普陀補習班 高二英語 暑假班6 分詞 教師學生版

1、張R老師 高二英語 暑假班6 復習+銜接：分詞 Introduction 非謂語動詞、獨立主格& 高考真題01. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness _.A. to makeB. to be madeC. makingD. being made02. Dont respond to any e-mails _ personal information, no matter how official they look.A. searchingB. askingC. req

2、uestingD. questioning03. There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.A. addB. to addC. addingD. added04. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure (中國綠色環(huán)保人物)” award, a title _ to ordinarypeople for their contributions to environmental protection.A. being giv

3、enB. is givenC. givenD. was given05. The trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down06. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed07. When _ diff

4、erent cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing themany similarities.A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared08. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. coveringB. coveredC. coverD. to cover09. Dont sit there _ nothing. Com

5、e and help me with this table.A. doB. to doC. doingD. and doing10. My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits.A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought11. _ for the breakdown o the school computer network, Alice was in low spirit.A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blame

6、D. To be blamed12. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed13. _, I had to try my luck in another city.A. As there was no chances for meB. There be no chances for meC. There being no chances for meD. There were no chances for mePresentatio

7、n (1) - 非謂語動詞、獨立主格& 動詞現(xiàn)在分詞一、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，可用來表示被修飾者的用途。此種用法時，現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾的名詞之間既無邏輯上的主謂關系，又無動賓關系，可用for短語替換Ø There is a swimming pool in our school.我們學校有一個游泳池。Ø His father works in a printing factory.他父親在一家印刷廠工作。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，可表示動作正在進行或經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)。此種用法時，被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上含主謂關系Ø Did you see the g

8、irl dancing with your brother?Ø = Did you see the girl who was dancing with your brother?你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那個姑娘嗎？Ø We lived in a room facing the south. = We lived in a room that faced the south.我們住在一間朝南的房間里。n 但并非所有定語從句都適合換成現(xiàn)在分詞形式：The students who have handed in their exercise-books can go home no

9、w.交了作業(yè)本的學生現(xiàn)在可以回家了。Is there anyone who can drive a car?有人會開汽車嗎？總結：穿插有完成時或情態(tài)動詞的定語從句不適合使用現(xiàn)在分詞替換。 有些現(xiàn)在分詞已經(jīng)轉化成形容詞，常作定語修飾物，表示“令人的”，如：amazing, astonishing,boring, confusing, disappointing, exciting, frightening, moving, pleasing, puzzling, satisfying, shocking, surprising, tiringØ The experiment was a

10、n amazing success.那項試驗取得了驚人的成功。Ø That must have been a pleasing experience.那準是一段開心的經(jīng)歷。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，如是單個的詞時作前置定語，如是短語時作后置定語Ø Dim is an attacking player.迪姆是一位攻擊型的運動員。Ø There is a page missing from this book.這本書缺了一頁。二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語概述現(xiàn)在分詞可作原因、時間、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨或結果狀語。位于句首多作原因、時間、條件或讓步狀語；位于句尾多作方式、伴隨或結果狀語。

11、現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，幾乎每個動詞現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，都可以轉換為一個狀語從句。作原因狀語表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生時，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式Ø Being ill, she didnt go to school today.今天她生病了，所以沒來上學。Ø Not knowing what to do, he turned to the teacher.因為不知道該做什么，他向老師求助。表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式Ø Not having received an answer, I wrote to

12、 him again.因為沒有收到回信，我又給他寫了信。Ø Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.由于很久沒有收到兒子的來信，這位母親很擔心。作時間狀語現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作一發(fā)生，謂語動詞表示的動作就立即發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，可轉換成“on現(xiàn)在分詞”，常用的該類動詞多是表示一個極短動作的動詞：close, open, hear, see, arrive, leave, return等Ø Hearing the good news, he jumped

13、with joy. = On hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.聽到這個好消息，他高興得跳了起來。Ø Seeing the result, they couldnt help crying. = On seeing the result, they couldnt help crying.看到這個結果，他們情不自禁地哭了起來?，F(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，常在現(xiàn)在分詞之前加when或whileØ Be careful when crossing the street.過馬路時要當心。Ø Whil

14、e waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Tom.在等火車時，我和湯姆談了很久?，F(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作完成后，謂語表示的動作才發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，可轉換成“after現(xiàn)在分詞”Ø Having finished his work, Henry went home. = After finishing his work, Henry went home.亨利做完工作后就回家了。作條件狀語Ø Turning to the right, you will find the place you want.往右轉，你就會找到你

15、要找的地方了。作讓步狀語Ø Having been told many times, he still doesnt know how to do it.盡管告訴過他好多次，但他還是不知道怎么做這事。Ø Although working from morning till night, he didnt get enough food.雖然他從早到晚地拼命干活，但還是掙不夠吃的。作方式狀語或伴隨狀語Ø Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他們又說又笑地走進房間。Ø John sat at the t

16、able, reading China Daily.約翰坐在桌子旁邊看中國日報。作結果狀語Ø Her mother died in 1969, leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters.1969年她母親去世了，拋下她和四個弟弟妹妹。Ø She was so angry that she threw the glass on the floor, breaking it into pieces.她很生氣，將玻璃杯扔在地上，摔得粉碎。& 第三節(jié)動詞過去分詞一、過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語，如是單個的詞時作前置定

17、語，如是短語時作后置定語Ø There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有許多落葉。Ø Any medicine taken without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.任何沒有經(jīng)過醫(yī)囑而服用的藥都有可能引起麻煩。不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動的含義，只表示動作已完成Ø Some returned students are also facing the problem of employment.一些歸國留學生也面臨著就業(yè)的問題。二、過去分詞作狀語概述過去分

18、詞可作原因、時間、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨或結果狀語。位于句首多作原因、時間、條件或讓步狀語；位于句尾多作方式、伴隨或結果狀語。過去分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，過去分詞作狀語，它與句子的主語在邏輯上含有動賓關系。作原因狀語Ø Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.在她的鼓舞下，共青團員們干得更起勁了。Ø The children soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.由于旅途勞累，孩子們很快就睡著了。作時間狀語Ø Seen fro

19、m the hill, the park looks beautiful.從山上看這個公園非常漂亮。Ø Once published, this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版，這本字典將會很受歡迎。作條件狀語Ø United, we stand; divided, we fall.團結則存，分裂則亡。Ø Compared with you, I still have a long way to go.和你比起來，我還有很大差距。作讓步狀語Ø Beaten by the rival team, the playe

20、rs were not discouraged and practiced even harder.雖然被對方打敗，但隊員們沒有泄氣，反而更加刻苦訓練。Ø Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.雖然受傷了，那位勇敢的戰(zhàn)士繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。作方式狀語或伴隨狀語Ø The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.那位女科學家走進實驗室，后面跟著她的助手們。Ø She turned away, disappointed.她走了，心里很失望。作結果

21、狀語Ø The glass fell to the floor, broken.那個杯子掉到地板上，摔碎了。& 第四節(jié)非謂語動詞語法功能的異同一、作定語的區(qū)別不定式作定語不定式作后置定語，常指將來的動作、帶情態(tài)意味的動作Ø The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important.明天要討論的問題很重要。Ø Here are some books for you to read.這里有幾本供你讀的書。 不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上既可以含主謂關系，又可以含動賓關系。如果不定式為不及物動詞，須在其后

22、加上適當?shù)慕樵~。Ø She was the first person to think of the idea.她是第一個想出這個主意的人。Ø He has nothing to worry about.他沒有什么可擔心的?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語一是表示被修飾名詞的用途，現(xiàn)在分詞與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上無任何邏輯關系Ø We have a sleeping car, so we dont need to prepare a tent.我們有一輛臥車，所以我們不需要帳篷。 二是強調主動的動作正在進行或強調經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)，被修飾的名詞或代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上含主謂關系

23、16; The house facing south will be sold to that old couple.那棟朝南的房子將賣給那對老夫婦。過去分詞作定語及物動詞的過去分詞作定語與被修飾的名詞或代詞在邏輯上含動賓關系，表示被動的動作已完成或無具體時間性的動作。如果強調被動的動作正在進行，則用“being過去分詞”；如果強調被動的動作即將發(fā)生，則用“to be過去分詞”Ø This is a play written by Shakespeare.這是莎士比亞寫的戲劇。Ø The house being built now is his.正在興建的那棟房子是他的。不

24、及物動詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示動作已完成，無被動的含義Ø There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有許多落葉。二、作狀語的區(qū)別類別句首的作用句末的作用與主語的邏輯關系動詞不定式目的目的、結果、原因、方式主謂動賓動詞現(xiàn)在分詞時間、條件、原因、讓步方式、伴隨、結果主謂動詞過去分詞時間、條件、原因、讓步方式、伴隨、結果動賓不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞以及過去分詞都可以作結果狀語不定式作結果狀語常用于固定句式中 Ø His father left home, never to be heard from again.他的父親離家出走了，從此音

25、信全無?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作結果狀語時，其前常用逗號與其前部分隔開，也可不用Ø The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤，頭被門碰破了?，F(xiàn)在分詞與主語含主謂關系，過去分詞與主語含動賓關系Ø The eggs fell to the ground, broken.那些雞蛋掉到了地上，摔碎了?，F(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的異同現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在句中可以作相同的狀語，選用哪一種，關鍵要看非謂語動詞與主語的關系，是主謂關系就用現(xiàn)在分詞，是動賓關系就用過去分詞Ø Seei

26、ng that girl, Tom turned around and walked away湯姆一看到那女孩就轉身走開了。Ø Seen from space, the earth looks blue.從太空看，地球是藍色的。有時為了強調被動的動作已完成，可以用“having been過去分詞”來代替過去分詞Ø Having been delayed for an hour, the plane took off at four oclock.因為耽誤了一小時，所以飛機于四點鐘才起飛。& 第五節(jié)獨立主格一、概述獨立主格結構由名詞或主格代詞加上其他成分（分詞、不定式

27、、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語）構成，在語法上是一個獨立的短語，不是句子，在意思上依附于整個句子獨立主格結構的特點作用相當于狀語從句，可表示時間、原因、條件、行為方式或伴隨狀況可置于句首，也可以放在句尾主要用于書面語邏輯主語與句中的語法主語不同，不指同一個人同一事物二、獨立主格結構的構成及用法名詞主格代詞現(xiàn)在分詞名詞或代詞通常為現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者，與現(xiàn)在分詞構成邏輯上的主謂關系Ø Time permitting, we can finish the work.如果時間許可，我們能夠完成這項工作。（表條件）Ø It being Sunday, they had

28、 no classes.由于是星期天，他們不上課。（表原因）名詞主格代詞過去分詞名詞或代詞通常為過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者，與過去分詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系Ø The signal given, the bus started.發(fā)出信號后，汽車開始前進。（表時間）Ø All things considered, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.若全面考慮，她的建議比你的建議更有價值。（表條件）Ø Gary sat silently, eyes closed.加里靜靜地坐著，雙眼緊閉。（表伴隨狀況）名詞主格

29、代詞不定式名詞或代詞是不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，與不定式構成邏輯上的主謂關系，這種結構可位于句末或句首，不定式多表示將來的動作Ø The teacher to help us, we will succeed.有老師的幫助，我們就能成功。（表原因）Ø He invited us to see a film, he himself to buy the tickets.他請我們看電影，他買票。（表補充說明）名詞主格代詞形容詞副詞形容詞或副詞常用來說明名詞或代詞的性質、特征及所處狀態(tài)Ø The boy looked at the beautiful picture, eye

30、s wide open.這個孩子看著這幅美麗的圖畫，眼睛睜得大大的。（表伴隨狀況）Ø The meeting over, the students were dismissed.會議結束，學生們解散了。（表時間）名詞主格代詞介詞短語介詞短語常用來說明名詞或代詞的特征或所處的狀態(tài)Ø He sat in the chair, book in hand and pipe in mouth.他坐在椅子上，手里拿著書，嘴里叼著煙斗。（表伴隨狀況）Ø The old farmer came back, a large basket on his shoulder.老農(nóng)回來了，

31、肩上扛著一個大筐。（表伴隨狀況）介詞復合賓語這種結構，常由“with / without / like名詞代詞賓格不定式分詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞短語”構成?！敖樵~復合賓語”的作用相當于獨立主格短語，在句中可以作時間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨狀語。另外，該結構還可作后置定語，修飾其前的名詞Ø I cant go out, with a lot of homework to do.我不能出去，因為有許多作業(yè)要做。（表原因）Ø He lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛注視著天空。（表方式）Ø

32、; The classroom is very bright with all the lights turned on.所有的燈都開著，教師里非常明亮。（表原因）Ø Dont talk with your mouth full.不要嘴里含著東西說話。（表方式）Ø The room is very bright with all the light on.所有的燈都開著，房間里很明亮。（表原因）Ø Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms?你認識那位手里抱著嬰兒的婦女嗎？（表伴隨狀況）There being名詞代詞

33、there表示客觀存在，也可以構成獨立主格結構，即將there be句式中的be換為being，表示原因Ø There being no buses, they had to walk home.因為沒有公車，所以他們不得不步行回家。Ø There being no further business, I declared the meeting closed.由于沒有別的事了，我宣布閉會。Focused Practice A / B - 非謂語動詞、獨立主格01. I dont like students to stay in the classroom between

34、classes, for the air in it is so terrible _.A. to breatheB. to be breathedC. breathingD. breathed02. _ outside of the railway station, the lady suddenly realized she was taken in by his company andcalled the police.A. WaitingB. WaitedC. Having waitedD. To wait03. Ideally _ for Broadway theatres and

35、Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite withmany guests.A. to be locatedB. locatingC. locatedD. having been located04. When our team hurried there, we saw many groups of representatives _ in their place.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. to be seated05. The message is very important, so it

36、is supposed _ as soon as possible.A. to sendB. to be sentC. sendD. sent06. _ the story several times, I could almost recite it.A. TellB. Having been toldC. ToldD. To be told07. _ the task in time, the workers were punished by taking back one months salary.A. Not having finishedB. Having finishedC. H

37、aving not finishedD. Not to finish08. Lucys new job paid twice as much as she had made _ in the restaurant.A. workedB. workingC. to workD. to be working09. Sorry, I smell something _ in the kitchen. Hold on, please.A. burnedB. burnC. to be burntD. burning10. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was

38、 meant for residents reporting water and heating supplybreakdowns.A. PuttingB. Being putC. PutD. To put11. I hurried to the airport only_ the plane my teacher took had taken off.A. tellingB. to be toldC. toldD. tell12. Our head teacher, _ to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room.A. h

39、aving made it clearB. making it clearC. made it clearD. to make it clear13. No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.A. performingB. to be performedC. performedD. having been performed14. _ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that l

40、ittle doll on her bed.A. SeeingB. To seeC. SeeD. Seen15. We had an anxious couple of weeks _ for the result of the experiment.A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting16. I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A. to welcomeB. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed17. _ to reach them on the phon

41、e, we sent an e-mail instead.A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed18. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam.A. passB. to passC. passedD. passing19. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC.

42、smeltD. to be smelt20. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent _ in March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launchedPresentation (2) A / B - 非謂語動詞、獨立主格綜合測試01. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. N

43、ot realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized02. He was busy writing a story, only _ once in a while to smoke cigarette.A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stoppedD. having stopped03. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC.

44、get changingD. get to change04. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told05. _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face06. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent

45、 there _ for a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained07. AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the pastfew years.A. that it isB. to beC. that it has beenD. to have been08. The flowers his friend gave him will die unles

46、s _ every day.A. wateredB. wateringC. waterD. to water09. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.A. to be heardB. to have heardC. hearingD. being heard10. _ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. DrivenB. Being drivenC. To driveD.

47、Having driven11. A: What should I do with this passage?B: _ the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding outB. Found outC. Find outD. To find out12. I hurried to school, only _ out it was Sunday.A. findB. to findC. foundD. would find13. He loves parties. He is always the first _ and the last _.A. comi

48、ng / leavingB. to come / to leaveC. comes / leavesD. come / leave14. _, one needs much practice.A. To learn swimming wellB. To learn to swim wellC. Swimming to be learned wellD. Learning swimming well15. He said he had an important meeting _.A. to attendB. to be attendedC. attendingD. attend16. When

49、 I handed the report to John, he said that George was the right person _.A. to sendB. to sending itC. to send it toD. for sending it to17. The man got home very late that night, only _ his house had been broken into.A. foundB. to findC. findD. finding18. _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.A. To becomeB. BecomeC. One becomesD. On becoming19. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing20. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to