第10講：供應(yīng)鏈管理PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1第第10講：供應(yīng)鏈管理講：供應(yīng)鏈管理1750s-The Industrial Revolution: Division of labor & Concept of interchangeable parts1800s-Larger, more complex factories; stage set for production explosion of 20th centuryScientific management, Industrial Engineering1900s-Assembly lines and mass production1930s-Human Fact

2、ors, Quality movement1940s-Operations Research1950s-Cellular manufacturing1950s-IT Revolution1950s-Factory Automation: NC, CNC, FMC, FMS, Robotics 1960s-MRP, MRP II, JIT, OPT.1980s-Supply Chain Management, Inter-org. IS (EDI)1990s-Reengineering, Internet, E-commerce第1頁/共83頁第2頁/共83頁第3頁/共83頁第4頁/共83頁供應(yīng)

3、商制造商經(jīng)銷商零售商客戶物物 流流信息流信息流資金流資金流信息流信息流產(chǎn)品流產(chǎn)品流服務(wù)流服務(wù)流資金流資金流知識(shí)流知識(shí)流第5頁/共83頁供 應(yīng) 系 統(tǒng) 運(yùn) 營(yíng) 系 統(tǒng) 配 送 系 統(tǒng)工廠1工廠2工廠3倉(cāng)庫/配送中心倉(cāng)庫/配送中心倉(cāng)庫/配送中心顧客ABC原料供應(yīng)物料管理成品配送營(yíng)銷物流原材料供應(yīng)商搬運(yùn)/運(yùn)輸 搬運(yùn)/運(yùn)輸制造成品存儲(chǔ)/配送市場(chǎng) 供 應(yīng) 鏈 系 統(tǒng)批發(fā)/零售商批發(fā)/零售商批發(fā)/零售商顧客顧客 配送/運(yùn)輸?shù)?頁/共83頁第7頁/共83頁第8頁/共83頁第9頁/共83頁第10頁/共83頁第11頁/共83頁第12頁/共83頁第13頁/共83頁 Map Current Map CurrentS

4、upply ChainSupply Chain Identify Key Identify Key SC MembersSC Members Form Steering Form Steering Committee & Committee & Joint StrategiesJoint Strategies Realign Core Realign Core CompetenciesCompetenciesSeek Synergistic Seek Synergistic Fit & Barriers to Fit & Barriers to EntryEnt

5、ryOrganize for Organize for Improvements in Improvements in Various AreasVarious Areas第14頁/共83頁SC Steering CommitteeSC Steering CommitteePhysical Physical ReconfigurationReconfigurationBusiness Business ProcessesProcesses IS & IT IS & IT IntegrationIntegrationSuppliersSuppliersManufacturersM

6、anufacturersDistributorsDistributorsRetailersRetailersNPDPPurchasingOperationsInter-Organizational TeamsInter-Functional TeamsMarketingNPDPPurchasingOperationsMarketingNPDPPurchasingOperationsMarketingNPDPPurchasingOperationsMarketing第15頁/共83頁第16頁/共83頁FunctionalFunctionalInnovativeInnovativeLife Cyc

7、leLife Cycle 2years 2years3mos. - 1 year3mos. - 1 yearMarginMargin5-20%5-20%20-60%20-60%VarietyVarietyLowLowhighhighAvg. Forecast Avg. Forecast ErrorError10%10%40-100%40-100%Stock-out rateStock-out rate1-2%1-2%10-40%10-40%MarkdownMarkdown0 010-25%10-25%Lead Time for Lead Time for MTOMTO6 mos.-1 year

8、6 mos.-1 year1 day- 2wks1 day- 2wks第17頁/共83頁MismatchMatchEfficientEfficientSupply ChainSupply ChainResponsiveResponsiveSupply ChainSupply ChainProductsProductsFunctional InnovativeMismatchMatch第18頁/共83頁EfficientEfficientResponsiveResponsivePurposePurposeSupply predictable Supply predictable demand e

9、fficiently at demand efficiently at lowest costlowest costRespond quickly to Respond quickly to unpredictable unpredictable demanddemandMfg FocusMfg FocusHigh utilizationHigh utilizationReserve capacityReserve capacityInventoryInventoryHigh inventory turnsHigh inventory turnsSignificant buffer Signi

10、ficant buffer inventoryinventoryLead TimeLead TimeShorten lead time Shorten lead time without increasing without increasing costcostInvest aggressively to Invest aggressively to reduce lead timereduce lead timeSupplier SelectionSupplier SelectionBased on Cost & Based on Cost & QualityQuality

11、Speed, flexibility & Speed, flexibility & qualityqualityProd. DesignProd. DesignMaximal performance Maximal performance & minimal cost& minimal costModular design, form Modular design, form postponementpostponement第19頁/共83頁MismatchMatchEfficientEfficientSupply ChainSupply ChainRespon

12、siveResponsiveSupply ChainSupply ChainProductsProductsFunctional InnovativeMismatchMatch第20頁/共83頁Stable Stable (Low Supply Uncertainty)(Low Supply Uncertainty)Evolving Evolving (High Supply Uncertainty)(High Supply Uncertainty)Less BreakdownsLess BreakdownsMore breakdownsMore breakdownsStable &

13、high yieldsStable & high yieldsVariable & low yieldsVariable & low yieldsLess quality problemsLess quality problemsPotential quality problemsPotential quality problemsMore supply sourcesMore supply sourcesLimited supply sourcesLimited supply sourcesReliable suppliersReliable suppliersUnr

14、eliable suppliersUnreliable suppliersLess process changesLess process changesMore process changesMore process changesLess Capacity ConstraintsLess Capacity ConstraintsPotential capacity constraintsPotential capacity constraintsEasier to changeoverEasier to changeoverDifficult to changeoverDifficult

15、to changeoverFlexibleFlexibleInflexibleInflexibleDependable Lead TimeDependable Lead TimeVariable Lead TimeVariable Lead Time第21頁/共83頁LowLowStableStableHighHighEvolvingEvolvingDemand UncertaintyDemand UncertaintyLow HighLow HighFunctional InnovativeGrocery. Grocery. Apparel, Apparel, food, oil, gasf

16、ood, oil, gasSupply UncertaintyFashion Apparel, Fashion Apparel, computers, pop computers, pop musicmusicTelecom, High-end Telecom, High-end computers, computers, semiconductorsemiconductorHydro-electric Hydro-electric power, some power, some food producefood produce第22頁/共83頁LowLowStableStableHighHi

17、ghEvolvingEvolvingDemand UncertaintyDemand UncertaintyLow HighLow HighFunctional InnovativeEfficientEfficientSupply Supply ChainsChainsSupply UncertaintyResponsiveResponsiveSupply ChainsSupply ChainsAgileAgileSupply ChainsSupply ChainsRisk-hedgingRisk-hedgingSupply ChainsSupply Chains第23頁/共83頁LowLow

18、StableStableHighHighEvolvingEvolvingDemand UncertaintyDemand UncertaintyLow HighLow HighFunctional InnovativeEfficientEfficientSupply Supply ChainsChainsSupply UncertaintyResponsiveResponsiveSupply ChainsSupply ChainsAgileAgileSupply ChainsSupply ChainsRisk-hedgingRisk-hedgingSupply ChainsSupply Cha

19、ins第24頁/共83頁第25頁/共83頁 供應(yīng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)品 專業(yè)產(chǎn)品采購(gòu)金額低高一般產(chǎn)品一般產(chǎn)品瓶頸產(chǎn)品瓶頸產(chǎn)品杠桿產(chǎn)品杠桿產(chǎn)品戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)品戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)品足球時(shí)尚籃球贊助跑步羽毛球羽毛球籃球籃球 第26頁/共83頁供應(yīng)鏈反應(yīng)能力供應(yīng)鏈贏利水平反應(yīng)能力能力型工廠成本導(dǎo)向型工廠需求確定不確定基礎(chǔ)類產(chǎn)品新類別一般產(chǎn)品延續(xù)產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新型產(chǎn)品主推產(chǎn)品一般合作伙伴核心合作伙伴戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴杠桿產(chǎn)品一般產(chǎn)品杠桿產(chǎn)品瓶頸產(chǎn)品杠桿產(chǎn)品瓶頸產(chǎn)品戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)商E供應(yīng)商F供應(yīng)商D供應(yīng)商B供應(yīng)商C供應(yīng)商A戰(zhàn)略匹配戰(zhàn)略匹配帶帶第27頁/共83頁第28頁/共83頁第29頁/共83頁客戶需求量零售商的訂單05101520時(shí)間時(shí)間訂購(gòu)數(shù)量訂

20、購(gòu)數(shù)量05101520時(shí)間時(shí)間訂購(gòu)數(shù)量訂購(gòu)數(shù)量批發(fā)商的訂單05101520時(shí)間時(shí)間訂購(gòu)數(shù)量訂購(gòu)數(shù)量05101520時(shí)間時(shí)間訂購(gòu)數(shù)量訂購(gòu)數(shù)量制造商的訂單第30頁/共83頁嬰兒嬰兒父母父母零售商零售商 批發(fā)商批發(fā)商 寶潔公司寶潔公司3M公司公司第31頁/共83頁第32頁/共83頁第33頁/共83頁問題根源具體原因需求信息處理成批訂貨價(jià)格波動(dòng)配給和缺貨造成的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)缺乏信息共享，訂貨提前期長(zhǎng)，進(jìn)行多種預(yù)測(cè)訂購(gòu)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，訂購(gòu)成本，以及 滿載問題定價(jià)時(shí)高時(shí)低，促銷活動(dòng)，以及批量采購(gòu)折扣由于配給而產(chǎn)生的刺激作用，無視后果第34頁/共83頁05101520時(shí)間時(shí)間訂購(gòu)數(shù)量訂購(gòu)數(shù)量實(shí)際銷售量所下的訂單第35頁/

21、共83頁第36頁/共83頁第37頁/共83頁第38頁/共83頁第39頁/共83頁第40頁/共83頁原因 策略需求信息處理成批訂購(gòu)價(jià)格波動(dòng)配給和缺貨造成的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)信息共享，POS, VMI,縮短訂貨提前期，統(tǒng)一預(yù)測(cè)EDI，加強(qiáng)貨運(yùn)工作，CAO，第三方后勤供應(yīng)業(yè)務(wù)EDLP/EDLC, 限制采購(gòu)時(shí)間窗口根據(jù)過去的需求進(jìn)行配給，庫存、生產(chǎn)能力方面的信息共享第41頁/共83頁第42頁/共83頁第43頁/共83頁第44頁/共83頁第45頁/共83頁若干要點(diǎn)（續(xù)）第46頁/共83頁第47頁/共83頁Retailer1Retailer 2Retailer 3DCFactoryPOPOWOBeer GameBeer Game Game SetupGame SetupTransit AreaWe play a traditional, un-coordinated supply chain: no one talks to each other: interactions entirely thru document and chip transfers Instructor generate