盧雪英汽車?yán)碚摼C合作業(yè)luxy

1、汽車?yán)碚摼C合大作業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)者：吉林大學(xué)汽車運(yùn)用工程專業(yè)44100128 盧雪英 汽車動(dòng)力性計(jì)算（加速性能、最高車速、動(dòng)力因素加速時(shí)間和加速距離）已知：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性、裝載質(zhì)量、整備質(zhì)量、總質(zhì)量、車輪半徑、傳動(dòng)系效率、滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)、空氣阻力系數(shù)×迎風(fēng)面積、主減速 器速比飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、兩個(gè)前輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、四個(gè)后輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、變速器速比、軸距、質(zhì)心至前軸距離、質(zhì)心高度。例如，已知數(shù)據(jù)如下表:項(xiàng)目單位數(shù)值裝載質(zhì)量kg1995整備質(zhì)量kg1700總質(zhì)量kg3695車輪半徑m0.37傳動(dòng)系效率 0.87+0.0028滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù) 0.012-0.0028空氣阻力系數(shù)×迎風(fēng)面積

2、m22.60主減速器速比 5.83飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量kgm20.22兩前輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量kgm21.80四后輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量kgm23.60軸距m3.40質(zhì)心至前軸距離m2.0質(zhì)心高度m0.9變速器速比變速器I檔II檔III檔IV檔V檔四檔6.123.111.691.00 五檔3.552.771.651.000.83發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)外特性 Tq=a+a1(n/c)+a2(n/c)2+a2(n/c)3+a3(n/c)4參數(shù)aa1a2a2a3c數(shù)值-19.31296-16540.9-3.8510001)  繪制汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力平衡圖；2)  求汽車的最高車速、最大爬坡度；3)

3、60; 繪制加速度倒數(shù)曲線4)  用圖解法或編程繪制汽車動(dòng)力因數(shù)特性曲線5)  圖解手工繪制II檔起步，加速至70km/h的車速時(shí)間曲線以及距離時(shí)間曲線。 汽車燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性計(jì)算（等速、多工況）例如，已知汽車結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)同題1，負(fù) 荷特性擬合公式為N/(rmin-1)B0B1B2B3B48201427-41672-6.00.1812001355-30437-2.050.04316001284-19015-0.510.00720001123-121.67.0-0.1850.001926001141-994.5-0.0910.000730001051-742.86-0.0510.000

4、3534001233-853.0-0.04750.000338801130-450.71-0.0008-0.00004   怠速油耗為0.3ml/s（400r/min），求1) 汽車功率平衡圖；2) 最高檔與次高檔的等速百公里油耗曲線。3) 按6工況循環(huán)行駛的百公里油耗。計(jì)算中確定燃油消耗率值b時(shí)，若發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速與負(fù)荷特性中給定的轉(zhuǎn)速不 相等，可用相鄰轉(zhuǎn)速的兩根曲線用插值法求得。1.(1)求汽車驅(qū)動(dòng)力與行駛阻力平衡圖和汽車最高車速的matlab程序：n=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904

5、*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4;m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*

6、n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;ua=0:5:130;Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.2/21.15;Fz=Ff+Fw;plot(ua1,Ft1,ua2,Ft2,ua3,Ft3,ua4,Ft4,ua5,Ft5,ua,Fz);title('驅(qū)動(dòng)力-行駛阻力平衡圖');xlabel('Ua(km/h)');ylabel('Ft(N)');gtext('Ft1')

7、,gtext('Ft2'),gtext('Ft3'),gtext('Ft4'),gtext('Ft5'),gtext('Ff+Fw');zoom on;x,y=ginput(1);zoom off;disp('汽車最高車速=');disp(x);disp('km/h');(2).求汽車的最大爬坡度的matlab程序：n=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1

8、000).4;m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;Ff=G*f;Fw1=CDA*ua1.2/21.15;Fz1=Ff+Fw1;Fi1=Ft1-Fz1;Zoom on;imax=100*tan(asin(max(Fi1/G);disp(&#

9、39;汽車最大爬坡度:');disp(imax);disp('');（3）求汽車行駛加速度倒數(shù)曲線matlab程序如下：clearn=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4;m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If

10、=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Fw1=CDA*ua1.2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.2/21

11、.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.2/21.15;Ff=G*f;deta1=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*ig(1)2*i02*nT)/(m*r2);deta2=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*ig(2)2*i02*nT)/(m*r2);deta3=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*ig(3)2*i02*nT)/(m*r2);deta4=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*ig(4)2*i02*nT)/(m*r2);deta5=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*ig(5)2*i02*nT)/(

12、m*r2);a1=(Ft1-Ff-Fw1)/(deta1*m);ad1=1./a1;a2=(Ft2-Ff-Fw2)/(deta2*m);ad2=1./a2;a3=(Ft3-Ff-Fw3)/(deta3*m);ad3=1./a3;a4=(Ft4-Ff-Fw4)/(deta4*m);ad4=1./a4;a5=(Ft5-Ff-Fw5)/(deta5*m);ad5=1./a5;plot(ua1,ad1,ua2,ad2,ua3,ad3,ua4,ad4,ua5,ad5);axis(0 100 0 10);title('汽車的加速度倒數(shù)曲線');xlabel('ua(km/h)

13、9;);ylabel('1/a');gtext('1/a1');gtext('1/a2');gtext('1/a3');gtext('1/a4');gtext('1/a5');（4）繪制汽車動(dòng)力因數(shù)特性曲線matlab程序如下：n=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4;m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55

14、2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;Ft1=Tq*ig(1)*i0*nT/r;Ft2=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r;Ft3=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r;Ft4=Tq*ig(4)*i0*nT/r;Ft5=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r;ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(

15、4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;ua=0:5:120;Fw1=CDA*ua1.2/21.15;Fw2=CDA*ua2.2/21.15;Fw3=CDA*ua3.2/21.15;Fw4=CDA*ua4.2/21.15;Fw5=CDA*ua5.2/21.15;f0=0.0087;f1=0.00026;f4=0.00070;f=f0+f1*(ua/100)+f4*(ua/100).4;D1=(Ft1-Fw1)/G;D2=(Ft2-Fw2)/G;D3=(Ft3-Fw3)/G;D4=(Ft4-Fw4)/G;D5=(Ft5-Fw5)/G;plot(ua1,D1,ua2,D2,ua3

16、,D3,ua4,D4,ua5,D5,ua,f);title('汽車動(dòng)力特性圖');xlabel('Ua(km/h)');ylabel('D');gtext(''),gtext(''),gtext(''),gtext(''),gtext(''),gtext('f');(5)手工繪制檔起步，加速至70km/h的車速-時(shí)間曲線以及距離-時(shí)間曲線如下：clearm=3695;g=9.8; G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT

17、=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60nmin=600;nmax=4500;u1=0.377*r*nmin./ig/i0;u2=0.377*r*nmax./ig/i0;deta=0*ig;for i=1:5 deta(i)=1+(Iw1+Iw2)/(m*r2)+(If*(ig(i)2*i02*nT)/(m*r2);endua=6:0.01:99;N=length(ua);n=0;Tq=0;Ft=0;inv_a=0*ua;delta=0*ua;Ff=G*f;Fw=

18、CDA*ua.2/21.15;for i=1:N k=i; if ua(i)<=u2(2) n=ua(i)*(ig(2)*i0/r)/0.377; Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4; Ft=Tq*ig(2)*i0*nT/r; inv_a(i)=(deta(2)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6; elseif ua(i)<=u2(3) n=ua(i)*(ig(3)*i0/r)/0.377; Tq=-19.31

19、+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4; Ft=Tq*ig(3)*i0*nT/r; inv_a(i)=(deta(3)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6; elseif ua(i)<=u2(4) n=ua(i)*(ig(4)*i0/r)/0.377; Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4; Ft=Tq*ig(4)*i0*n

20、T/r; inv_a(i)=(deta(4)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6; else n=ua(i)*(ig(5)*i0/r)/0.377; Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4; Ft=Tq*ig(5)*i0*nT/r; inv_a(i)=(deta(5)*m)/(Ft-Ff-Fw(i); delta(i)=0.01*inv_a(i)/3.6; end a=delta(1:k); t(i)=sum(a);endplo

21、t(t,ua);axis(0 80 0 100);title('汽車2檔原地起步換擋加速時(shí)間曲線');xlabel('時(shí)間t（s）');ylabel('速度ua（km/h）');2.（1）.汽車功率平衡圖的matlab程序：clearn=600:10:4500;Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4;m=3695;g=9.8;nmin=500;nmax=4500;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;n

22、T=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60ua1=0.377*r*n/ig(1)/i0;ua2=0.377*r*n/ig(2)/i0;ua3=0.377*r*n/ig(3)/i0;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Pe1=Tq.*ig(1)*i0.*ua1./(3600*r);Pe2=Tq.*ig(2)*i0.*ua2./(3600*r);Pe3=Tq.*ig(3)*i0.*ua3./(3600*r);Pe

23、4=Tq.*ig(4)*i0.*ua4./(3600*r);AAPe5=Tq.*ig(5)*i0.*ua5./(3600*r);ua=0:0.36:120;Ff=G*f;Fw=CDA*ua.2/21.15;Pf=Ff*ua/3600;Pw=Fw.*ua/3600;Pe0=(Pf+Pw)./nT;Pe=max(Pe1);plot(ua1,Pe1,ua2,Pe2,ua3,Pe3,ua4,Pe4,ua5,Pe5,ua,Pe0,ua,Pe);axis(0 120 0 100);title('汽車功率平衡圖');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('

24、;Pe(kw)');gtext('1'),gtext('2'),gtext('3'),gtext('4'),gtext('5'),gtext('(Pf+Pw)/et'),gtext('Pe');(2)最高檔和次高檔的等速百公里油耗曲線matlab程序： clearn=600:10:4000;Tq=-19.31+296.00*(n/1000)-165.00*(n/1000).2+40.904*(n/1000).3-3.85*(n/1000).4;m=3695;g=9.8;nmi

25、n=600;nmax=4000;G=m*g;ig=3.55 2.77 1.65 1.00 0.83;nT=0.8728;r=0.37;f=0.0092;CDA=2.6;i0=5.83;L=3.40;L1=2.0;hg=0.9;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60n2=820 1200 1600 2000 2600 3000 3400 3880;B02=1427 1355 1284 1123 1141 1051 1233 1130;B12=-416 -304 -190 -121.60 -99 -74 -85 -45 ;B22=72 37 15 7.0 4.5 2.86 3.0 0.

26、71;B32=-6.0 -2.05 -0.51 -0.185 -0.091 -0.051 -0.0475 -0.0008;B40=0.18 0.043 0.007 0.0019 0.0007 0.00035 0.0003 -0.00004;B0=spline(n2,B02,n);B1=spline(n2,B12,n);B2=spline(n2,B22,n);B3=spline(n2,B32,n);B4=spline(n2,B42,n);Ff=G*f;ua4=0.377*r*n/ig(4)/i0;ua5=0.377*r*n/ig(5)/i0;Fz4=Ff+CDA*(ua4.2)/21.15;Fz

27、5=Ff+CDA*(ua5.2)/21.15;Pe4=Fz4.*ua4./(nT*3.6*1000);Pe5=Fz5.*ua5./(nT*3.6*1000);for i=1:1:3401b4(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe4(i)+B2(i)*Pe4(i).2+B3(i)*Pe4(i).3+B4(i)*Pe4(i).4;b5(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*Pe5(i)+B2(i)*Pe5(i).2+B3(i)*Pe5(i).3+B4(i)*Pe5(i).4;endpg=7.0;Q4=Pe4.*b4./(1.02.*ua4.*pg);Q5=Pe5.*b5./(1.02.*ua5.*pg);p

28、lot(ua4,Q4,ua5,Q5);axis(0 120 10 30);title('最高檔與次高檔等速百公里油耗曲線');xlabel('ua(km/h)');ylabel('百公里油耗（L/100km）');gtext('4'),gtext('5');(3).按6工況循環(huán)行駛的百公里油耗的matlab程序如下：function y=yanshu(b)i0=5.83; 輸入主傳動(dòng)比的數(shù)據(jù) b=youhao(i0); 求對(duì)應(yīng)i0的6工況百公里油耗b function y=canshu(i0) 求各個(gè)參數(shù)的處理函數(shù)

29、 n1=linspace(0,5000); 先求各個(gè)檔位的驅(qū)動(dòng)力nmax=4500;nmin=600;r=0.37;yita=0.8728;CDA=2.6;f=0.0092;G=(3695)*9.8;ig=3.55,2.77,1.65,1.00,0.83; i0=5.83for i=1:1:5 i為檔位數(shù) uamax(i)=chesu(nmax,r,ig(i),i0); 計(jì)算各個(gè)檔位的最大最小速度 uamin(i)=chesu(nmin,r,ig(i),i0); ua(i,:)=linspace(uamin(i),uamax(i),100); n(i,:)=zhuansu(ua(i,:),r,

30、ig(i),i0); 計(jì)算各個(gè)檔位的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍 Ttq(i,:)=zhuanju(n(i,:); 計(jì)算各個(gè)檔位的轉(zhuǎn)矩范圍 Ft(i,:)=qudongli(Ttq(i,:),ig(i),i0,yita,r); 求出驅(qū)動(dòng)力 F(i,:)=f*G+CDA*(ua(i,:).2)/21.15; 求出滾動(dòng)阻力和空氣阻力之和Ídelta(i,:)=1+(1.80+3.60+0.22*(ig(i)2)*(i02)*yita)/(3695*r2); 求旋轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量換算系數(shù) a(i,:)=1./(delta(i,:).*3695./(Ft(i,:)-F(i,:); 求加速度end function ua=

31、chesu(n,r,ig,i0) 由轉(zhuǎn)矩計(jì)算車速ua=0.377*r.*n/(ig*i0); function n=zhuansu(ua,r,ig,i0)求轉(zhuǎn)速n=ig*i0.*ua./(0.377*r) function y=zhuanju(n) 求轉(zhuǎn)矩函數(shù)y=-19.31+296.00*(n./1000)-165.00.*(n./1000).2+40.904.*(n./1000).3-3.85.*(n./1000).4; function y=qudongli(Ttq,ig,i0,yita,r) 求驅(qū)動(dòng)力函數(shù)y=(ig*i0*yita.*Ttq)/r; 求六工況的油耗function b=

32、youhao(i0)global f G CDA yita m r If Iw1 Iw2 pg B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 n 聲明全局變量ig=3.55,2.77,1.65,1.00,0.83;r=0.37;yita=0.8728;CDA=2.60;f=0.0092; i0=5.83;G=(3695)*9.8;If=0.22;Iw1=1.80;Iw2=3.60;m=3695; 汽車基本參數(shù)設(shè)定¨n0=820 1200 1600 2000 2600 3000 3400 3880;B00=1427 1355 1284 1123 1141 1051 1233 1130;B10=-416

33、 -304 -190 -121.60 -99 -74 -85 -45 ;B20=72 37 15 7.0 4.5 2.86 3.0 0.71;B30=-6.0 -2.05 -0.51 -0.185 -0.091 -0.051 -0.0475 -0.0008;B40=0.18 0.043 0.007 0.0019 0.0007 0.00035 0.0003 -0.00004;n=600:1:4000;B0=spline(n0,B00,n);B1=spline(n0,B10,n);B2=spline(n0,B20,n); 使用三次樣條差值B3=spline(n0,B30,n);B4=spline(

34、n0,B40,n);ua4=0.377*r.*n./(i0*ig(4); 求出發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi)對(duì)應(yīng)的3,4檔位車速F4=f*G+CDA*(ua4.2)/21.15; 求出滾動(dòng)阻力和空氣阻力之和P_fw4=F4.*ua4./(yita*3.6*1000); 求出阻力功率for i=1:1:3401 %ÓÃÄâºÏ¹«Ê½Çó³ö¸÷¸öȼÓÍÏûº

35、ÄÂÊb4(i)=B0(i)+B1(i)*P_fw4(i)+B2(i)*(P_fw4(i)2+B3(i)*(P_fw4(i)3+B4(i)*(P_fw4(i)4;endpg=7.0; %ÆûÓ͵ÄÖضÈÈ¡7.06N/Lua4_m=25,40,50; %ÔÈËٽ׶εijµËÙs_m=50,250,2

36、50; %ÿ¶ÎÔÈËÙ×ß¹ýµÄ¾àÀëb4_m=spline(ua4,b4,ua4_m); %²åÖµµÃ³ö¶ÔÓ¦ËٶȵÄȼÓÍÏûºÄ

37、94;ÊF4_m=f*G+CDA*(ua4_m.2)/21.15; %³µËÙ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ×èÁ¦P_fw4_m=F4_m.*ua4_m./(yita*3.6*1000); %·¢¶¯»ú¹¦ÂÊQ4_m=P_fw4_m.*b4_m.*s_m./(102.*ua4_m.*pg) ; Q4_a1=jiasu(40,25,ig(4),0.25,ua4,

38、i0);Q4_a2=jiasu(50,40,ig(4),0.2,ua4,i0);Qid=0.300;tid=19.3;s=1075; Q_i=Qid*tid; %Çó³ö¼õËٽ׶εÄȼÓÍÏûºÄÁ¿ Q4all=(sum(Q4_m)+Q4_a1+Q4_a2+Q_i)*100/s; %IVµµÁù¹

39、¤¿ö°Ù¹«ÀïȼÓÍÏûºÄÁ¿b=Q4all; %¼ÓËٽ׶δ¦Àíº¯Êýfunction q=jiasu(umax,umin,ig,a,ua0,i0)global f G CDA yita m r If Iw1 Iw2 pg B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 n; %i0 ;ua1=umin:1:umax; %°ÑËٶȷ¶