,即并列句和復合句。這是做連詞題的關鍵。 并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句”。并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要,相互之間沒有從屬關系,是平
11、行并列的關系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。包括表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but,while;表并列的連詞and,or;表因果的連詞because,so等等。如2008年廣東卷考查了連詞but: . He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”
12、0;higher. 從屬復合句由一個主句(Principal Clause)和一個或一個以上的從句(Subordinate Clause)構(gòu)成。用疑問詞作引導詞,主句是全句的主體,通??梢元毩⒋嬖?;從句則是一個句子成分,不能獨立存在。從句不能單獨成句,但它也有主語部分和謂語部分,就像一個句子一樣。所不同在于,從句須由一個關聯(lián)詞(connective)引導。主從復合句包括形容詞性從句(The Attributive Clause);副詞性從句(The Adverbial Clause);名詞
13、性從句(The Noun Clause)三大類。 主從復合句和并列句最大的區(qū)別就是主句對從句有很大的影響,從句是從屬于主句的一個句子成分,有自己獨立的主謂等句子成分的同時,還要受到主句的制約和影響。同時學生要對三大類句子的基本特點特別清楚,比如,定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞的選用,非限制性定語從句的特點等;名詞性從句中同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別等。3. 冠詞 冠詞的用法主要和名詞連在一起,根據(jù)上下文進行判斷是用定冠詞還是不定冠詞,亦或是不用冠詞的情況。4.代詞 &
14、#160; 在語法填空里,考查比較多的有人稱代詞和不定代詞,人稱代詞要弄清楚所指代的性別和數(shù),不定代詞要弄清楚所指代或修飾的詞是什么。 總而言之,學生在了解全文大意的基礎上,從語篇著手并聯(lián)系上下文,根據(jù)自己掌握的語法知識、詞匯知識、生活常識、固定詞組、句型搭配及對某一國家的風俗習慣、文化背景的了解、行文的邏輯關系、語篇標志等進行填空。
15、160; (一)Once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32
16、0; first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very l
17、arge stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow. “Who put this stone in the cent
18、re of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his
19、60;way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove
20、160; 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Som
21、e neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move th
22、e stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found
23、160;a bag of money.答案:31. who 32. But 33. a 34. hid 35. Another 36. it 37. saying 38. will be 39. strength 40. Under
24、60; (二)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researche
25、rs use it as _31_ investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the 32_
26、160;(late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to conne
27、ct with individuals from _33 countries and cultures. However, _34_there are many positive developments _35_ (associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears
28、 and concerns. _36_ concern relates to a lack of control over_37_ appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accu
29、racy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are 38 (restrict) on what kinds of programs can _39_ (broadcast) and at what tim
30、es of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable _40_ their children to see.答案:31. an 32. latest &
31、#160;33.other/different 34. while 35.associated 36. One 37. what 38. restrictions 39. be broadcast(ed) 40.for
32、 ( 三 )Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isnt it? Factually, the cus
33、tom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest Chinas Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end
34、160;of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a
35、; 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure.It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had
36、;to cry at the wedding. 36 , the brides neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughi
37、ngstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony.In a word, cry
38、ing at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrang
39、e) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life.答案:31. Surp
40、rising 32.remained 33. until/till 34. necessity 35. the 36. Otherwise 37. her 38. in 39. way/means &
41、#160; 40. arranged (四)In my f
42、ree time, I really like surfing the Internet. When I get home from work, I turn on my computer, wait _31_it boots up completely, and then I go online. I
43、60;usually check my email first and then write a few messages _32_ family and friends. I sometimes scan the local news headlines at _33_ favorite news Website and
44、60;read up on the latest local and international news. This Website often provides video news clips_34_ you can view online. I sometimes order products or service online&
45、#160;to save money and time instead of going to a store and_35_(buy) what I'm looking for. For example, I _36_ (order)a digital camera online the other day
46、;and saved about $50. Whatever I do, I realize that there are problems_37_ using the Internet including scams, identify theft, and viruses, so I'm very careful not
47、60;to give out my _38_ (person) information. Furthermore, I don't download or open files I don't recognize. Using the Internet can be fun and_39_ convenient way o
48、f shopping and finding out new information, _40_ you just need to be careful31 until / till 32. to 33. my 34 that / which 35. buying36. ordered 37. with
49、60;38. personal 39. a 40. but (五)In order to know a&
50、#160;foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear _31_ spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it
51、60;correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _32_ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able
52、0;to make sentences that are grammatically correct.There is no easy way to success _33_ language learning. _34_ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough
53、60;only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and _36_meaning, studying the dictionary and so on. We
54、;must learn by using the language. _37_we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the languang. “Learn through use” is
55、;a good piece of _38_(advise) for those _39_are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and _40_(write) the language whenever we can. 答案
56、: 31.it 32. Thirdly 33. in 34. A 35. to memorize 36. their 37. If 38. advice 39. who 40. writing
57、160;
58、160;六第二節(jié):語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分)At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now, but 31
59、0; I drove up to the light, it turned red, and I braked to a halt. I look left, right, and behind me. Nothing. 32 a car, no sugges
60、tion of headlights, but there I sat, 33 (wait) the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.I started wondering &
61、#160; 34 I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of 35 (catch) by the police, because there was obviously no cop anywhere around
62、and 36 certainly would have been no danger in going 37 it. Much later that night, the 38 question of why Id stopped
63、60;for that light came 39 to me. I think I stopped because its part of a contract (合同) we all have with each other. Its not only the law
64、, but its an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor 40 : we dont go through red lights. Like most of us, Im more ready
65、;to be stopped from doing something bad by the social agreement that disapproves of it than by any law against it. 答案:31. as / when 32. Not &
66、#160; 33.waiting 34. why 35. being caught 36. there
67、; 37. through 38.same 39.back 40. it
68、 七第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分)Nowadays, millions 31 lonely singles are now going online instead. 32 World
69、60;Wide Web is quickly becoming the worlds most popular matchmaker(媒人). Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifes
70、tyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(約會網(wǎng)址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene 34&
71、#160; (just lead) them from one bad experience to 35 and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make 36 easy to av
72、oid someone 37 you are not interested in. In the real world, 38 , ignoring someone you dont like can be difficult. Despite
73、160;all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. People arent always those who they declare to be in their online 39 (describe).&
74、#160;Safety is another concern. You are just 40 (like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr. Or Miss Right. 答案:31. of 32. The 33. mainly&
75、#160; 34. has just led 35. another 36. it 37. who / whom 38. however 39. description 40. likely &
76、#160; 八第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分)Polar bears are suffering in a 31 (warm) world than ever
77、0;before.Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals. 32 much of the year, they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice. Nature
78、has prepared 33 for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that 34 (threat) the only home they know.The
79、160;polar bears world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has reduced by 9.8% every 10 years 35 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bea
80、rs live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 36 (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears&
81、#160;walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 37 scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “ 38 it, they cant exist.”Some melting and re
82、freezing of the polar ice is natural. 39 in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have thr
83、ee months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, 40 the bears are not actively hunting.第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分)題
84、號賦分答案311.5分warmer321.5分For/During1.0分for/during331.5分them341.5分threatens351.5分since361.5分survival371.5分a381.5分Without1.0分without391.5分But1.0分but401.5分when
85、160; 九第二節(jié):語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分) 31 is possible that we simply do not stay in one place for a tru
86、e friendship to develop. However, there can be no disagreement on the need for each of us 32 (think) carefully about the kind of friendships we want.
87、60; To most of us, friendships are considered 33 (importance), but need to have clear in our own minds 34 kinds of friendships we wa
88、nt .Are they to be close or 35 (keep) at arms length? Do we want to share ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some
89、people, many friendships on the surface are quite enoughand thats all right .But at some point we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our
90、60; 36 (friend)expectations. If one wants more from the friendship than the other, 37 if this is not talked about, one is likely at last to
91、fell that hes holding the short end of the stick. The sharing of personal experience 38 (include) our tears as well as our dark dreams 39 (be)
92、0;the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there signs of interest and action 40 return. 答案:
93、31. It 32. to think 33. important 34.the 35. kept 36.friends 37. and 38. including 39.is 40. in
94、 十第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題;每小題15分,滿分15分) Many teachers believe that the respon
95、sibilities for learning lie with the student. 31_ a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with 32_ (inform) in the reading even
96、0;if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning,&
97、#160;not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned 33_ brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given,
98、 the student is 34_(responsibility) for learning the material assigned. When research 35_( assign), the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete
99、it with minimum guidance. It is the student's responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain 36_
100、0;a university library works; they expect students, 37_(special) graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference origins in the library. Professors will help students w
101、ho need it, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties 38 _ teaching, such as
102、160;administrative or research work. Therefore, the time 39_ a professor can spend with a student outside of class 40_( limit). If a student has problems with classroom
103、160;work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment. 答案:31. If / When 32. information 33. with 34. res
104、ponsible 35. is assigned 36. how 37. particularly/especially 38. besides 39. which/ that 40. is limited
105、160; 十一第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題,每小題1.5分,滿分15分)This is a true story which happened in the States. A man came out
106、0;of his home to admire his new truck. To his 31 (puzzle), his three-year-old son was 32 (happy) hammering dents(凹痕) into the shiny paint of
107、0;the truck. The man ran to his son, knocked him away, hammered the little boy's hands into pulp(果漿汁) as 33 (punish). When the father calmed down, h
108、e rushed his son to the hospital. 34 the doctor tried desperately to save the crushed bones, he finally had to cut the fingers from both the boy
109、9;s hands. When the boy 35 (wake) up from the operation and saw his bandaged stubs, he innocently said, “Daddy, I'm sorry about your truck.” Then he
110、 asked, “ 36 when are my fingers going to grow back?”The father went home and committed suicide.Think about this story 37 next time
111、someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge. Think first 38 you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can 39
112、160;(repair). Broken bones and hurt feelings often can't. Too often we fail to recognize the difference between the person and the performance. We forget that forgiveness&
113、#160;is 40 (great) than revenge.People make mistakes. We are allowed to make mistakes. But the actions we take while in a rage will impress us forever.31.
114、60;puzzlement 32. happily 33. punishment 34. Although / Though 35. woke 36. but 37. the
115、; 38. before 39. be repaired 40. greater 十二第二節(jié): 語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)
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