新現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時

1、1. 現(xiàn)在完成時（ 1 ）現(xiàn)在完成時的定義： 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作現(xiàn)在有了結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在造成影響。該時態(tài)還可表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作。它是一個把過去和現(xiàn)在密切聯(lián)系起來 的時態(tài)。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞（ 3）現(xiàn)在完成時的基本用法：1） ） 表示（不確定的）過去發(fā)生（可能剛結(jié)束）的動作（通常為短暫性動詞），但它所造成的狀態(tài)目前依然存在，后面通常不用時間狀語，但句中常出現(xiàn)just, recently, lately,already, yet （用于疑問句和否定句）等副詞。如：I ' ve just finished reading th

2、e novel.我剛剛讀完這本小說。 Have you seen the doctor yet? 你看過醫(yī)生了嗎？2） 表示從過去某時開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（有可能到將來）（通常為延續(xù)性動詞） ， 常和 for+ 時間段 （ for 可以省略）或since +時間點（如： then/1998/five years ago/heleft） , today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for the last/past few years/days 等時間狀語連用。如：

3、She has been a teacher for twenty years. 她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了20 年的老師了。I haven ' t seen Justin since last Friday night.上周五晚到現(xiàn)在我一直沒看到賈斯廷。3） 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性動作，常和always, often, from time to time,frequently, ever, never, seldom, before, once,等表示頻mes副詞和短語連用。如：I have often/never heard her sing this song. 我經(jīng)常/從未聽她唱這首

4、歌。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. 有些村民說他們多次看到過 飛碟。4）現(xiàn)在完成時還可用于時間和條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時, 此時強調(diào)動作的完成。如：Let wait unttilhe rain stops/has stopped. 讓我們等到雨停了。 If anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk? 如有人發(fā)現(xiàn)一塊手 表，可否請他放在我桌上？I will write the letter when I have finishe

5、d the book. 我看完這本書后就寫信。5）現(xiàn)在完成時還可用于某些固定句型中。如： "It/This/That is the first/second +thatme句"，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That s the third time that he s phoned her this mo比爾又在給他女朋友打電話了。這已是他今天上午第三次給她打電話了?！癷s the形容詞最高級+名詞+定語從句”，從句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。He is the most diligent student

6、that I have （ever） taught 他是我教過的最勤奮的學(xué)生。It is + 一段時間+since+一般過去時（謂語動詞為短暫性動詞）”。如：It is two years since he left the country. 他離開這個國家已有兩年了。=He left the country two years ago.=He has been away from the country for two years. leave 等短暫性動詞必須改換成相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞。成對的詞有：become-be; come/arrive-be here, go/leave-be away,

7、 return/get back-be back, die-be dead; join the army-serve in the army, marry-be married to, borrow-the book-keep the book, catch a cold-have a cold, start/begin-be on （ 開始， 進行， 放映）， end/finish/stop-be over, appear-bethere, disappear-be gone, get lost-be missing （丟失）。2 現(xiàn)在完成進行時(1) 現(xiàn)在完成進行時定義：現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示

8、動作從過去某時開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛停止，也可能還在繼續(xù)(視上下文確定)?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時一般不用于被動語態(tài)。(2)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成：have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞( 3)現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本用法：1) 表示過去開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。它常和how long, for+ 時間段 ,since+時間點結(jié)構(gòu)及 all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning 等連用。如： I haven t been sleeping well since I returnheodme. 回到家以來我一直睡得不好。We h

9、ave been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder.我們一直在調(diào)查其他的可能性，比如說謀殺。2) 表示過去開始的動作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。如：Sorry, I ' m late. Have you been waiting 10ngl?5起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎？ 一Yes. I ' ve been waiting for an hoUr.的，我等了個小時了。3) 表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作(強調(diào)次數(shù)多，動作不一定持續(xù))。如：He has been cycling to work for

10、 the last three weeks. 三周以來，他一直騎自行車上班。We ve been seeingquite a lot of each other recently. 最近我們經(jīng)常見面。Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一周來吉姆每晚都給杰妮打電話。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：1 ) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示到現(xiàn)在為止動作已經(jīng)完成，強調(diào)結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)動作本身的持續(xù)性，不管動作是否完成。如：I have read this novel. 我已讀過這本小說。(可能剛讀過，也可能是很久以前讀

11、的)I have been reading this novel. 我一直在讀這本小說。(不一定看完) 這種詞包括write, build, design, repair, clean 等。2) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，詢問或說明已經(jīng)完成動作的多少或次數(shù)，用howmany times;而現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示持續(xù)的不間斷的動作，詢問或說明動作的延續(xù)性 (長久) ，用 how long 。如：How many times have you visited Egypt this month? 你本月訪問過埃及幾次？How long have you been reading that book?

12、 那本書你讀了多長時間了？3) 一些表示感情和情緒的詞，如： like, care (=like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want,wish ； 表示精神活動的動詞，如： agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think),imagine, feel (=think), think, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, realize, recognize, doubt; 感官動詞，如： appear, look, seem, see,

13、 notice, observe, sound, hear, taste 狀態(tài) 動詞，如：have, belong, owe, own,possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve 等不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時。如：They ve known each other since 9170. 自從 1970 年起他們就相互認(rèn)識了。4) 現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中可以用像never, yet, already 和 ever 這樣的詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時的句子中不可以用這些詞。如：I have already been to London. 我已去過

14、倫敦。5) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示的重復(fù)行動有時可以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示為連續(xù)的行動。如：I ve written six letters since breakfast. 早飯后我已經(jīng)寫了六封信。I ve been writing letters since breakfast. 早飯后我一直在寫信。I have knocked five times. I don t think anybody is in. 我已敲了5 次門。 我想屋里沒人。I have been knocking, and I don t think anybody is in. 我一直在敲門。我想屋里沒人。6）在表達從過去開始

15、現(xiàn)仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動作時，某些動詞因本身就有持續(xù)性，故用現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時（與for+時間段，或since+時間點）均可，只是現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。如：rain （下雨），snow （下雪），lie （躺）,sit （坐）,standi （站），sleep （睡覺），live （居?。?stay （待，逗留）,learn/study （學(xué)習(xí)）,teach（教書），work （工作），wait （等待），expect （期待，盼望。等）,hope （希望），want （想要）等。如：How long have you learnt/have you been learni

16、ng English? 你學(xué)習(xí)英語多長時間了 ?單項填空：從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。1. I the American TV series Prison Break these days and I can finish watching within twodays.A. have watched B. have been watching C. watchD. am watching2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and technology. （2007 天

17、津卷）A. had discoveredB. had been discoveredC. has discoveredD. has been discovered3. I got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit.（改編自 2007 d匕京卷）A. has ruinedB. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined4. 一 I have got a headache.-No wonder. You in front of that computer too long.（2

18、007 江西卷）A. workB. are working C. have been working D. worked5. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what.（2007 四川卷）A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D had been marked6. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. （2007 福建卷） A. worksB. is working C.

19、 has workedD. worked7. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she English for a year.（2007 湖南卷）A. studiesB. studiedC. is studyingD. has been studying8. -If the traffic hadn 't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock. -What a pity! Tina he

20、re to see you.（2005 湖南卷）A. isB. wasC. would beD. has been9. 一 Have you got any job offers?No. I.（2008 遼寧卷）A. waitedB. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting10. I like these English songs and they many times on the radio.（2008 安徽卷）A. taughtB. have taught C. are taughtD. have been taught11. 一 D

21、o you think we should accept that offer?（2008 江西卷） Yes, we should, for we such bad luck up till now, and time out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run12. -1 ' m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-1 think so. He for it for months.

22、（2008 江蘇卷）A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing13. Are you going to attend the concert tonight? Well, I ' d like to, but I the ticket.A. didn ' t get B. hadn ' t got C. haven ' t got D. can ' t get814. About 87.5% of the Chinese people feel

23、that their living burdens are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes .A. have increased B. increaseC. increased15. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it till tomorrow.D. are increasingA. was put offB. will put off C. has been put off16. How long has this

24、 bookshop been in business?1982,A. AfterB. InC. From17. -I am sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. was18. You dont need to describe her. I her several times.A. had metB. have metC. met19. - the sports meet might be put off.- Yes, it all depen

25、ds on the weather.A. I ve been told B. I ve toldC. I m told20. -my glasses?-Yes, I saw them a minute ago on your bed.A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you seeD. put off( NMET 1994 ) D. Since( NMET 1994 ) D. will be( NMET 1995 ) D. meet( NMET 1995 ) D. I told( NMET 1996 ) D. Have you seen21. -Wh

26、o is Jerry Cooper?-? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET 1997)A. Don t you meet him yetB. Hadn t met him yet?C. Didn t you meet him yetD. Haven t you met him yet22. -I haven t heard from Henry for a long time.-What do you suppose to him?(1997 上海卷)A. was happening B. to happenC. has

27、 happened D. had happened23. -Oh, it s you! I you.-I ve just had my hair cut and I m wearing new glasses.（1997 上海卷）A. didn t recognize B. hadnt recognized C. haven t recognized24. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.D. don t recognize-I am tired. I the living room all day.(NMET 1998)A. paintedB. had painted

28、C. have been painting D. have painted25. -Hey, look where you are going!-Oh, I m terribly sorry. .A. I m not noticing B. I wasn t noticingC. I haven t noticed(NMET 1999)D. I don t notice26. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so.(NMET 1999)A. went downB. will go down C. has gone down D. w

29、as going down27. -How are you today?-Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.(NMET 2000)A. didn t feelB. wasnt feelingC. dont feelD. haven t felt28. All the preparations for the task, and we are ready to start. (NMET 2000 春招)A. completedB. completeC. had been completed D. have been completed29. I w

30、onder why Jenny to us recently. We should have heard from her by now. (NMET2002）A. hasn t writtenB. doesn t write .C. won t writeD. hadnt written30. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we each other a couple of times before that.（ 2002 春招）A. h

31、ad been; have seenB. have been; have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen31. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness .（NMET 2003）A. has grownB. is growingC. grewD. had grown32. Millions of pounds worth of damage by a storm which swept across the n

32、orth ofEngland last night.（2005 重慶卷 ）A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 33. Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop.（2006 重慶卷 ）A. will giveB. have been given C. have givenD. will be given34. I in London for man

33、y years, but I ve never regretted my final decision to move backto China.（2006 重慶卷 ）A. livedB. was livingC. have livedD. had lived35. Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us isthat some of them are returning.（2006 江蘇卷 ）A. achievedB. has achieved C. will achi

34、eveD. had achieved36. My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then wentto America.（2006 江西卷 ）A. workedB. would work C. would be working D. has been working37. I won t tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he on it for more thanan hour.（2006 湖北卷 ）A. has

35、been workingB. will have workedC. will have been workingD. had worked38. It is said that the early European playing cards for entertainment and education.（2006 遼寧卷 ）A. were being designedB. have designedC. have been designedD. were designed39. -Have you seen the movie “Speed” ?-Yes, I it when I was at college.A. sawB. have seenC. would seeD. had seen40. My father too much recently. He should smoke less for the benefit of his health.A. was smoking B. would smoke C. has been smoking D. had smoked41. The old couple have been married f