商務(wù)英語(yǔ)term

1、1. Customs area關(guān)稅區(qū):2. Conversion貨幣兌換3. Visible trade有形貿(mào)易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4. Invisible trade無(wú)形貿(mào)易:

2、The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5. FDI外國(guó)直接投資: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets

3、 in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.6. Portfolio investment證券投資: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds債券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the mon

4、ey lent or invested together with interest.9. Maturity（票據(jù)等）到期10. Certificate of deposit大額存單11. Licensing許可經(jīng)營(yíng): In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, an

5、d can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12. Franchising特許經(jīng)營(yíng): Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark商標(biāo)14. Patent專利15. Royalty專利（許可

6、）使用費(fèi)，版稅16. Copyright版權(quán)17. Licenser許可方18. Licensee被許可方 19. Franchiser特許方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee被特許方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract管理合同: Under a management

7、 contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain價(jià)值鏈1. Turnkey project“交鑰匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign pu

8、rchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.2. BOT建設(shè)、經(jīng)營(yíng)和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer3. Expertise專門知識(shí)4. Bonus紅利、獎(jiǎng)金、津貼5. Royalty 許可使用費(fèi)6. International investment國(guó)際投資: Supplying capital by residents of one country to

9、another.7. Contract manufacturing承包生產(chǎn)8. GATT關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade9. International business國(guó)際商務(wù): Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.10.

10、 Intellectual property知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)11. Oil deposit: 石油儲(chǔ)備 = oil reserves12. the reserves of natural resources 自然資源儲(chǔ)備13. Personal advancement個(gè)人的晉升，個(gè)人素質(zhì)的提高以及個(gè)人事業(yè)的進(jìn)步等。1. GNP國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an econo

11、my.2. GDP國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. National income國(guó)民收入4. Per capita income人均收入5. Per capita GDP人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average incom

12、e level of consumers.6. PPP購(gòu)買力平價(jià): Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism消費(fèi)主義8. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra structure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施10. Staple goods大路貨11. Invoice （開(kāi)）發(fā)票12. Creditor country債權(quán)國(guó)13. OECD經(jīng)合組織，經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與開(kāi)發(fā)組織: Organization for Economic Coopera

13、tion and Development.14. The Commonwealth of Independent States 獨(dú)聯(lián)體，獨(dú)立國(guó)家聯(lián)合體15. ASEAN 東盟，東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟: Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16. NIEs（亞洲四小虎）: Newly Industrialized Economies17. Factors of production生產(chǎn)要素18. while still adopts each own external policy19. Customs union關(guān)稅同盟: The members remo

14、ve barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy20. Share holders股東21. Economic globalization經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化22. Board of directors董事會(huì)23. Inputs投入24. Services服務(wù)25. Primary commodities初級(jí)產(chǎn)品26. Specialization專業(yè)化: To restrict ones economic activities to certain particular fields.27. Absolut

15、e advantage絕對(duì)利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)28. Comparative advantage比較利益: It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute dis

16、advantage in production both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.29. Capital資本30. Land and labor土地和勞動(dòng)力31. International trade國(guó)際貿(mào)易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.32. Farm produce農(nóng)產(chǎn)品33. Scarce resource

17、s 稀缺資源34. Tariff關(guān)稅: A tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a custom area.35. Quota配額: A quota limits the imports or exports of a commodity during a given period of time. It is the most common form of non-tariff barriers.36. Import duties進(jìn)口關(guān)稅: Tariffs levied on goods entering an

18、area37. Export duties出口關(guān)稅: Taxes levied on goods leaving an area38. Ad valorem duty從價(jià)稅: 39. Specific duty從量稅40. Compound duties復(fù)稅、混合關(guān)稅41. Drawback退稅: Duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.42. Most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment最惠國(guó)待遇: A tariff treatment under whi

19、ch a country is required to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country43. Tariff schedule稅率表、稅則44. Non-tariff barrier非關(guān)稅壁壘45. GSP普惠制: Generalized system of preferences.46. Reasonable costs合理的成本47. Customs area關(guān)稅區(qū)48. Customs union關(guān)稅同盟49. Tariff barriers 關(guān)稅壁壘

20、: The traditional protectionism measure50. Deal交易51. Trade terms貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)、交易條件52. Trade practices貿(mào)易慣例53. Negotiable（票據(jù)、證券等）可轉(zhuǎn)讓的、可流通的54. EDI電子數(shù)據(jù)交換: Electronic Date Interchange55. Customs clearance清關(guān)、結(jié)關(guān)56. Dispatch發(fā)運(yùn)、發(fā)送57. ICC國(guó)際商會(huì): International Chamber of Commerce58. Roll on-roll off滾裝滾卸的59. Incoterms國(guó)際貿(mào)易

21、術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則: It is a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.60. Negotiable transport doc

22、uments可轉(zhuǎn)讓的裝運(yùn)單據(jù)=Transferable transport documents61. EXW工廠交貨: Ex Work62. FCA貨交承運(yùn)人: Free Carrier63. FAS裝運(yùn)港船邊交貨: Free Alongside Ship64. FOB裝運(yùn)港船上交貨: Free On Board65. CFR成本加運(yùn)費(fèi): Cost and Freight66. CIF成本、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)加運(yùn)費(fèi): Cost, Insurance and Freight67. CPT運(yùn)費(fèi)付至: Carriage Paid To68. CIP運(yùn)費(fèi)、保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)付至: Carriage and Insurance

23、 Paid To69. DAF邊境交貨: Delivered At Frontier70. DES目的港船上交貨: Delivered Ex Ship71. DEQ目的港碼頭交貨: Delivered Ex Quay72. DDU未完稅交貨: Delivered Duty Unpaid73. DDP完稅后交貨: Delivered Duty Paid74. UCP (the Uniform customs and Practice for documentary credit)跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例75. Inquiry / enquiry詢盤、詢價(jià): It is made by the buye

24、rs to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.76. Quotation報(bào)盤: Estimate of how much something will cost77. Validity period有效期78. Offer發(fā)盤、出價(jià)1. Counter offer還盤: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offer

25、er2. Offeree收盤人3. Sales (purchase) contract銷售（采購(gòu)）合同4. Sales (purchase) confirmation銷售（采購(gòu)）確認(rèn)書5. Consignment寄售6. Contraction parties締約方7. Arbitration仲裁8. Business line業(yè)務(wù)范圍、經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍9. Contract proper合同本身、合同正文10. Article number貨號(hào)11. A first enquiry首次詢價(jià): An enquiry sent to an exporter whom the importer has n

26、ever dealt with12. A contract一個(gè)合同: An agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties13. A firm offer 一個(gè)實(shí)盤: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.14. Trade fairs 商品交易會(huì)15. Executed contract已履行的合同16. Executory contract待履行的合同17. Dispute s

27、ettlement合同爭(zhēng)議的解決18. Law suit訴訟= Legal action, Litigation19. Counter trade對(duì)銷貿(mào)易、反向貿(mào)易20. Hyperinflation極度通貨膨脹21. Reichsbank德國(guó)國(guó)家銀行22. Cross-border contract進(jìn)出口合同23. Protectionism貿(mào)易保護(hù)注意24. Financial market金融市場(chǎng)25. Clearing system清算系統(tǒng)、清算制度26. Net positions實(shí)際頭寸27. Compensation trade補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易28. Trade credit accou

28、nts貿(mào)易信貸往來(lái)賬戶29. Barter易貨貿(mào)易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.30. Counter purchase反向購(gòu)買、互購(gòu)貿(mào)易: The assumption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services fr

29、om the importer or importing country.31. Buyback回購(gòu)貿(mào)易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output produced by these goods as full or partial payment.1. Vertical豎式地、涉及生產(chǎn)銷售全過(guò)程的2. Centrally planned economies中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家3. competitive devaluation競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性貶值4. V

30、olkswagen大眾汽車公司5. Xerox Corporation施樂(lè)公司6. Processing trade加工貿(mào)易7. Consignment寄售8. Leasing trade租賃貿(mào)易9. Auction拍賣10. Agency代理11. Money market貨幣市場(chǎng)12. Discount market貼現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)13. Capital market資本市場(chǎng)14. Securities market有價(jià)證券市場(chǎng)15. Stock Exchange證券交易所16. Foreign exchange market外匯市場(chǎng)17. Gold market黃金市場(chǎng)18. EPU歐洲支付聯(lián)盟

31、: European Payment Union19. Trade credit accounts貿(mào)易信貸往來(lái)賬戶20. Foreign exchange shortages外匯短缺21. Policy objective政策目標(biāo)22. Debtor債務(wù)人23. Debit借方24. Financial standing財(cái)務(wù)狀況= financial status = financial strength25. Credit worthiness資信可靠狀況26. Periodic payments分階段付款27. Cash in advance預(yù)付現(xiàn)金28. Draft匯票:= Bill o

32、f exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.29. Drawer出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)30. Drawee受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.31. Payee收款人、領(lǐng)款人: The person receiving

33、 the payment.32. Sight draft即期匯票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.33. Usance draft遠(yuǎn)期匯票=Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.34. Clean draft光票: The draft without documents35. Documentary draft跟單匯票: The draft i

34、s accompanied by the relevant documents.36. Documentary collection跟單托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are only handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified date.37. Open account記賬交易38.

35、D/P付款交單: Documents against payment39. D/A承兌交單: Documents against acceptance40. D/P at sight 即期付款交單41. D/P after sight 遠(yuǎn)期付款交單42. Title to the goods貨物所有權(quán)43. Ownership to the goods貨物所有權(quán)44. Insurance policy保險(xiǎn)單45. Remittance 匯付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trus

36、t each other46. Applicant (Opener or Principal)申請(qǐng)人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)47. Opening bank (Issuing bank, Establishing bank)開(kāi)證行: The bank that issues the credit48. Beneficiary受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is opened49. Correspondent band往來(lái)行、關(guān)系行:

37、The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to it50. Advising bank通知行: The bank in the exporters country, which advises the exporter the L/C, is received.51. Amendment修改52. Confirming bank保兌行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.53. Reimburse償付54. Unit price單價(jià)

38、55. Partial shipment分批裝運(yùn)56. Transshipment轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)57. The uniform customs and practice of documentary credits跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例58. In favor of 以為受益人的59. The carrying vessel載貨船只60. The letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用證:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to p

39、ay upon presentation of the relevant documents.61. Paying bank付款行: The bank accepts or negotiates the bill of exchange.62. Negotiating bank議付行: The bank buys the exporters draft submitted to it under a credit.63. Clean credit光票信用證: The credits only require clean draft.64. Non-trade settlement非貿(mào)易結(jié)算65

40、. Revocable credit可撤消信用證: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.66. Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用證: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.67. Maturity到期，滿期68. Nationalize國(guó)有化69. Confirmed credit保兌信用證: The cr

41、edit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bank70. Leading bank (Prime bank, First rate bank)主要銀行71. Sight credit即期信用證: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank.72. Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)遠(yuǎn)

42、期信用證:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a specific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.73. Capital turnover資金周轉(zhuǎn)74. Face value面值75. Transferable credit可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.76. Non-transferable credit不可

43、轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證: The credit can not be transferred.77. Non-draft credit無(wú)匯票信用證: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.78. Discount折扣79. Deferred payment延期付款80. Revolving credit循環(huán)信用證: The credit stipulated that its amount c

44、an be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.81. Insolvent無(wú)支付能力的82. The documentary credit跟單信用證: The credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.83. A particular transaction一筆特定的交易84. Documents單據(jù)85. Documentation單據(jù)的制作或使用86. Take

45、delivery of提（貨）87. Commission傭金88. Discount折扣89. Shipping marks嘜頭、運(yùn)輸標(biāo)記90. Bill of lading提（貨）單91. Carrier承運(yùn)人: The shipping company92. Shipper貨主、托運(yùn)人、發(fā)貨人93. Consignor托運(yùn)人94. Carriage運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)費(fèi)95. Consignee收貨人96. Notify party到貨通知人、被通知人97. Payable應(yīng)支付的、可支付的98. Airway bill空運(yùn)（提）單99. Railway bill收貨單（鐵路）100. Insura

46、nce policy保險(xiǎn)單（大保單）101. Insurance certificate保險(xiǎn)單（小保單）102. Cargo receipt鐵路運(yùn)單、貨運(yùn)收據(jù)103. Commercial invoice商業(yè)發(fā)票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price. The contents: Invoice number and the date; name and address of the buyer and the

47、seller; contract number and credit number; description of the goods including name of the commodity, quantity, specifications, etc.; unit price, total price, price terms, and commission and discount if any; terms of delivery and terms of payment; packing, shipping marks, etc.; and seal or signature

48、of the exporter.104. Legal holder合法持有人105. Customs invoice海關(guān)發(fā)票106. Consular invoice領(lǐng)事發(fā)票107. Consular visa領(lǐng)事簽證108. Shipping advice裝船通知109. Certificate of quality品質(zhì)證書110. Certificate of weight重量證書111. Certificate of quantity數(shù)量證書112. Certificate of health健康證書113. Certificate of disinfection消毒證書114. Cer

49、tificate of origin產(chǎn)地證書115. Veterinary certificate獸醫(yī)證書116. Packing list裝箱單: The documents gives information such as the number, date, name and description of the goods, shipping marks, packing, number of packages, specific contents of each package and its net with and gross weight etc.117. Straight b

50、ill of lading記名提單: It is made out so that only the named consignee is entitled to take delivery of the goods under the bill.118. Port of shipment發(fā)貨港、裝運(yùn)港、起運(yùn)港119. Finished products制成品120. Deregulation放松管制121. Productivity生產(chǎn)率122. Cost economies節(jié)約成本、成本節(jié)約123. Intermediate products中間產(chǎn)品、半成品124. Natural pro

51、duct province自然產(chǎn)品領(lǐng)域125. Inventory存貨、庫(kù)存126. Logistics物流127. Just-in-time inventory system零庫(kù)存128. Common carrier公共承運(yùn)人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.129. Contract

52、carrier契約承運(yùn)人: Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).130. Private carrier自有承運(yùn)人131. Representative carriers代表性的運(yùn)載工具132. Production approach生產(chǎn)方式133. Transportation and freight transportation運(yùn)輸和貨物運(yùn)輸: In broad sense, transportation is

53、defined as movement of freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.134. Carrier承運(yùn)人135. Shipper托運(yùn)人

54、= Consigner136. Consignee收貨人137. Insured被保險(xiǎn)人，保戶: The person who transfer risk.138. Insurer承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).139. Claim索賠140. Client客戶，主顧141. Margin保證金142. Draw提取，支取143. Jeopardy危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)144. Literature文獻(xiàn)，說(shuō)明書145. Underwriter保險(xiǎn)公司146. Know

55、n premium已知的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)147. Pool統(tǒng)籌的資金，共同的款項(xiàng)148. Cargo insurance貨物保險(xiǎn): It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.149. Marine insurance海上保險(xiǎn): The insurance of ships and their car

56、goes.150. Insurance保險(xiǎn): It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.151. Values exposed to loss損失的價(jià)值152. Release of funds騰出資金153. Broker經(jīng)紀(jì)人154. Port of origin始發(fā)港155. Voidable無(wú)效的156. I

57、ndemnity賠償原則: It holds that a contract of insurance is one, which restores a person who suffered a loss into the same position as he was before the loss occurred.157. Ruin破產(chǎn)158. Insurable interest可保利益: It holds that no one may insure anything unless he has and interest in it. (Which means that if the thing insured is preserved he will derive a benefit form its preservation, but if it is any way damaged or lost the assured will be adversely affect.)159. Terms of sale價(jià)格條件、買賣條款160. All Risks全險(xiǎn)、一切險(xiǎn)、綜合險(xiǎn)161. Principle of utmost good faith最大誠(chéng)信原則：The people who decide what premium is fair for a