介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句

1、"介詞+ which / whom"引導的定語從句歐陽歌谷(2021.02.01)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞''引導的定語從句，是定語從句一種介詞前置 的定語從句句型，介詞與關(guān)系代詞之間存在一種介賓關(guān)系。當關(guān) 系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，把介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前，即 演變出“介詞+關(guān)系代詞"句型。例如：The man who/whom /that you spoke to is a teacher=The man to whom you spoke is a teacher、基本構(gòu)成1. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只能用 which (

2、指物)或 whom(指人),即：介詞+which/whomo(1) The man to whom you spoke is a teacher(2) The city in which she lives is far away.(3) The little girl is reading a bookjn which there are many cartoons IE:當介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時，用在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2在限制性定語從句中，當介詞置于定語從句的謂語動詞之后 時，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom (指人)作介詞的賓語. 且此處關(guān)系代詞可以

3、省略，特別是在語中。如：歐陽歌谷創(chuàng)編2021年2月1(1) The man (who/whom /that )you spoke to is a teacher.(2) The city (vvhich/that) she lives in is far away.注：通常介詞放在定語從句中動詞后，也可以放在關(guān)系代詞 前面，但有些特殊動詞短語搭配不能拆分，介詞只能放在動詞 后，如：look for, look after pay attention to，take care of，look forward to, listen to 等。This is the pen that / which

4、 you are looking for.The patient whom she islooking after is her fatherThe words that /which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take food care of 練習：Are these sentences right?Theman with whomyoutalkedismyfriend.Theman(who/that) you

5、talkedwithismyfriend.Theman with who/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.(4) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable.(5) The plane in that we flew to Canada is very comfortable.二、關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可用"介詞+ which"來代替。關(guān)系副詞實際上是介詞+先行詞。歐陽歌谷創(chuàng)編2021年2月1其中when=表時間的介詞(如：in, at,during 等)+which ；

6、 Where=表地點的介詞(如：in, at,on,under 等)+which; Why=表原因的介詞(如：for) +which(1) 當先行詞表示時間，定語從句中缺少時間狀語時，通常用關(guān) 系副詞when引導，此時也可選用表示時間的介詞+ which來代替 關(guān)系副詞when。I still remember the day when I came here.( on the day=when)(2) 當先行詞表示地點，定語從句中缺少地點狀語時，通常用關(guān) 系副詞where引導，此時也可選用表示地點的介詞+ which來代替 關(guān)系副詞where。This is the house where

7、I lived last year.( in the house=where)(3) 當先行詞為reason,定語從句中缺少表示原因狀語時，通常 用關(guān)系副詞why引導，此時也可以用for which來代替關(guān)系副詞 why。There are many reasons why people like traveling. (for the reasons =why)三、關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，三意義(重中之 重)1. 先，即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school, (on

8、the day)歐陽歌谷創(chuàng)編2021年2月12. 二動，即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan.(spend money onsth.)3. 三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.例題：用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的形式表示1. Do you like the bookshe learned a lot?2. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten w

9、indows，most hadn't been cleaned for at least a yean3. The towerpeople can have a good view is on the hilL注意:介詞+關(guān)系代詞1) 介詞后廂的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。2) that前不能有介詞。3) 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的”介詞+關(guān)系詞 ”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。練習：1. He was educated at a local grammar school,he went on toCambridge. （05 LU 東卷）A. from whi

10、ch B after that C. after which D. from this2.She was educated at Beijing University,she went on tohave her advanced study abroad（06 陜西卷）A. after that B. from that C from which D. after which歐陽歌谷創(chuàng)編2021年2月13. Gun control is a subjectAmericans have argued for along time. （09陜西卷）A. of which B. with whic

11、h C. about which D. into which4. Wind power is an ancient source of energywe may return inthe near future. （10LU東卷）A. on which B by which C to which D from which5. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people ,many ofleft their village homes for a better life in the city.（10浙卷）A.whomB.which C.themD

12、.whose6. The English playmy students acted at the New Year，sparty was a great success（04 全國 I）A for which B at which C in which D on which7. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,the s ailing time was 226 dnys. （04 廣西）A. of which B. during which C. from which D for which8. Man

13、y people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forestwhen they remembered the scenespeople were eaten by thetiger. （05 廣東卷）A. in which B. by which C. which D. that9. She showed the visitors around the museum, the constructionhad taken more than three years. （11 江西卷）A. for whichB with which

14、C. of which D. to which10. The placethe bridge is supposed to be built should be the歐陽歌谷創(chuàng)編2021年2月1cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江蘇卷）A. which; where B. at which; which C at which; where D which; in which11 .Eric received training in the computer for one year,he founda job in a big company.

15、A. after that B.after which C.after itD.after this12. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry,there won'tbe much work.A. where B.that C.by which D.without which13. Last week,only two people came to look at thehouse,wanted to buy itA.none of them B.both of them C.none of whomD.neither of wh

16、om14. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5 : 30pm, many people have gone homeA. whose time B.thatC.on which D.by which time15. Whenever I met her,was fairly often,she greeted me witha sweet smile.（09L1J東）A.who B.which C.when D.that16.She brought with her three friends,none ofI had ever metbefore. （09海南）A. them B.who C.whom D.these17.Many children,parents are away working in big歐陽歌谷創(chuàng)編2021年2月1cities,are taken good care of in the village（09安徽）A.theirB.whoseC.of them D.with whom18.1 was bom in New Orleans, L